Prevalence of Intimate Partner Violence among Iranian Women: A Systematic Review and Metaanalysis from 2010-2020

Background: Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a significant public health issue, especially in developing countries. This study aimed to provide a systematic review and meta-analysis of IPV among married Iranian women.Methods: In this systematic review and meta-analysis, following PRISMA guidelines, eight electronic databases were searched for quantitative articles, with the target population of married Iranian women. Articles from 2010 to 2020 were extracted and assessed with an 8-scored checklist for risk of bias. Different types of IPV include mental, physical, and sexual types. Heterogeneity was assessed with I2 and Q tests. Random effect model was used for meta-analysis. Factors such as income, education, employment, mean age, urbanization, and human development index (HDI) were assessed within homogenous groups.Results: Thirty-four studies (19,445 participants) were included. The mean age of women was 33.4 years. The overall prevalence of past-year IPV was estimated at 62.6% (CI: 53.6-71.5). Mental, physical, and sexual violence were estimated at 59% (CI: 53.7- 64.4), 30.8% (CI: 26.2-35.4), and 29% (CI: 22.4-35.5), respectively. The results revealed that a negative correlation existed between the occurrence of violence and higher education, higher HDI indices for regions, and employment.Conclusion: The findings of this study indicate that IPV exists in high proportions in Iran. Improving the economic situation, increasing education, and raising public awareness through social media are the preventive factors

COMPARISON OF FOOD HABITS AMONG SMOKER AND NON-SMOKER INDIVIDUALS: ISFAHAN HEALTHY HEART PROGRAM

Abstract &nbsp;&nbsp; BACKGROUND: Cigarette smoking is an important risk factor of various chronic diseases. Smokers also seem to make a lifestyle which is different from those of non-smokers. This study was conducted to compare dietary habits of smoker and non-smoker individuals. &nbsp;&nbsp; METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2000-2001 in Isfahan and Najaf-Abad counties. Sample size was 6300 individuals aged &ge; 19 year old. The individuals' food habits were assessed by using a food frequency questionnaire. &nbsp;&nbsp; RESULTS: Smokers' consumption of some foods, including whole diary products, was higher than that of non-smokers (P = 0.001). Also, the frequency consumption of hydrogenated oil and liquid oil in smoker men and non-smoker ones was 6.9 &plusmn; 4.2, 6.5 &plusmn; 4.3, 2.2 &plusmn; 2.6 and 2.7 &plusmn; 2.4, respectively (P = 0.001). Mean consumption of fast food in smoker men was higher than non-smokers (1 &plusmn; 1.4 vs. 0.8 &plusmn; 1.5, respectively, P = 0.01). Non-smoking men's mean intake of fruit and vegetables was higher than that of smokers (11.7 &plusmn; 6 vs. 11&plusmn; 6, respectively, P = 0.01). &nbsp;&nbsp; CONCLUSION: The results showed that smokers have an unhealthier dietary pattern than non-smokers; so, this is reflected in their unhealthy food choices, e.g. greater consumption of food products with high levels of saturated fat and cholesterol. Smoking and unhealthy dietary behavior have synergistic effects on incidence of non-communicable diseases. Broad interventions are required in the community towards tobacco consumption control and lifestyle modification in smokers. &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; Keywords: Smoking, Food Habits, Cardiovascular Disease.</p