Retaining Generation X\u27ers in a Baby Boomer Firm

I am going to introduce you to Generation X. Who are they? How do they view the world? What are some of their characteristics? And finally, how does one interact, work with, and retain them

Just Because I Am A “Student” Does Not Mean I Should Tolerate It: Students’ Perspectives of Forum Theatre to address Bullying In Nursing Education

The authors of this paper developed a CRAB (Cognitive Rehearsal to Address Bullying) Workshop, using Forum Theatre as an innovative pedagogical approach to explore the overly prevalent issue of bullying in nursing education. We designed two open-ended descriptive written surveys to obtain feedback from students on the efficacy of the workshop with respect to students’ ability to address bullying, and with respect to their capacity to engage in related embodied learning through Forum Theatre. We collected survey data at two points in time; 1) following a workshop during students’ first year in the program and 2) following a workshop during students’ final term in the program. We identified three overarching themes from the surveys: 1) The Socio-Political Context; 2) Psychological Safety; and 3) Ways of Learning. We developed each of these themes by creating, expanding, and collapsing our collective interpretation of the data. The majority of the student feedback we collected was positive. In this paper we describe the survey-based study, discuss our analysis of findings, and highlight students’ voices through verbatim quotes. In closing, we offer recommendations and questions for nurse educators and academic leaders to consider. Résumé Les auteures de cet article ont développé un atelier CRAB (Cognitive Rehearsal to Address Bullying; la répétition cognitive pour lutter contre l’intimidation), utilisant le théâtre-forum comme approche pédagogique novatrice pour explorer le problème trop répandu de l’intimidation dans la formation en sciences infirmières. Nous avons développé deux sondages écrits descriptifs avec questions ouvertes afin d’obtenir les commentaires des étudiantes sur l’efficacité de l’atelier en ce qui concerne leur capacité à répondre à l’intimidation et à s’engager dans un apprentissage incarné connexe par le biais du théâtre-forum. Les données du sondage furent obtenues à deux moments: 1) à la suite d’un atelier offert au cours de la première année du programme; et, 2) à la suite d’un atelier offert lors du dernier trimestre des étudiantes au programme. L’analyse des données a permis d’identifier trois thèmes principaux : le contexte sociopolitique, la sécurité psychologique et les modes d’apprentissage. Nous avons élaboré chacun de ces thèmes en créant, approfondissant et regroupant notre interprétation collective des données. La majorité des commentaires des étudiantes que nous avons recueillis étaient positifs. Dans cet article, nous décrivons l’étude basée sur un sondage, discutons de notre analyse des résultats et mettons en évidence les voix des étudiantes par des citations textuelles. Pour conclure, nous formulons des recommandations et des questions pour les infirmières formatrices et les leaders universitaires

The CRAB Workshop: Using Forum Theatre and Cognitive Rehearsal to Address Bullying in Nursing Education

Bullying is a pervasive issue in nursing and other health care professional programs. As a student/faculty team at one university in Western Canada, we have created a number of initiatives within an overall project entitled Cognitive Rehearsal to Address Bullying (CRAB) that was designed to support students in managing bullying if they witnessed or experienced it during their program of study. One such initiative is the CRAB Workshop (herein referred to as “the CRAB Workshop” or “the Workshop”). In this paper, we describe the Workshop, which emerged in response to concerns shared by students and faculty regarding the normalized and long-standing prevalence of bullying experienced by nursing students. The Workshop brought faculty members and pre-licensure students from our School of Nursing together to creatively and collaboratively address these concerns. Together with the university’s Department of Theatre and Film, we designed an interactive educational workshop to prepare nursing students to independently identify and act on bullying witnessed or experienced in the clinical setting. In the Workshop, we engaged in forum theatre and cognitive rehearsal to foster cognitive, affective, and embodied learning. In this paper, we explain and discuss what comprised the creation and implementation of the CRAB Workshop. We address implications for future nursing education, and we offer recommendations for educators who are considering forum theatre and cognitive rehearsal as pedagogies for addressing challenging situations, such as bullying in nursing education. Résumé L’intimidation est un problème récurrent en sciences infirmières et au sein d’autres programmes des professionnels de la santé. Notre équipe d’étudiantes et de membres du corps professoral d’une université de l’Ouest canadien a créé plusieurs initiatives dans le cadre d’un projet global intitulé Cognitive Rehearsal to Address Bullying (CRAB) [Répétition cognitive pour contrer l’intimidation] en vue d’aider les étudiantes à gérer les situations d’intimidation dont elles sont témoins ou victimes au cours de leur programme d’études. L’une de ces initiatives est l’atelier CRAB (ci-après désigné sous le nom de « l’Atelier CRAB » ou « l’Atelier »). Dans cet article, nous décrivons l’Atelier, qui a vu le jour en raison des préoccupations que partageaient les étudiantes et les membres du corps professoral concernant l’intimidation très fréquente dont les étudiantes en sciences infirmières sont victimes. L’Atelier a permis de réunir des membres du corps professoral et des étudiantes de notre école de sciences infirmières n’ayant pas encore obtenu leur permis d’exercice afin de régler ce problème de façon créative et collaborative. Avec l’aide du département de théâtre et de cinéma de l’université, nous avons conçu un atelier interactif de formation pour préparer les étudiantes en sciences infirmières à identifier de façon indépendante les situations d’intimidation en milieu clinique et à intervenir. Nous avons opté pour le théâtre-discussion et la répétition cognitive pour favoriser un apprentissage cognitif, affectif et intégré physiquement. Dans cet article, nous expliquons comment nous avons créé et mis en œuvre l’Atelier CRAB. Nous examinons les retombées pour l’avenir de la formation en sciences infirmières et formulons des recommandations à l’intention des membres du corps professoral qui envisagent le théâtre-discussion et la répétition cognitive comme pédagogies pour remédier aux situations problématiques, comme celles relatives à l’intimidation dans le domaine de la formation en sciences infirmières

31st Annual Meeting and Associated Programs of the Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer (SITC 2016) : part two

Background The immunological escape of tumors represents one of the main ob- stacles to the treatment of malignancies. The blockade of PD-1 or CTLA-4 receptors represented a milestone in the history of immunotherapy. However, immune checkpoint inhibitors seem to be effective in specific cohorts of patients. It has been proposed that their efficacy relies on the presence of an immunological response. Thus, we hypothesized that disruption of the PD-L1/PD-1 axis would synergize with our oncolytic vaccine platform PeptiCRAd. Methods We used murine B16OVA in vivo tumor models and flow cytometry analysis to investigate the immunological background. Results First, we found that high-burden B16OVA tumors were refractory to combination immunotherapy. However, with a more aggressive schedule, tumors with a lower burden were more susceptible to the combination of PeptiCRAd and PD-L1 blockade. The therapy signifi- cantly increased the median survival of mice (Fig. 7). Interestingly, the reduced growth of contralaterally injected B16F10 cells sug- gested the presence of a long lasting immunological memory also against non-targeted antigens. Concerning the functional state of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), we found that all the immune therapies would enhance the percentage of activated (PD-1pos TIM- 3neg) T lymphocytes and reduce the amount of exhausted (PD-1pos TIM-3pos) cells compared to placebo. As expected, we found that PeptiCRAd monotherapy could increase the number of antigen spe- cific CD8+ T cells compared to other treatments. However, only the combination with PD-L1 blockade could significantly increase the ra- tio between activated and exhausted pentamer positive cells (p= 0.0058), suggesting that by disrupting the PD-1/PD-L1 axis we could decrease the amount of dysfunctional antigen specific T cells. We ob- served that the anatomical location deeply influenced the state of CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes. In fact, TIM-3 expression was in- creased by 2 fold on TILs compared to splenic and lymphoid T cells. In the CD8+ compartment, the expression of PD-1 on the surface seemed to be restricted to the tumor micro-environment, while CD4 + T cells had a high expression of PD-1 also in lymphoid organs. Interestingly, we found that the levels of PD-1 were significantly higher on CD8+ T cells than on CD4+ T cells into the tumor micro- environment (p < 0.0001). Conclusions In conclusion, we demonstrated that the efficacy of immune check- point inhibitors might be strongly enhanced by their combination with cancer vaccines. PeptiCRAd was able to increase the number of antigen-specific T cells and PD-L1 blockade prevented their exhaus- tion, resulting in long-lasting immunological memory and increased median survival

Retaining Generation X\u27ers in a Baby Boomer Firm

I am going to introduce you to Generation X. Who are they? How do they view the world? What are some of their characteristics? And finally, how does one interact, work with, and retain them

Inclusive Teaching Methods Across the Curriculum: Academic ·Resource and Law Teachers Tie a Knot at the AALS

This article describes an educational journey of seven diverse law teachers, located in different parts of the country, at various stages of our careers, who, in the course of preparing a simple panel, found that we had created a truly rewarding experience of our own. We write with the conviction that we need to share what we learned from those four months of schoolwork and from the AALS program we eventually presented in January, 1997. As we reconstruct our collaboration on inclusive teaching methods and ponder where it is taking us, we find we worked through the following stages of progression. First, came the initial selection of the presenters: Assembling the Panel (part I). Second, a period of orientation and sizing up each other followed, where we shared our respective visions of how law and academic support teachers could join forces to promote inclusive teaching methods into the legal academy. We entered an adjustment-to-reality phase. Each of us critically reflected upon how our broad vision of collaboration might be at odds with the reality of our circumstances: Planning the Presentation (Part II). Third, we eventually sought both closure to our collaboration and commencement of a wider effort through a call to activism within the academic community; realizing our goal to make a positive difference for the AALS audience: The Presentation (Part III). Finally, we made future plans to bring legal education into the next millennium: Postscript (Part IV)