The protective effect of Zataria multiflora Boiss. hydroalcoholic extract on TNF-α production, oxidative stress, and insulin level in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

Objective: Oxidative stress leads to reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction, which causes tissue injury in diabetic patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of Zataria multiflora extract on TNF-α, oxidative stress products, and insulin levels as well as lipid profile in diabetic rats. Materials and Methods: Rats were randomly divided into 6 groups of 10 animals. Diabetes was induced by a single injection of streptozotocin (STZ). Control and diabetic control rats orally received 1 mL/day of normal saline, whereas the other three groups received 250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg/day of Z. multiflora extract, and one non-diabetic group orally received 1000 mg/kg/day Z. multiflora extract, for 28 days. At the end of the treatment course, rats were anesthetized and their serum samples were analyzed for TNF-α, malondialdehyde (MDA), super oxide dismutase (SOD), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), lipid profile, total plasma protein, blood glucose, insulin, and liver enzymes levels. Results: Our results showed that cholesterol, LDL, TG, MDA and TNF-α levels decreased, but HDL, SOD, TAC, and total protein increased significantly in the diabetic group receiving 1000 mg/kg Z. multiflora compared to the diabetic control group (

The Effect of Aromatherapy by Lavender Oil on Infant Vaccination Pain: a Double Blind Randomized Controlled Trial

Introduction: Exposure to noxious stimuli can cause pain in infants. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of the lavender oil inhalation on the pain resulting from the pentavalent vaccination. Methods: This clinical trial consisted of two groups: the lavender oil group with 42 infants and the placebo group with 57 infants. The healthy infants without congenital abnormalities in need of pentavalent vaccine also participated in our study. The infants started the lavender oil or placebo aromatherapy one minute before injection. The pain was assessed three times, using the Neonatal Infant pain Scale (NIPS): before vaccination, 15 s, and 5 min after vaccination. Also, the duration of crying was measured in both groups. Results: At baseline, the two groups were similar in relation to the NIPS scores. While, after 5 minutes, the NIPS score was significantly lower in the lavender group. Based on the repeated measures analysis, the NIPS score changed over time totally. However, the two groups were significantly different in relation to the NIPS score over time. The duration of crying was 75.47 (60.675) second in the lavender group and 105.22 (75.739) s in the control group. The statistical test showed a significant difference between the two groups. Conclusion: A low concentration of the lavender oil inhalation can reduce the pain and improve soothing in the infants with the pentavalent vaccine injection

Prevalence of Obesity in Type 1 Diabetic Children in the South of Iran

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prevalence of dyslipidemia in healthy children of kavar, fars province

Background: lipid profile disorders are important in children because they plays an important role in future cardiovascular atherosclerotic disorders. Lack of sufficient data in this regard in Fars province was the reason of performing this study. Methods: 500 healthy children were gathered from Kavar schools with systematic randomized method sampling. Body measurements and lipid profile were checked with standard methods. Data were analyzed by SPSS software. Results: We find that 35% of children have at least one abnormal lipid profile tests. 34.7% had low HDL, 7% had high total cholesterol, 13.6% had high triglyceride and 10.6% had high non HDL cholesterol. Among these abnormalities, high total and high non HDL cholesterol were more prevalent in girls. The most associated factors were body weight, height and waist circumference. Conclusion: 35% of children have at least one abnormal lipid profile tests and cholesterol disorders were more prevalent in girls. We suggest early screening, early diagnosis and treatment of these abnormalities in children which need prevention of risk factors such as obesity and inactivity

Effect of Posttraumatic Serum Thyroid Hormone Levels on Severity and Mortality of Patients with Severe Traumatic Brain Injury

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is an important cause of death and disability in young adults ,and may lead to physical disabilities and long-term cognitive, behavioral psychological and social defects. There is a lack of definite result about the effect of thyroid hormones after traumatic brain injury in the severity and no data about their effect on mortality of the injury. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of thyroid hormones after traumatic brain injury in the severity and mortality and gain a clue in brain injury prognosis. In a longitudinal prospective study from February 2010 until February 2011, we checked serum levels of T3, T4, TSH and TBG of severely brain injured patients and compared the relationship of them with primary Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score and mortality of patients. Statistical analysis used SPSS 11.5 software with using chi-square and Fisher exact test. Serum levels of T3 and T4 were decreased after brain trauma but not TSH and TBG. Mortality rates were higher in patients with lower T4 serum levels. The head injury was more severe in whom with low T3 and T4. Follow a severe brain injury a secondary hypothyroidism is happened due to pituitary dysfunction. Also, serum level of T3 and T4 on the first day admission affect on primary GCS score of patients which is an indicator of severity of brain injury. In addition, mortality rates of severely brain injured patients have a high correlation with the serum level of T4 in the first day admission

Rhabdomyolysis due to Severe Hypernatremia Caused by Dehydration, in a Child with Gastroenteritis: a Case Report

Background Rhabdomyolysis is considered a rare medical condition in pediatric population. Case Report We report our experience on a one year old girl referred to Shiraz Nemazee Hospital, Southern Iran with rhabdomyolysis due to severe hypernatremia, secondary to gastroenteritis. Discussion Rhabdomyolysis should be taken in to consideration in hypernatremic states, as it may lead to severe consequences. Treatment of underlying cause and proper management of hypernatremia could be helpful while handling this complicated situation

Intraventricular Hemorrhage in Premature Infants and Its Association with Pneumothorax

Intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) is one of the major causes of the cerebral palsy and mental retardation. Prevention and early management of these neurologic developmental problems will require determining the perinatal risk factors associated with this clinical entity. Pneumothorax increase the risk of IVH, and cause of pneumothorax has an important effect in severity of IVH. This is a prospective cross sectional study in 2010. This study includes 150 preterm neonates. Cranial ultrasound was performed in all neonates in age 3, 7, 30, 60, just after pneumothorax and every 2 week until chest tube discontinuation. Then prevalence of IVH and pneumothorax was calculated in preterm infant and severity of IVH was investigated before and after development of pneumothorax, and this comparison was divided by different causes of pneumothorax with SPSS version 11.5. Prevalence of IVH and pneumothorax in preterm infants were 30% and 10% respectively. Pneumothorax was not a risk factor of IVH (P>0.05), but prevalence of pneumothorax caused by RDS was a risk factor of development of IVH (P=0.01). Also pneumothorax in patients with birth weight less than 1000 g and gestational age less than 28 week was a risk factor of IVH pneumothorax (P=0.008, P=0.01 respectively). Our study discusses the differences in previous studies about association of pneumothorax and IVH. Also we suggest the hypothesis that lack of cerebral autoregulation in neonates with gestational age less than 28 week can cause IVH development after hypotension induces by pneumothorax

Comparison between BMI and Inverted BMI in Evaluating Metabolic Risk and Body Composition in Iranian Children

Objectives: To compare BMI and inverted BMI in evaluating body measurement, resting blood pressure, Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) parameters of fat mass and metabolic risk factors in Iranian children Materials and Methods: This is a cross-sectional study on 477 children aged 9-18 yearsin the South of Iran. Weight, height, resting blood pressure, waist and hip circumference and pubertal stage of all participants was measured with standard methods. DEXA was used to determine body composition index. Blood samples were checked for serum lipid profiles and fasting blood sugar (FBS). Metabolic risk score (MRS) was calculated by the summation of the Z-scores for TC, TG/HDL, LDL, systolic blood pressure, and waist circumference minus HDL Z-score. Results: BMI did not have a normal distribution in our participants but iBMI had a normal distribution. IBMI had more significant correlation with waist to hip ratio and systolic blood pressure (r2=0.053 and r2=0.182) than BMI (r2=0.041 and r2=0.101). MRS had a positive correlation with BMI (