Politics, Development strategy, and Family y Planning Programs in India and Pakistan

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/66711/2/10.1177_009539977100300301.pd

Mapping In Vivo Tumor Oxygenation within Viable Tumor by 19F-MRI and Multispectral Analysis

AbstractQuantifying oxygenation in viable tumor remains a major obstacle toward a better understanding of the tumor microenvironment and improving treatment strategies. Current techniques are often complicated by tumor heterogeneity. Herein, a novel in vivo approach that combines 19F magnetic resonance imaging (19F-MRI)R1 mapping with diffusionbased multispectral (MS) analysis is introduced. This approach restricts the partial pressure of oxygen (pO2) measurements to viable tumor, the tissue of therapeutic interest. The technique exhibited sufficient sensitivity to detect a breathing gas challenge in a xenograft tumor model, and the hypoxic region measured by MS 19F-MRI was strongly correlated with histologic estimates of hypoxia. This approach was then applied to address the effects of antivascular agents on tumor oxygenation, which is a research question that is still under debate. The technique was used to monitor longitudinal pO2 changes in response to an antibody to vascular endothelial growth factor (B20.4.1.1) and a selective dual phosphoinositide 3-kinase/mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor (GDC-0980). GDC-0980 reduced viable tumor pO2 during a 3-day treatment period, and a significant reduction was also produced by B20.4.1.1. Overall, this method provides an unprecedented view of viable tumor pO2 and contributes to a greater understanding of the effects of antivascular therapies on the tumor's microenvironment

Book Reviews : Myron Weiner (Ed.), Modernization: The Dynamics of Growth. New York: Basic Books, 1966, Pp. XVIII, 355. $ 6.95

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/66789/2/10.1177_002190967000500415.pd

The President Makes a Decision: a Study of Dixon-Yates.

Ph.D.Public administrationUniversity of Michiganhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/156713/1/5904907.pd

The President makes a decision: a study of Dixon-Yates.

Mode of access: Internet.

Political Development and Social Change

xii.599 hal.;23 c

Political development and social change

xvi+658hlm.;23c

Association Between Testosterone Supplementation Therapy and Thrombotic Events in Elderly Men

OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of thrombotic events and all-cause mortality in men older than 65 years with hypogonadism treated with testosterone therapy (TST). METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the charts of 217 hypogonadal men >65 years. We compared men who received TST (n=153) to hypogonadal men (n=64) who did not receive TST. We evaluated all-cause mortality, prevalence of myocardial infarction (MI), transient ischemic attack (TIA), cerebrovascular accident (CVA, or ‘stroke’), and deep vein thrombosis / pulmonary embolism (DVT/PE). All events were verified by contacting patients. We excluded men with previous thrombotic events, men previously on androgen deprivation therapy and men who had used TST prior to age of 65. RESULTS: Median age and Charlson Comorbidity Index of men on TST (74y; 5.1) was similar between hypogonadal men not on TST (73y, p=0.48; 5.3, p=0.36). Median follow-up was 3.8 vs. 3.5 years (TST vs. no TST). No man on TST died, whereas 5 hypogonadal men who did not receive TST died (p=0.007). There were 4 thrombotic events (1 MI, 2 CVA/TIA, 1 PE) in men who received TST and 1 event (CVA/TIA) among men who did not receive TST (p = 0.8). All events (1 death, 6 months follow-up) occurred at least after 2 years of follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: There was increased all-cause mortality in hypogonadal men not treated with testosterone compared to men who received testosterone therapy. There was no difference in prevalence of MI, TIA/CVA, or PE between patients treated with testosterone and hypogonadal men not treated with testosterone