4 research outputs found
Long-term patterns of hillslope erosion by earthquake-induced landslides shape mountain landscapes
Widespread triggering of landslides by large storms or earthquakes is a dominant mechanism of erosion in mountain landscapes. If landslides occur repeatedly in particular locations within a mountain range, then they will dominate the landscape evolution of that section and could leave a fingerprint in the topography. Here, we track erosion provenance using a novel combination of the isotopic and molecular composition of organic matter deposited in Lake Paringa, New Zealand. We find that the erosion provenance has shifted markedly after four large earthquakes over 1000 years. Postseismic periods eroded organic matter from a median elevation of 722 +329/â293 m and supplied 43% of the sediment in the core, while interseismic periods sourced from lower elevations (459 +256/â226 m). These results are the first demonstration that repeated large earthquakes can consistently focus erosion at high elevations, while interseismic periods appear less effective at modifying the highest parts of the topography
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A Multicenter Validity Study of Four Smartphone Hearing Test Apps in Optimized and Home Environments
Publication status: PublishedObjectivePure tone audiometry (PTA) is the gold standard for hearing assessment. However, it requires access to specialized equipment. Smartphone audiometry applications (apps) have been developed to perform automated threshold audiometry and could allow patients to perform selfâadministered screening or monitoring. This study aimed to assess the validity and feasibility of patients using apps to selfâassess hearing thresholds at home, with comparison to PTA.MethodsA multiâcenter, prospective randomized study was conducted amongst patients undergoing PTA in clinics. Participants were randomly allocated to one of four publiclyâavailable apps designed to measure pure tone thresholds. Participants used an app once in optimal soundâtreated conditions and a further three times at home. Earâspecific frequencyâspecific thresholds and pure tone average were compared using Pearson correlation coefficient. The percentage of app hearing tests with results within ±10âdB of PTA was calculated. Patient acceptability was assessed via an online survey.ResultsOne hundred thirtyânine participants submitted data. The results of two atâhome automated smartphone apps correlated strongly/very strongly with PTA average and their frequencyâspecific median was within ±10âdB accuracy. Smartphone audiometry performed in soundâtreated and home conditions were very strongly correlated. The apps were rated as easy/very easy to use by 90% of participants and 90% would be happy/very happy to use an app to monitor their hearing.ConclusionJudicious use of selfâperformed smartphone audiometry was both valid and feasible for two of four apps. It could provide frequencyâspecific threshold estimates at home, potentially allowing assessments of patients remotely or monitoring of fluctuating hearing loss.Level of Evidence2 Laryngoscope, 2024</jats:sec
Career intentions of medical students in the UK: a national, cross-sectional study (AIMS study)
Objective To determine current UK medical studentsâ career intentions after graduation and on completing the Foundation Programme (FP), and to ascertain the motivations behind these intentions.Design Cross-sectional, mixed-methods survey of UK medical students, using a non-random sampling method.Setting All 44 UK medical schools recognised by the General Medical Council.Participants All UK medical students were eligible to participate. The study sample consisted of 10â486 participants, approximately 25.50% of the medical student population.Outcome measures Career intentions of medical students postgraduation and post-FP, motivations behind these career intentions, characterising the medical student population and correlating demographic factors and propensity to leave the National Health Service (NHS).Results The majority of participating students (8806/10 486, 83.98%) planned to complete both years of the FP after graduation, with under half of these students (4294/8806, 48.76%) intending to pursue specialty training thereafter. A subanalysis of career intentions after the FP by year of study revealed a significant decrease in studentsâ intentions to enter specialty training as they advanced through medical school. Approximately a third of surveyed students (3392/10 486, 32.35%) intended to emigrate to practise medicine, with 42.57% (n=1444) of those students not planning to return. In total, 2.89% of students intended to leave medicine altogether (n=303). Remuneration, work-life balance and working conditions were identified as important factors in decision-making regarding emigration and leaving the profession. Subgroup analyses based on gender, type of schooling, fee type and educational background were performed. Only 17.26% of surveyed students were satisfied or very satisfied with the overall prospect of working in the NHS.Conclusions The Ascertaining the career Intentions of UK Medical Students study highlights UK studentsâ views and career intentions, revealing a concerning proportion of those surveyed considering alternative careers or emigration. Addressing factors such as remuneration, work-life balance and working conditions may increase retention of doctors and improve workforce planning efforts
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The role of medical schools in UK studentsâ career intentions: findings from the AIMS study
Abstract
Objectives
To investigate differences in studentsâ career intentions between UK medical schools.
Design
Cross-sectional, mixed-methods online survey.
Setting
The primary study included all 44 UK medical schools, with this analysis comprising 42 medical schools.
Participants
Ten thousand four hundred eighty-six UK medical students.
Main outcome measures
Career intentions of medical students, focusing on differences between medical schools. Secondary outcomes included variation in medical studentsâ satisfaction with a prospective career in the NHS, by medical school.
Results
2.89% of students intended to leave medicine altogether, with Cambridge Medical School having the highest proportion of such respondents. 32.35% of respondents planned to emigrate for practice, with Ulster medical students being the most likely. Of those intending to emigrate, the University of Central Lancashire saw the highest proportion stating no intentions to return. Cardiff Medical School had the greatest percentage of students intending to assume non-training clinical posts after completing FY2. 35.23% of participating medical students intended to leave the NHS within 2 years of graduating, with Brighton and Sussex holding the highest proportion of these respondents. Only 17.26% were satisfied with the prospect of working in the NHS, with considerable variation nationally; Barts and the London medical students had the highest rates of dissatisfaction.
Conclusions
This study reveals variability in studentsâ career sentiment across UK medical schools, emphasising the need for attention to factors influencing these trends. A concerning proportion of students intend to exit the NHS within 2 years of graduating, with substantial variation between institutions. Studentsâ intentions may be shaped by various factors, including curriculum focus and recruitment practices. It is imperative to re-evaluate these aspects within medical schools, whilst considering the wider national context, to improve student perceptions towards an NHS career. Future research should target underlying causes for these disparities to facilitate improvements to career satisfaction and retention.
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