Preschoolers\u27 understanding of and social behavior to handicapped classmates.

EducationDoctor of Education (Ed.D.

Autonomous support for microorganism research in space

A preliminary design for performing on orbit, autonomous research on microorganisms and cultured cells/tissues is presented. An understanding of gravity and its effects on cells is crucial for space exploration as well as for terrestrial applications. The payload is designed to be compatible with the Commercial Experiment Transporter (COMET) launch vehicle, an orbiter middeck locker interface, and with Space Station Freedom. Uplink/downlink capabilities and sample return through controlled reentry are available for all carriers. Autonomous testing activities are preprogrammed with in-flight reprogrammability. Sensors for monitoring temperature, pH, light, gravity levels, vibrations, and radiation are provided for environmental regulation and experimental data collection. Additional experimental data acquisition includes optical density measurement, microscopy, video, and film photography. On-board full data storage capabilities are provided. A fluid transfer mechanism is utilized for inoculation, sampling, and nutrient replenishment of experiment cultures. In addition to payload design, representative experiments were developed to ensure scientific objectives remained compatible with hardware capabilities. The project is defined to provide biological data pertinent to extended duration crewed space flight including crew health issues and development of a Controlled Ecological Life Support System (CELSS). In addition, opportunities are opened for investigations leading to commercial applications of space, such as pharmaceutical development, modeling of terrestrial diseases, and material processing

Organizational Adaption to External Change in Tourism: The Case of the Fred Harvey Company

Organizational adaptations are strategic choices organizations make to adapt to changed market conditions. Those adaptations come about through internal change or through mergers and acquisitions. The Fred Harvey Company changed and adapted exceptionally well to serve customers in more than one industry and in rapidly changing business environments. The company was first linked to the Atchison, Topeka and the Santa Fe Railway and as westward traffic moved from railroads to highways, it was linked to U. S. Route 66. The company supplied eating places--Harvey Houses—and newsstands along the railroad and Route 66. The railroad changed when Route 66 was developed, and Route 66 changed with the Interstate Highway system, and the Harvey Company changed with them

Multiple Time Scales in Diffraction Measurements of Diffusive Surface Relaxation

We grew SrTiO3 on SrTiO3 (001) by pulsed laser deposition, using x-ray scattering to monitor the growth in real time. The time-resolved small angle scattering exhibits a well-defined length scale associated with the spacing between unit cell high surface features. This length scale imposes a discrete spectrum of Fourier components and rate constants upon the diffusion equation solution, evident in multiple exponential relaxation of the "anti-Bragg" diffracted intensity. An Arrhenius analysis of measured rate constants confirms that they originate from a single activation energy.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figure

History in today\u27s business school

Members of the American Assembly of Collegiate Schools of Business were surveyed to determine to what extent the history of various business school subjects (accounting, economics, management, etc.) was a part of today\u27s curricula. Findings indicated widespread teaching of history and the feeling that more should be done. However, the findings also indicate that much of the current teaching is not being done in separate courses by professional historians or even those interested in history. Implications for curricula development are discussed

Accounting history in today\u27s business schools

Slocum and Sriram\u27s [2001] study of teaching accounting history found a decline from 1985-1997 in the number of courses with historical content at the doctoral and undergraduate level. Is this development a singular event for accounting or an example of what is happening in other business disciplines? Our study presents the results of a longitudinal and cross-disciplinary survey of members of AACSB International to determine the current state of the teaching of history in business schools. We find a similar decline in other business disciplines and offer suggestions about the relevance of history and steps that might be taken to encourage its study

Observed Effects of a Changing Step-Edge Density on Thin-Film Growth Dynamics

We grew SrTiO3 on SrTiO3 [001] by pulsed laser deposition, while observing x-ray diffraction at the (0 0 .5) position. The drop dI in the x-ray intensity following a laser pulse contains information about plume-surface interactions. Kinematic theory predicts dI/I = -4sigma(1-sigma), so that dI/I depends only on the amount of deposited material sigma. In contrast, we observed experimentally that |dI/I| < 4sigma(1-sigma), and that dI/I depends on the phase of x-ray growth oscillations. The combined results suggest a fast smoothing mechanism that depends on surface step-edge density.Comment: 4 figure

Nearly strain-free heteroepitaxial system for fundamental studies of pulsed laser deposition: EuTiO3 on SrTiO3

High quality epitaxial thin-films of EuTiO3 have been grown on the (001) surface of SrTiO3 using pulsed laser deposition. In situ x-ray reflectivity measurements reveal that the growth is two-dimensional and enable real-time monitoring of the film thickness and roughness during growth. The film thickness, surface mosaic, surface roughness, and strain were characterized in detail using ex situ x-ray diffraction. The thicnkess and composition were confirmed with Rutherford Backscattering. The EuTiO3 films grow two-dimensionally, epitaxially, pseudomorphically, with no measurable in-plane lattice mismatch.Comment: 7 pages, 6 figure