Patologías de la infraestructura vial del tramo variante La Romelia El Pollo, sector La Graciela (Dosquebradas)- glorieta de Mercasa (Pereira)

Son diversos los factores que afectan el comportamiento de los pavimentos y de las vías, entre ellos están las cargas impuestas por el tránsito, las condiciones ambientales a las cuales se encuentra sometida la estructura, el tipo de suelo o terreno de fundación, entre otros elementos que inciden en el deterioro y mal estado del material, lo que lo hace susceptible a diferentes daños como fisuras, baches, deformaciones, perdida de capas estructurales, daños superficiales y otros, es por ello que medir y registrar los deterioros estructurales que se presentan en las vías ayudan a consultar las posibles causas de los daños de manera puntal, y poder realizar de esta manera, una propuesta que desarrolle una investigación de tipo aplicativa, experimental y visual de pavimentos flexibles, puentes y estado de la señalización en la vía, teniendo en cuenta los lineamientos del manual de inspección visual de pavimentos flexibles y puentes de INVIAS así como el manual de señalización vial 2015, efectuando la identificación y clasificación correspondiente a cada uno de los tipos de patologías que se presentan en los distintos tramos del pavimento y su grado de severidad en los formatos establecidos para ello; para la realización en campo se debe de tener en cuenta un abscisado cada 100m, posteriormente se lleva a cabo la toma, y el registro de los datos señalizando las zonas ya evaluadas y haciendo su respectivo registro fotográfico nombrado con su abscisa correspondiente. Con esta inspección vial se establece un criterio para sugerir soluciones que faciliten el mejoramiento de un determinado tramo de la red vial de manera tal que se pueda obtener un plan de mejora que plasme las posibles causas que ocasionaron los daños o deterioros del pavimento, y de esta manera proceder a investigar los posibles procesos de reparación y mejora de la variante La Romelia-el pollo, en la cual a partir de lo investigado se determinó que se presentan condiciones favorables para el tránsito y circulación de la misma, ya que solo se presenta un área total de afectación de 369.82 m2 , lo que corresponde al 0.93% del área total inspeccionada, siendo la fisura en bloque la patología más representativa, de manera similar en el puente inspeccionado “Puente Otún” no se presentan daños significativos que representen un riesgo para la estructura, mientras que para la señalización horizontal hay deficiencia en cuanto a líneas de demarcación vial, y para el caso de señalización vertical ausencia y mal estado de señales SP, SR, SI, delineadores de curva horizontal y defensas metálicas.Several factors affect the behavior of pavements and roads, among them, are the loads imposed by traffic, the environmental conditions to which the structure is subjected, the type of soil or foundation terrain, among other elements. that affect the deterioration and poor condition of the material, which makes it susceptible to different damages such as cracks, potholes, deformations, loss of structural layers, surface damage, and others, that is why it is necessary to measure and record the structural deteriorations that occur in The roads help us to consult the possible causes of the damage in a specific way, and to be able to carry out in this way, a proposal that develops an application, experimental and visual investigation of flexible pavements, bridges and the state of the signaling on the road, taking into account the guidelines of the visual inspection manual of flexible pavements and bridges of INVIAS, carrying out the identification and classification ón corresponding to each of the visits made in the field of the types of pathologies that occur in the different sections of the pavement and their degree of severity in a format for the inspection of flexible pavement; to carry out it in the field, an abscissa must be taken into account every 100m, according to the study section, then the taking is carried out, and the data recording is carried out, marking the areas already evaluated and making their respective photographic record naming with their corresponding abscissa. With this road inspection, a criterion is established to suggest solutions that facilitate the improvement of a certain section of the road network in such a way that an improvement plan can be obtained that reflects the possible causes that caused the damage or deterioration of the pavement, and of In this way, proceed to investigate the possible repair and improvement processes of the La Romelia-el pollo variant, in which, based on what was investigated, it was determined that there are favorable conditions for its transit and circulation, since it only occurs a total affected area of 369.82 m2, which corresponds to 0.93% of the total inspected area, the block crack being the most representative pathology, similarly in the inspected bridge “Puente Otún” there are no significant damages that represent a risk for the structure, while for horizontal signage there is a deficiency in terms of road demarcation lines, and for the case of vertical signage the absence and poor condition of SP, SR, SI signals, horizontal curve delineators and metal fenders

La experiencia de formación en intervención terapéutica: reflexiones suscitadas durante el entrenamiento de la Especialización en Terapia Familiar de la Universidad Católica Luis Amigó

This paper establishes some reflections as result of a training exercise in the family therapeutic intervention carried out with families, during the first semester of the Family Therapy specialization program at Universidad Católica Luis Amigó. This exercise brings about meaning issues such as: the understanding of one´s self, communication as a possibility, the use of techniques and observation experiences in early sessions with families. The analysis of this training experience, is based on conceptual and life elements that are fundamental in family therapy that try influence the professional exercise under a systematic epistemology with a theoretical basis and a true reflective process.El presente artículo plantea reflexiones resultado de la experiencia de entrenamiento en intervención terapéutica con familias, llevada a cabo durante el primer semestre de formación como especialistas en terapia familiar de la Universidad Católica Luis Amigó. En el ejercicio se identifican asuntos significativos como la comprensión del sí mismo (self), la comunicación como posibilidad, el uso de técnicas y la experiencia de observación en las primeras sesiones con familias. Al plantear reflexiones suscitadas durante la práctica de entrenamiento, se retoman elementos conceptuales y vivenciales que articulados se consideran eje central del terapeuta familiar que busca conducir el ejercicio profesional bajo una epistemología sistémica con asiento conceptual y un verdadero proceso reflexivo

MUSiC : a model-unspecific search for new physics in proton-proton collisions at root s=13TeV

Results of the Model Unspecific Search in CMS (MUSiC), using proton-proton collision data recorded at the LHC at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb(-1), are presented. The MUSiC analysis searches for anomalies that could be signatures of physics beyond the standard model. The analysis is based on the comparison of observed data with the standard model prediction, as determined from simulation, in several hundred final states and multiple kinematic distributions. Events containing at least one electron or muon are classified based on their final state topology, and an automated search algorithm surveys the observed data for deviations from the prediction. The sensitivity of the search is validated using multiple methods. No significant deviations from the predictions have been observed. For a wide range of final state topologies, agreement is found between the data and the standard model simulation. This analysis complements dedicated search analyses by significantly expanding the range of final states covered using a model independent approach with the largest data set to date to probe phase space regions beyond the reach of previous general searches.Peer reviewe

Measurement of prompt open-charm production cross sections in proton-proton collisions at root s=13 TeV

The production cross sections for prompt open-charm mesons in proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13TeV are reported. The measurement is performed using a data sample collected by the CMS experiment corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 29 nb(-1). The differential production cross sections of the D*(+/-), D-+/-, and D-0 ((D) over bar (0)) mesons are presented in ranges of transverse momentum and pseudorapidity 4 < p(T) < 100 GeV and vertical bar eta vertical bar < 2.1, respectively. The results are compared to several theoretical calculations and to previous measurements.Peer reviewe

Measurement of B-c(2S)(+) and B-c*(2S)(+) cross section ratios in proton-proton collisions at root s=13 TeV

Peer reviewe

Development and validation of HERWIG 7 tunes from CMS underlying-event measurements

This paper presents new sets of parameters (“tunes”) for the underlying-event model of the HERWIG7 event generator. These parameters control the description of multiple-parton interactions (MPI) and colour reconnection in HERWIG7, and are obtained from a fit to minimum-bias data collected by the CMS experiment at s=0.9, 7, and 13Te. The tunes are based on the NNPDF 3.1 next-to-next-to-leading-order parton distribution function (PDF) set for the parton shower, and either a leading-order or next-to-next-to-leading-order PDF set for the simulation of MPI and the beam remnants. Predictions utilizing the tunes are produced for event shape observables in electron-positron collisions, and for minimum-bias, inclusive jet, top quark pair, and Z and W boson events in proton-proton collisions, and are compared with data. Each of the new tunes describes the data at a reasonable level, and the tunes using a leading-order PDF for the simulation of MPI provide the best description of the dat

Reconstruction of signal amplitudes in the CMS electromagnetic calorimeter in the presence of overlapping proton-proton interactions

A template fitting technique for reconstructing the amplitude of signals produced by the lead tungstate crystals of the CMS electromagnetic calorimeter is described. This novel approach is designed to suppress the contribution to the signal of the increased number of out-of-time interactions per beam crossing following the reduction of the accelerator bunch spacing from 50 to 25 ns at the start of Run 2 of the LHC. Execution of the algorithm is sufficiently fast for it to be employed in the CMS high-level trigger. It is also used in the offline event reconstruction. Results obtained from simulations and from Run 2 collision data (2015-2018) demonstrate a substantial improvement in the energy resolution of the calorimeter over a range of energies extending from a few GeV to several tens of GeV.Peer reviewe

Observation of the Production of Three Massive Gauge Bosons at root s=13 TeV

The first observation is reported of the combined production of three massive gauge bosons (VVV with V = W, Z) in proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV. The analysis is based on a data sample recorded by the CMS experiment at the CERN LHC corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 137 fb(-1). The searches for individualWWW, WWZ, WZZ, and ZZZ production are performed in final states with three, four, five, and six leptons (electrons or muons), or with two same-sign leptons plus one or two jets. The observed (expected) significance of the combinedVVV production signal is 5.7 (5.9) standard deviations and the corresponding measured cross section relative to the standard model prediction is 1.02(-0.23)(+0.26). The significances of the individual WWW and WWZ production are 3.3 and 3.4 standard deviations, respectively. Measured production cross sections for the individual triboson processes are also reported

Measurement of the W gamma Production Cross Section in Proton-Proton Collisions at root s=13 TeV and Constraints on Effective Field Theory Coefficients

A fiducial cross section for W gamma production in proton-proton collisions is measured at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV in 137 fb(-1) of data collected using the CMS detector at the LHC. The W -> e nu and mu nu decay modes are used in a maximum-likelihood fit to the lepton-photon invariant mass distribution to extract the combined cross section. The measured cross section is compared with theoretical expectations at next-to-leading order in quantum chromodynamics. In addition, 95% confidence level intervals are reported for anomalous triple-gauge couplings within the framework of effective field theory.Peer reviewe

Performance of the CMS muon trigger system in proton-proton collisions at √s = 13 TeV

The muon trigger system of the CMS experiment uses a combination of hardware and software to identify events containing a muon. During Run 2 (covering 2015-2018) the LHC achieved instantaneous luminosities as high as 2 × 10 cm s while delivering proton-proton collisions at √s = 13 TeV. The challenge for the trigger system of the CMS experiment is to reduce the registered event rate from about 40 MHz to about 1 kHz. Significant improvements important for the success of the CMS physics program have been made to the muon trigger system via improved muon reconstruction and identification algorithms since the end of Run 1 and throughout the Run 2 data-taking period. The new algorithms maintain the acceptance of the muon triggers at the same or even lower rate throughout the data-taking period despite the increasing number of additional proton-proton interactions in each LHC bunch crossing. In this paper, the algorithms used in 2015 and 2016 and their improvements throughout 2017 and 2018 are described. Measurements of the CMS muon trigger performance for this data-taking period are presented, including efficiencies, transverse momentum resolution, trigger rates, and the purity of the selected muon sample. This paper focuses on the single- and double-muon triggers with the lowest sustainable transverse momentum thresholds used by CMS. The efficiency is measured in a transverse momentum range from 8 to several hundred GeV