Maximum Middle Jurassic transgression in East Greenland: evidence from new ammonite finds, Bjørnedal, Traill Ø

A Middle – lower Upper Jurassic sandstone-dominated succession, more than 550 m thick, with mudstone intercalations in the middle part is exposed in Bjørnedal on Traill Ø, North-East Greenland. A number of ammonite assemblages have been found, mainly in the mudstones. They indicate the presence of the Lower Callovian Cadoceras apertum and C. nordenskjoeldi Chronozones. The mudstones represent northern wedges of the Fossilbjerget Formation hitherto known only from Jameson Land to the south. In Bjørnedal they interfinger with sandstones of the Pelion and Olympen Formations. The presence of the Fossilbjerget Formation in this region indicates complete drowning of the Middle Jurassic sandstone-dominated Pelion Formation during maximum Middle Jurassic transgression. A new species, Kepplerites tenuifasciculatus, is described in the appendix by J.H. Callomon. The holotype and paratype are from Jameson Land, East Greenland, but the species is also found in Bjørnedal, Traill Ø, North-East Greenland

Shelf-edge delta and slope deposition in the Upper Callovian – Middle Oxfordian Olympen Formation, East Greenland

The Upper Bajocian – Upper Volgian succession of the Jameson Land Basin in East Greenland forms an overall transgressive–regressive cycle. The Upper Callovian – Middle Oxfordian Olympen Formation represents the first regressive deposits after maximum flooding in the Middle to early Late Callovian. The formation was deposited during two southwards progradational phases separated by a major drowning event in the Early Oxfordian. The first phase was marked by incoming of massive slope and base-of-slope sand (Athene Member), but the delta front and top did not reach the area of present-day exposure. The second phase was initiated by deposition of a thick mud succession (Hades Member) indicating that the delta had shifted far to the north during the drowning event. Southwards progradation of the delta was heralded by gully erosion and the deposition of lenticular bodies of massive slope sand; on this occasion, medium- and largescale cross-bedded sand of the delta front and top (Zeus Member) reached the area. The boundary between Middle–Upper Callovian mudstones in the upper part of the underlying Fossilbjerget Formation and the Upper Callovian Athene Member sandstones formed at the turn-around point between sea-level rise and fall. The Athene Member sandstones are interpreted as an undifferentiated falling stage – lowstand systems tract and span a sequence boundary. The top of the Athene Member is the basinal correlative of the transgressive surface. The basal few metres of the overlying Hades Member mudstones represent the transgressive systems tract and a level with organic-rich mudstones is interpreted to represent the maximum flooding zone. The remainder of the Hades Member and the slope sandstones are assigned to the highstand systems tract. The succeeding cross-bedded delta front sandstones of the Zeus Member are placed in the falling stage systems tract and their sharp base is interpreted as a marine regressive surface of erosion. Comparison of this history with published sea-level curves suggests that the short term changes may be eustatic in origin including the Middle Callovian maximum flooding (K. jason – lower P. athleta Chronozones), Late Callovian regression (P. athleta – Q. lamberti Chronozones), latest Callovian – Early Oxfordian flooding (Q. mariae – C. cordatum Chronozones) and late Early – Middle Oxfordian regression (C. densiplicatum Chronozone)

The fluviatile Bristol Elv Formation, a new Middle Jurassic lithostratigraphic unit from Traill Ø, North-East Greenland

A new lithostratigraphic unit, the Bristol Elv Formation, is erected in this paper. It is only known from Traill Ø, East Greenland, where it unconformably overlies Triassic redbeds of the Fleming Fjord Formation and is overlain by lithologically similar shallow marine Upper Bajocian sandstones of the Pelion Formation. The age of the formation is not well constrained but is probably Early Bajocian. The Bristol Elv Formation is at least 155 m thick and consists of conglomerates, coarse-grained pebbly sandstones and subordinate mudstones, deposited in braided rivers. A finer-grained lacustrine/floodplain unit, c. 37 m thick, is interbedded with the fluvial sandstones at one locality. Deposition of the fluvio-lacustrine Bristol Elv Formation marks a major change in basin configuration and drainage patterns, reflecting the onset of the important, protracted Middle–Late Jurassic rift event in East Greenland

Stratigraphy and sedimentology of a basement-onlapping shallow marine sandstone succession, the Charcot Bugt Formation, Middle–Upper Jurassic, East Greenland

A rocky shore developed in early Middle Jurassic times by transgression of the crystalline basement in Milne Land at the western margin of the East Greenland rift basin. The basement is onlapped by shallow marine sandstones of the Charcot Bugt Formation, locally with a thin fluvial unit at the base. The topography of the onlap surface suggests that a relative sea-level rise of at least 300 m took place in Early Bathonian – Middle Oxfordian times. The sea-level rise was punctuated by relative stillstands and falls during which progradation of the shoreline took place. Palynological data tied to the Boreal ammonite stratigraphy have greatly improved time resolution within the Charcot Bugt Formation, and the Jurassic succession in Milne Land can now be understood in terms of genetically-related depositional systems with a proximal to distal decrease in grain size. The sequence stratigraphic interpretation suggests that translation of the depositional systems governed by relative sea-level changes resulted in stacking of sandstone-dominated falling stage deposits in the eastern, basinwards parts of Milne Land, whereas thick, remarkably coarse-grained transgressive systems tract deposits formed along the western basin margin. The bulk of the Charcot Bugt Formation consists of stacked sandstone-dominated shoreface units that prograded during highstands. The overall aggradational to backstepping stacking pattern recognised in the Charcot Bugt Formation is comparable to that in the contemporaneous Pelion Formation of the Jameson Land Basin and in correlative units of the mid-Norway shelf and the Northern North Sea. We suggest that the long-term evolution of the depositional systems may have been controlled by long-term eustatic rise acting in concert with relative sea-level changes reflecting regionally contemporaneous phases of rift initiation, climax and gradual cessation of rifting

Late Cretaceous (late Campanian-Maastrichtian) sea-surface temperature record of the Boreal Chalk Sea

The last 8 Myr of the Cretaceous greenhouse interval were characterized by a progressive global cooling with superimposed cool/warm fluctuations. The mechanisms responsible for these climatic fluctuations remain a source of debate that can only be resolved through multi-disciplinary studies and better time constraints. For the first time, we present a record of very high-resolution (ca. 4.5 kyr) sea-surface temperature (SST) changes from the Boreal epicontinental Chalk Sea (Stevns-1 core, Denmark), tied to an astronomical timescale of the late Campanian–Maastrichtian (74 to 66 Ma). Well-preserved bulk stable isotope trends and calcareous nannofossil palaeoecological patterns from the fully cored Stevns-1 borehole show marked changes in SSTs. These variations correlate with deep-water records of climate change from the tropical South Atlantic and Pacific oceans but differ greatly from the climate variations of the North Atlantic. We demonstrate that the onset and end of the early Maastrichtian cooling and of the large negative Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary carbon isotope excursion are coincident in the Chalk Sea. The direct link between SSTs and δ13C variations in the Chalk Sea reassesses long-term glacio-eustasy as the potential driver of carbon isotope and climatic variations in the Maastrichtian