8 research outputs found
A Digital Neuromorphic Architecture Efficiently Facilitating Complex Synaptic Response Functions Applied to Liquid State Machines
Information in neural networks is represented as weighted connections, or
synapses, between neurons. This poses a problem as the primary computational
bottleneck for neural networks is the vector-matrix multiply when inputs are
multiplied by the neural network weights. Conventional processing architectures
are not well suited for simulating neural networks, often requiring large
amounts of energy and time. Additionally, synapses in biological neural
networks are not binary connections, but exhibit a nonlinear response function
as neurotransmitters are emitted and diffuse between neurons. Inspired by
neuroscience principles, we present a digital neuromorphic architecture, the
Spiking Temporal Processing Unit (STPU), capable of modeling arbitrary complex
synaptic response functions without requiring additional hardware components.
We consider the paradigm of spiking neurons with temporally coded information
as opposed to non-spiking rate coded neurons used in most neural networks. In
this paradigm we examine liquid state machines applied to speech recognition
and show how a liquid state machine with temporal dynamics maps onto the
STPU-demonstrating the flexibility and efficiency of the STPU for instantiating
neural algorithms.Comment: 8 pages, 4 Figures, Preprint of 2017 IJCN
''Intraventricular'' hemorrhage and cystic periventricular leukomalacia in preterm infants: how are they related?
Contains fulltext :
76138.pdf (publisher's version ) (Closed access)Intraventricular hemorrhage and cystic periventricular leukomalacia are often co-occurring characteristics of brain damage in preterm infants. Using data from 1016 infants born before 30 completed weeks' gestational age, we sought to clarify the relationship between severe intraventricular hemorrhage and cystic periventricular leukomalacia, with special emphasis on common antecedents and potential confounding. After comparing risk factors for intraventricular hemorrhage grades 1 through 4 and cystic periventricular leukomalacia, it appears the risk patterns for intraventricular hemorrhage grade 3, intraventricular hemorrhage grade 4, and cystic periventricular leukomalacia differ. The association between intraventricular hemorrhage grade 3 and cystic periventricular leukomalacia differs appreciably from the association between intraventricular hemorrhage grade 4 and cystic periventricular leukomalacia, supporting the notion that intraventricular hemorrhage grade 3 and intraventricular hemorrhage grade 4 are different entities. The presence of intraventricular hemorrhage grade 3 and intraventricular hemorrhage grade 4 increases the risk of cystic periventricular leukomalacia, even after adjusting for potential confounders. This raises the possibility that intraventricular hemorrhage grade 3 and intraventricular hemorrhage grade 4 cause cystic periventricular leukomalacia
A Plan for Play
This report is the fourth of a series from The All Party-Parliamentary Group on a Fit and Healthy Childhood and although it stands alone in its own right, is best considered in that context. The recommendations within it contribute to our vision of âwhole childâ health and wellbeing. âPlayâ itself requires definition and has been interpreted in many ways by many different people and organisations. In essence it is what children freely choose to do when their time and ability to act are entirely their own. It may be what a child chooses to do when they are not under the control, overt or implied, of an adult. Many people regard play as a âprocessâ rather than an outcome. It has no defined purpose or agenda other than what is in the mind of the child at that moment. In reality, there are levels of âadult controlâ depending on the situation, but what is most important is that no adult is at that moment, steering what is happening. Enablement of play through âlight touch and designâ is a particular skill, as is play supervision if it is to remain âplayâ rather than an adult-controlled activity of arguably less value