Environmental migration governance at regional level

This chapter sheds light on the role of regional migration regimes in addressing the following questions: What is the role of regional frameworks in migration governance and how far have regional frameworks taken up the issue of environmentally induced migration? What is the relationship between regional, national and international governance? These questions are answred from a political scientist and legal perspective. The paper argues that the effects of climate change and environmental disaster on cross-border displacement are already felt, and they will affect predominantly countries of the same region in the coming years. Individual states are not full-equipped to protect persons affected by environmental changes and to deal with these phenomena a significant dynamism is developing at the regional level with the elaboration of specific instruments and policies. In the first part, the chapter will introduce such regional initiatives to identify domestic and international drivers behind their emergence and then it will zoom on the current development in Central America. In particular, by analyzing the current discussion of the RCM Guide to effective Practices for RCM Member Countries to understand the potential of this emerging approach in particular, the role of humanitarian temporary mechanisms, implemented at domestic level

A l’envers: Setting the Stage for a Protective Environment to Deal with ‘Climate Refugees’ in Europe

The inventory of climate-related disasters is emblematic of the increasing impact of climate change and the concomitant rise in climate migration risk. It is becoming clear that, in the words of Ban Ki-moon, “no country or city—rich or poor—is immune”. At the same time, the design of normative measures is undergoing a radical redefinition, towards assuming a “preventive” role dictated by the imminent need to give a legal meaning to the uncertainty of this new epoch. The article starts from the recent adoption by the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe of a resolution on “A legal status for ‘climate refugees’” to explore the potential role an anticipatory approach may play in shaping disaster-affected mobility regimes. It is timely to reflect on its legal implications by discussing emerging practices and the challenges of a normative evolution, that even if fragile, can be understood as part of an effort to reframe the international legal order towards balancing sovereign and common concerns. By considering Italy’s contribution to the debate, the article sheds light on the role of domestic actors, such as courts and local authorities, as agents for legal development in multilevel environmental migration governance

Regional migration governance and social protection of migrant workers

Families are actors and drivers in migration and refugee crises. However, the current protection frameworks privilege the individual over the family unit. Consequently, the stories of families in migration have remained under-researched and their challenges under-addressed. This volume explores the interplay between family, separation, and migration in the Middle East, West Africa, Southeast Asia, Europe, and Latin America, and in the context of the 2015 global refugee crisis. Guiding it are two questions: How do family, migration, and separation play out across geographical, political, and historical contexts? And what are the gaps in the protection of migrants and their families? Thirteen authors – academics and practitioners – discuss the international protection for refugees, migration governance, child mobility, disability and immigration, human trafficking, and dilemmas in refugee reporting. The book proposes a paradigm shift in the way we cater to the needs and aspirations of families on the move. Its authors offer evidence-based solutions that cut across polarized discussions on migration and refugees. As such, the volume is aimed at researchers, students, policymakers, and experts working in international relations, migration, human rights, and refugee protection

Per la nostra vita pubblica

Dalla Convenzione sui diritti politici delle donne ai target dell'Agenda2030, gli avanzamenti normativi a livello internazionale non hanno ancora colmato il gap di potere che impatta sulla partecipazione femminile alla vita pubblica. Servono altri 130 anni per raggiungere la parità

Innovation, Digitalization and Skills Development for the Implementation of Objective 18

Objective 18 of the Global Compact for Safe, Orderly and Regular Migration (GCM) aims to foster the mutual recognition of qualifications, competences and skills, as well as to promote demand-driven skills development and ensure decent work for labour migrants. We offer a concise overview of reports submitted by States during the first meeting to review the Compact in the UNECE (United Nations Economic Commission for Europe) region, which took place in November 2020. Fifty-six countries (in Europe, North America, the Caucasus, Central Asia and Western Asia) were invited to highlight specific measures developed for implementing Objective 18 of the GCM. Objective 18 has been addressed by 16 states, namely Albania, Belarus, Belgium, Germany, Ireland, Kazakhstan, Malta, Moldova, North Macedonia, Portugal, Serbia, Spain, Sweden, Turkey, the UK and Uzbekistan

La parità di genere nell’emergenza: un’analisi del carattere democratico-rappresentativo delle “task forces” alla luce del diritto internazionale

L'intero processo di istituzionalizzazione imposto in risposta al COVID-19 ha visto un coinvolgimento minimo delle donne nell’ambito delle istituzioni internazionali e nazionali, come quelle “tecno-scientifiche”, create dagli Stati membri per far fronte alla pandemia. Scopo principale della nostra analisi è condurre un'indagine sulla formazione di questi organismi istituzionali in Italia per capire come interferiscano con l'esercizio dei “diritti partecipativi” garantiti dalla Convenzione sull'eliminazione di ogni forma di discriminazione nei confronti delle donne. L’esame ci fornirà lo spunto per condurre un “reality check” sulle reazioni istituzionali all’emergenza al fine di comprendere come intervenire sia formalmente sia informalmente per influenzare quei meccanismi che continuano ad ostacolare l'accesso delle donne alla partecipazione politica

Adaptive migration: pluralising the debate on climate change and migration

The interaction between environmental change and human mobility is attracting global attention, both in policy circles and in the contemporary literature. This introductory essay proposes using the concept of pluralism to explore the multi-dimensional relationship between climate change and migration and to advance new perspectives and concepts to interpret the emerging theory of adaptive migration. The papers included in this themed section cover diverse issues in this area of research by focusing on the contemporary debate about the ‘migration-as-adaptation strategy’. The papers address six key areas: the role of law in dealing with climate-induced migration, the category of place related to the community of origin and destination, the theme of climate justice and rights, the contribution of international organisations in framing the migration-as-adaptation strategy, adaptive measures developed in the Maldives, and seasonal nomadism in the East Sudan. All are quite different, but all converge in their emphasis on the role of the individual, the migrant, and on whether and how state responses are adequate in the progressive concordance between adaptation and individual capability. This introduction raises a set of salient questions that might catalyse multiple new research trajectories over the coming years

GCM Indicators: Objective 2: Minimize the adverse drivers and structural factors that compel people to leave their country of origin

This post forms part of a series of blog posts examining the implementation of the Global Compact for Safe, Orderly and Regular Migration

Donne al centro della ripartenza

Contrariamente a quanto sembrano suggerire le statistiche, non ci sono dati certi che supportino l’ipotesi che le donne siano state meno colpite degli uomini dal virus Covid19. Il dato statistico, vero, secondo cui le vittime del virus fossero principalmente uomini anziani con patologie pregresse ha alimentato l’erronea – o, almeno, non del tutto corretta – convinzione che le donne e i bambini sarebbero stati meno colpiti dalla malattia. In realtà, i dati devono sempre essere interpretati e letti alla luce di un determinato contesto, altrimenti la loro interpretazione può risultare fuorviante

Framing Labour Mobility, Investment Migration and Development Cooperation as Emerging Strategies to Implement Objectives 2 and 5 of the GCM

Objectives 2 and 5 of the Global Compact for Safe, Orderly and Regular Migration (GCM) aim at minimizing the adverse drivers and structural factors that compel people to leave their country of origin (objective 2) and at enhancing availability and flexibility of pathways for regular migration (objective 5), respectively; several actions are listed in order to support the implementation of the relevant commitments. Objectives 2 and 5 include separate but strictly interconnected goals: on the one hand, minimizing the adverse drivers and structural factors of migration can enhance regular migration flows (as specified in para 18 of the GCM, “desperation and deteriorating environments” can lead to “irregular migration”); on the other hand, “identify, develop and strengthen solutions for migrants compelled to leave their countries of origin owing to slow-onset natural disasters, the adverse effects of climate change, and environmental degradation” is one of the express actions for realizing the goals of objective 5 (para. 21, let. h) of the GCM