Comparison of liver function status between home treated and hospital treated SARS-CoV-2 survivors

Background: SARS-CoV-2 has emerged as one of the greatest challenges faced by the world. There is association of liver injury with SARS-CoV-2 infection indicated by abnormal ALT levels accompanied by altered bilirubin level in blood. The aim of the study was to evaluate the quantitative difference of serum ALT and bilirubin level in home and hospital treated patients.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, from July 2020 to June 2021. After infection most of the patients with mild symptoms were treated at home but patients with difficulty in breathing and various complications were treated at the hospital. Due to SARS-CoV-2 infection certain derangement of liver enzymes were noticed.Results: This study was planned to evaluate the changes of liver enzymes (ALT) and serum bilirubin after the recovery of SARS-CoV-2 infected patients. The aim of the study was to compare the derangement of serum bilirubin and ALT in home and hospital treated patients.Conclusions: There was no significant difference regarding liver function between these two groups

Waist-to-height ratio as index of cardiometabolic risk among the doctors

The aim of this study was to see the cardiometabolic risk among doctors using waist-to-height ratio index as tool. Cardiometabolic risk is an umbrella term that includes all the risk factors of diabetes and cardiovascular disease. The study was conducted among 195 doctors. According to waist-to-height ratio index 167 (85.6%) doctors had cardiometabolic risk. Waist-to-height ratio index was found good (area under the curve >0.5, sensitivity 88.1%, specificity 23.2%, positive predictive value 53.9%, and negative predictive value 66.7%) for their predictive value of cardiometabolic risk. Age grouping was done and found that no age group was free from cardiometabolic risk

Antibody level against COVID-19 among the vaccinated infected and non-infected doctors by SARS-COV-2: A Comparative study

Introduction: A novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV or SARS-CoV-2) emerged at the end of 2019 in Wuhan, Hubei province, China named as COVID-19. IgM, the first antibody produced by the body, is generated gradually 1 week after symptom onset and declines by 4 weeks after the COVID infection. In this background, the antibody response was observed in vaccinated (by Oxford-AstraZeneca) doctors of SSMC(Sir Salimullah Medical College) with or without previous COVID-19 infection. Methodology: This cross-sectional analytical study was conducted in the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology at SSMC and BSMMU. A total of 70 doctors of SSMC aged 25-59 years were enrolled according to inclusion criteria. Among them 35 vaccinated doctors were previously infected by SARS-CoV-2 regarded as group A and another vaccinated 35 doctors were non-infected regarded as group B. Collected data was analyzed by Statistical Package for Social Science 26 (SPSS 26). The data were expressed as frequency and percentage, mean ± SD for normally distributed data or median (inter-quartile rage) for data not normally distributed. Mann-Whitney test was done to compare IgG status between vaccinated SARS-CoV-2 infected and non-infected individuals. Result: There was significantly higher level of antibodies (serum IgG level) present in fully vaccinated doctors with previous SARS-CoV-2 infection than in only vaccinated doctors without prior infection

Waist-to-height ratio as index of cardiometabolic risk among the doctors

The aim of this study was to see the cardiometabolic risk among doctors using waist-to-height ratio index as tool. Cardiometabolic risk is an umbrella term that includes all the risk factors of diabetes and cardiovascular disease. The study was conducted among 195 doctors. According to waist-to-height ratio index 167 (85.6%) doctors had cardiometabolic risk. Waist-to-height ratio index was found good (area under the curve >0.5, sensitivity 88.1%, specificity 23.2%, positive predictive value 53.9%, and negative predictive value 66.7%) for their predictive value of cardiometabolic risk. Age grouping was done and found that no age group was free from cardiometabolic risk

Serum Lipids and Diabetic Retinopathy in Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetic Subjects

Background: Diabetic retinopathy is the commonest and usually the first observable vascular complication of diabetes mellitus. Along with hyperglycaemia, dyslipidaemia is a contributing factor for the occurrence of diabetic retinopathy. It is postulated that dyslipidaemia results in formation of hard exudate by increasing blood viscosity and altering the fibrinolytic system. A case control study was carried out in the department of Biochemistry, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka during the period of January 2006 to December 2007 to evaluate the serum lipid profile in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic subjects with diabetic retinopathy. Materials and Methods: Total 85 newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic subjects were included in this study, 40 were cases having retinopathy and 45 were age and sex matched controls without retinopathy. Serum triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were compared between cases and controls. Unpaired t-test and chi-square test were done between groups as tests of significance. Results: All the parameters of lipid profile showed dyslipidaemic trend both in cases and controls. In the cases TG was significantly higher and HDL-C was significantly lower than that of controls (p < 0.05) whereas no significant difference was found between cases and controls with respect to serum TC and LDL-C. Conclusion: It can be concluded that high TG and low HDL-C are associated with diabetic retinopathy in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes

Association of serum vitamin D3 with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus

Vitamin D has an important role and supposed to be a risk factor in the development of pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus by affecting either insulin sensitivity or β-cell function, or both. The present study was conducted to evaluate the relation of serum vitamin D3  and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Total 80 individuals were enrolled in this study. Forty newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic individual were enrolled as cases and 40 healthy glucose tolerant subjects were enrolled as controls. Serum vitamin D3 was measured by chemiluminescence microparticle immunoassay. Fasting and 2 hours plasma glucose level were measured by hexokinase method using the Dimension clinical chemistry system. The mean serum vitamin D3 level was significantly low in type 2 diabetes mellitus than in controls (p= 0,007). The individual with vitamin D3 deficiency showed 3.4 times higher chances to develop type 2 diabetes mellitus compare to the individual with normal vitamin D status. Correlation test showed significant (r= -0.351) negative correlation (p=0.026)  between serum vitamin D3 and type 2 diabetes mellitus. It can be concluded that vitamin D3 deficiency is related to type 2 diabetes mellitus

Serum Creatinine and Uric Acid Levels in Hypothyroid Patients: A Cross Sectional Study

Background: Hypothyroidism is associated with many biochemical abnormalities including increased serum creatinine and uric acid levels. Many studies were done abroad regarding serum creatinine and uric acid levels in hypothyroid patients. We designed this study in our population for evaluation of serum creatinine and uric acid levels in hypothyroid patients.Objective: To assess serum creatinine and uric acid levels in hypothyroid patients and to find out relationship of creatinine and uric acid levels with severity of hypothyroidism.Materials and Methods: This retrospective cross sectional study to evaluate the serum creatinine and uric acid levels of hypothyroid patients and to find out relationship of hyperuricemia and hypercreatininemia with severity of hypothyroidism was done in the department of Biochemistry, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka. Results were compared with that of age and sex matched healthy euthyroid controls. Statistical analyses were performed by using SPSS for Windows version 10.0. ANOVA and unpaired ‘t’ tests were done to see the significance among the groups and between groups respectively. Pearson’s correlation coefficient test was done to see the correlation of serum creatinine and uric acid levels with the severity of hypothyroidism.Results: Mean serum creatinine and uric acid levels in cases were 1.38 ± 0.53 and 7.00 ± 2.54 mg/dL respectively compared to 1.01 ± 0.17 and 5.21 ± 1.35 mg/dL in controls.Conclusion: Mean serum creatinine and uric acid levels were found significantly higher in hypothyroid patients compared to controls. These findings suggest that hyperuricemia and hypercreatininemia are associated with hypothyroidism. Therefore, patients presenting with these biochemical abnormalities are recommended to be investigated to explore hypothyroidism

Study of phases of insulin secretion in pre-diabetes and newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus

Background: Insulin is released from the pancreas in a biphasic manner in response to arterial glucose concentration. The assumption has been generally made that the 30-minute response reflected first-phase insulin release, whereas the 120-minute response reflected second-phase insulin release.Objectives: The aim of this study was to identify the defect in first and second phases of insulin secretion in pre-diabetes and newly diagnosed T2DM.Methods: This case-control study was conducted in the department of Biochemistry, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Shahbag, Dhaka from March 2013 to June 2014. All the study subjects (n = 94) were collected from the one point centre, BSMMU as newly diagnosed T2DM, pre-diabetes and healthy normal glucose tolerant subjects according to fasting plasma glucose and 2 hour plasma glucose status. A total of 32 newly diagnosed T2DM and 32 pre-diabetes were included on the basis of inclusion criteria as cases. Another 30 healthy normal glucose tolerant subjects were emolled as control. Fasting blood samples were collected from study subjects to estimate the plasma glucose and insulin level. Again blood samples were taken for measurement of plasma glucose and insulin level at 30 minute and 120 minute on OGTT.Results: Fasting plasma insulin was significantly higher in pre-diabetes than control and T2DM (p = 0.011). Plasma insulin at 30 minute and 120 minute of OGTT were significantly lower in T2DM than control and pre- diabetes (p = 0.001 &amp; 0.016). The insulin secretion in first and second phases were significantly lower in T2DM patients than controls and pre-diabetes (p = 0.000). Beta-cell function was also significantly lower in T2DM than controls and pre-diabetes (p = 0.000). Median values of HOMA-IR were higher in pre-diabetes (1.68) and T2DM (1.53) than control (1.37), but not statistically significant (p = 0.153). There was significant positive correlation of both phases of insulin secretion with FPI, beta-cell function and insulin resistance in T2DM, pre-diabetes and controls.Conclusions: The study reveals that 1st and 2nd phase insulin secretory defect was detected in T2DM, but in pre-diabetes, we have failed to identify insulin secretory defects in both phases

Study of phases of insulin secretion in pre-diabetes and newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus

Background: Insulin is released from the pancreas in a biphasic manner in response to arterial glucose concentration. The assumption has been generally made that the 30-minute response reflected first-phase insulin release, whereas the 120-minute response reflected second-phase insulin release. Objectives: The aim of this study was to identify the defect in first and second phases of insulin secretion in pre-diabetes and newly diagnosed T2DM. Methods: This case-control study was conducted in the department of Biochemistry, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Shahbag, Dhaka from March 2013 to June 2014. All the study subjects (n = 94) were collected from the one point centre, BSMMU as newly diagnosed T2DM, pre-diabetes and healthy normal glucose tolerant subjects according to fasting plasma glucose and 2 hour plasma glucose status. A total of 32 newly diagnosed T2DM and 32 pre-diabetes were included on the basis of inclusion criteria as cases. Another 30 healthy normal glucose tolerant subjects were emolled as control. Fasting blood samples were collected from study subjects to estimate the plasma glucose and insulin level. Again blood samples were taken for measurement of plasma glucose and insulin level at 30 minute and 120 minute on OGTT. Results: Fasting plasma insulin was significantly higher in pre-diabetes than control and T2DM (p = 0.011). Plasma insulin at 30 minute and 120 minute of OGTT were significantly lower in T2DM than control and pre- diabetes (p = 0.001 & 0.016). The insulin secretion in first and second phases were significantly lower in T2DM patients than controls and pre-diabetes (p = 0.000). Beta-cell function was also significantly lower in T2DM than controls and pre-diabetes (p = 0.000). Median values of HOMA-IR were higher in pre-diabetes (1.68) and T2DM (1.53) than control (1.37), but not statistically significant (p = 0.153). There was significant positive correlation of both phases of insulin secretion with FPI, beta-cell function and insulin resistance in T2DM, pre-diabetes and controls. Conclusions: The study reveals that 1st and 2nd phase insulin secretory defect was detected in T2DM, but in pre-diabetes, we have failed to identify insulin secretory defects in both phases

Lipid Profile and Atherogenic Index of Plasma (AIP) in Vegetarians

Background: Diet deficient in fresh fruits and vegetables are associated with an increased risk of coronary diseases. Low levels of vitamin C, vitamin E and other antioxidants may enhance the production of oxidized LDL and are important independent risk factors for coronary disease. Objective: To make a comparative evaluation of lipid profile and atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) between vegetarians and nonvegetarians. Materials and Methods: This case-control study was carried out in the Department of Biochemistry of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka between July 2011 to June 2012. Vegetarian and nonvegetarian subjects of male sex were the study population. Vegetarians were considered as cases while nonvegetarians as controls. After proper ethical consideration a total of 30 vegetarians and 40 nonvegetarians were consecutively included in the study based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Laboratory investigations were done in the Department of Biochemistry, BSMMU, Dhaka. Results: The vegetarians had significantly lower total cholesterol and LDLcholesterol than the nonvegetarians (p=0.000 and p=0.000 respectively). Serum HDL cholesterol was also lower among the vegetarians (p=0.002) and triglycerides were almost identical in both the groups (p=0.272). Conclusion: The study reveals lower level of total cholesterol, LDLcholesterol and HDL-cholesterol in vegetarians. No difference regarding triglycerides and AIP was found between the groups. So, the findings of this study do not indicate any superiority of vegetarian diet in control and prevention of cardiac diseases