Effects of organic fertilizers and drought stress on Physiological traits in barley

Abstract Stress the most important factor limiting agricultural production in arid and semi-arid systems is considered. Distribution of rainfall in these areas (arid semi-arid), sometimes not consistent with crop needs and develop products that are temporary or prolonged drought. To study the effects of spray irrigation on winter barley trial at year 2011 in the field region of Damghan. These Split plot experiment in randomized complete block design with three replications. ) was. Rates Protein affected foliar Humax + Biomin both normal irrigation and water deficit stress conditions (41BBCH) solution were (11.42% and 11.53%) most of the proteins themselves. The study found that proline Nusrat victory both in normal irrigation and deficit stress conditions (41BBCH) , without spray (control) solution were (63.03 μmol/g and 80.33 μmol/g) more proline compared to other treatments showed. Farmers to increase their performance today acre foliar spray methods are used for fertilization. Foliar spray of plant response to fertilizer is fast methods. This approach makes the environment by fertilizing it in order to achieve sustainable agriculture is also very helpful. It was found that the variety kavir of normal watering with foliar Humax + Biomin potassium levels showed more than other treatments. The different effects on different plants using soil dry organic fertilizer such as Humax and Biomin can be drought resistant plants to rise

The effects of thermal treatment and resin type on physical and mechanical properties of Kenaf stalk particleboard

The objective of this study was to manufacture water resistant kenaf stalk particleboard.Twenty seven boards were produced using 170 °C steam treated kenaf particles, 30 and 60minute treatment time and three resin types include urea-formaldehyde, melamineformaldehydeand a mixture of fifty percent each. Physical and mechanical properties weremeasured and the results analyzed in a complete random design plan and by the factorialanalysis. The results showed that boards made from treated particles with 60 minute treatmenttime and Urea Formaldehyde resin had the highest bending strength. Modulus of elasticity(MOE) improved with an increase in treatment time. The greatest MOE was achieved with theboards produced using urea-formaldehyde and the greatest MOE was achieved with the boardsbonded with urea-melamine-formaldehyde resin. Moreover, with increasing treatment time from30 to 60 minutes internal bond strength (IB) reduced. Thickness swelling and water absorptionof the boards was significantly improved with increasing treatment time

Evaluating the quality of the medium density fiberboard made from kenaf core and stalk

Utilization of kenaf core and stalk for the production of medium density fiberboard was investigated. Control boards were produced using poplar wood fibers and compared with kenaf boards. Urea formaldehyde resin was used. Medium density fiberboards were made at two densities of 0.55 and 0.75 g/cm3.  Six combinations of variable were tested and for each combination of variables, 3 replications and the total of 18 laboratory MDF boards were produced. The kenaf core and stalk fiber dimensions and the mechanical and physical properties of the MDF boards were measured. Factorial experimental design was used for statistical analysis of generated data. Results showed that average length of kenaf core and stalk fiber are 3.607 and 0.78 mm, and their respective diameters are 41.48 and 36.76 μm. The results of modulus of rupture, modulus of elasticity, internal bonding and thickness swelling after 2 and 24 hours immersion in water showed that kenaf core fiberboard with the density of 0.75 g/cm3 are above the required values for these boards which indicate that these properties are comparable with MDF from wood. It can be expressed that kenaf core fibers can substitute the poplar wood fiber for MDF production. The modulus of rupture, modulus of elasticity and internal bonding of MDF boards produced using kenaf core was improved as the density of the boards increased.  The thickness swelling after 2 and 24 hours immersion in water was comparable to poplar fiberboard. Kenaf stalk fiberboard showed lower mechanical and physical properties due to the presence of bark fibers

Investigate the effect of anionic trash management through removal and neutralization of dissolved and colloidal substances (DCS) On properties of CMP pulp and paper

During the paper manufacturing process, especially when mechanical pulp or recycled pulp used, a large amount of soluble and colloidal substances (DCS) are comprised and dispersed or dissolved in the process water. Accumulation of DCS during the papermaking operation with the increasing closure process water systems, can have a variety of deleterious effects on papermaking process and paper products. In this study, The effect of anionic trash neutraliziation was investigated by using different catcher anionic tarsh and also pulp washing (removal of anionic trash) on the CMP pulp and paper properties. After the initial preparation chemi-mechanical pulp (CMP), bleached long fiber kraft pulp and mixing the pulps with each other, filler of precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC) was added. Then a cationic retention aid That in this research has been cationic polyacrylamide were added to the mix. To neutralization of and reduce the negative effects of anionic trash, different levels of poly DADMAC with molecular weight 100000-200000 (0.025, 0.05, 0.1, 0.15%) and poly aluminium chloride (PAC) (0.1, 0.25, 0.5%) was added before adding of retention aid. Results showed that the use of different neutralizers imprived of zeta potential and drainage time of pulp, and increase of total retention; but reduces burst index of paper that was not significant statistically. CMP pulp washing and drainage treatment caused reducing COD and on the other hand reduced the amount of anionic trash with organic origin. Washing treatment pulp improved drainage time from pulp, total retention; but reduced burst index. Based on these findings, using cationic polyelectrolyte can introduce as a good strategy to reduce the harmful effects anionic trash and more retention suspension components