Evaluation on prognostic efficacy of lymph nodes ratio (LNR) and log odds of positive lymph nodes (LODDS) in complicated colon cancer: The first study in emergency surgery

Background: Lymph node involvement is one of the most important prognostic factors in colon cancer. Twelve is considered the minimum number of lymph nodes necessary to retain reliable tumour staging, but several factors can potentially influence the lymph node harvesting. Emergent surgery for complicated colon cancer (perforation, occlusion, bleeding) could represent an obstacle to reach the benchmark of 12 nodes with an accurate lymphadenectomy. So, an efficient classification system of lymphatic involvement is crucial to define the prognosis, the indication to adjuvant therapy and the follow-up. This is the first study with the aim to evaluate the efficacy of lymph nodes ratio (LNR) and log odds of positive lymph nodes (LODDS) in the prognostic assessment of patients who undergo to urgent surgery for complicated colonic cancer. Methods: This is a retrospective study carried out on patients who underwent urgent colonic resection for complicated cancer (occlusion, perforation, bleeding, sepsis). We collected clinical, pathological and follow-up data of 320 patients. Two hundred two patients met the inclusion criteria and were distributed into three groups according to parameter N of TNM, LNR and LODDS. Survival analysis was performed by Kaplan-Meier curves, investigating both overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS). Results: The median number of harvested lymph nodes was 17. In 78.71% (n = 159) of cases, at least 12 lymph nodes were examined. Regarding OS, significant differences from survival curves emerged for ASA score, surgical indication, tumour grading, T parameter, tumour stage, N parameter, LNR and LODDS. In multivariate analysis, only LODDS was found to be an independent prognostic factor. Concerning DFS, we found significant differences between survival curves of sex, surgical indication, T parameter, tumour stage, N parameter, LNR and LODDS, but none of these confirmed its prognostic power in multivariate analysis. Conclusions: We found that N, LNR and LODDS are all related to 5-year OS and DFS with statistical significance, but only LODDS was found to be an independent prognostic factor for OS in multivariate analysis

Ill-lighting syndrome: prevalence in shift-work personnel in the anaesthesiology and intensive care department of three Italian hospitals

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Light is one of the most important factors in our interaction with the environment; it is indispensable to visual function and neuroendocrine regulation, and is essential to our emotional perception and evaluation of the environment. Previous studies have focussed on the effects of prolonged anomalous exposure to artificial light and, in the field of work-related illness. Studies have been carried out on shift-work personnel, who are obliged to experience alterations in the physiological alternation of day and night, with anomalous exposure to light stimuli in hours normally reserved for sleep. In order to identify any signs and symptoms of the so-called ill-lighting syndrome, we carried out a study on a sample of anaesthesiologists and nurses employed in the operating theatres and Intensive Care Departments of three Italian hospitals. We measured the subjective emotional discomfort (stress) experienced by these subjects, and its correlation with environmental discomfort factors, in particular the level of lighting, in their workplace.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>We used a questionnaire developed by the Scandinavian teams who investigated Sick-Building Syndrome, that was self-administered on one day in the environments where the degree of illumination was measured according to UNIEN12464-1 regulations.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Upon comparison of the types of exposure with the horizontal luminance values (lux) measured (< 700 lux, between 1000–1500 lux, > 1500 lux) and the degree of stress reported, (Intensive Care: mean stress = 55.8%, high stress = 34.6%; Operating Theatres: mean stress = 51.5%, high stress = 33.8%), it can be observed that the percentage of high stress was reduced as the exposure to luminance was increased, although this finding was not statistically significant.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>We cannot share other authors' enthusiasm regarding the effects on workers well-being correlated to the use of fluorescent lighting. The stress level of our workers was found to be more heavily influenced by their familial and working conditions, irrespective of the ambient light stimulus.</p

Impatto economico correlato alla gestione di pazienti nefropatici con diagnosi di sepsi in ambiente ospedaliero

Introduzione: La sepsi è diventata negli ultimi decenni una vera emergenza medica, associata ad una mortalità elevata; necessita spesso di ricovero in ambito ospedaliero intensivistico, determinando elevati costi di gestione dei pazienti. A causa di una serie di fattori clinici (utilizzo di cateteri, terapie immunosoppressive, comorbilità, etc.) un numero sempre maggiore di pazienti nefropatici contraggono una sepsi e vengono trattati all’interno di degenze nefrologiche e ciò compromette la capacità del meccanismo di rimborso da tariffario nazionale dei Diagnosis Related Groups (DRG) di remunerare gli inevitabili costi aggiuntivi. Lo scopo principale di questo studio è quello di valutare i costi della sepsi nel caso di una singola Unità Operativa di Nefrologia e, secondariamente, rilevare il tasso di mortalità dei pazienti settici in ambito nefrologico. Metodi: È stato condotto uno studio retrospettivo con riferimento alla coorte dei pazienti ricoverati in una degenza nefrologica nel 2017. I pazienti sono stati divisi in due gruppi: quelli che hanno contratto la sepsi e quelli che invece non l’hanno contratta, questi ultimi considerati come gruppo controllo. Sono stati raccolti dati anagrafici, ematochimici, clinici e terapeutici del campione mediante la scheda aziendale “Sepsi”. I pazienti settici sono stati rilevati utilizzando le Schede di Dimissione Ospedaliera (SDO). Il costo relativo ad un ricovero per sepsi è stato ottenuto dalla somma di: (1) il costo medio di una giornata di degenza moltiplicato per il numero complessivo di giornate di degenza consumate; (2) il costo specifico del trattamento antibiotico eseguito in corso di degenza, rilevato direttamente dalla documentazione clinica. Risultati: Su 408 pazienti arruolati, 61 sono risultati con sepsi. Il costo medio complessivo pro-capite del ricovero di un paziente con sepsi in Nefrologia ammontava a 23.087,57 €; esso era costituito dal costo medio totale del ricovero per questa tipologia di paziente (19.364,98 €) e dal costo medio totale ponderato pro-capite della antibiotico terapia (3.722,60 €). Il tasso di mortalità è risultato pari al 41,7%, con una mortalità addizionale del 312%. Conclusioni: Un paziente nefropatico con sepsi aveva un costo totale di 23.087,57 €, pari quasi al triplo di un analogo paziente senza sepsi (9.290,79 €) ricoverato in Nefrologia. Le cause principali di questo discostamento erano dovute alla degenza media più lunga di 8,7 giorni e ai costi medi giornalieri pro-capite elevati della terapia antibiotica (221,24 €). Sono necessari ulteriori studi multicentrici nazionali per un’analisi più ampia dei costi aggiuntivi e per favorire l’adeguamento del corrispettivo tariffario di rimborso DRG della sepsi, attualmente applicabile principalmente in ambito intensivistico

Thyroid disrupting effects of low-dose dibenzothiophene and cadmium in single or concurrent exposure: new evidence from a translational zebrafish model

Thyroid hormones (THs) are major regulators of biological processes essential for correct development and energy homeostasis. Although thyroid disruptors can deeply affect human health, the impact of exogenous chemicals and in particular mixture of chemicals on different aspects of thyroid development and metabolism is not yet fully understood. In this study we have used the highly versatile zebrafish model to assess the thyroid axis disrupting effects of cadmium (Cd) and dibenzothiophene (DBT), two environmental endocrine disruptors found to be significantly correlated in epidemiological co-exposure studies. Zebrafish embryos (5hpf) were exposed to low concentrations of Cd (from 0.05 to 2 μM) and DBT (from 0.05 to 1 μM) and to mixtures of them. A multilevel assessment of the pollutant effects has been obtained by combining in vivo morphological analyses allowed by the use of transgenic fluorescent lines with liquid chromatography mass spectrometry determination of TH levels and quantification of the expression levels of key genes involved in the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Thyroid Axis (HPTA) and TH metabolism. Our results underscore for the first time an important synergistic toxic effect of these pollutants on embryonic development and thyroid morphology highlighting differences in the mechanisms through which they can adversely impact on multiple physiological processes of the HPTA and TH disposal influencing also heart geometry and function