The Preventive Effect of Oxytocin on Retinopathy in Streptozotocin- Induced Diabetic Rats

Objectives:The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of intravitreal and intraperitoneal use of oxytocin (OT) on retinopathy in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.Materials and Methods:Twenty-four 6-8-week-old adult male and female Sprague Dawley rats were used in the study. Diabetes was induced in the rats with a single injection of intraperitoneal streptozotocin. Diabetes was verified after 48 hours by measuring blood glucose levels of 260 mg/dl (14.4 mmol/L) or higher in diabetic rats. The rats were divided into 4 groups and treated as follows: intravitreal physiological saline group (0.01 mL saline weekly), intravitreal OT group (10 μU/μL OT weekly), intraperitoneal physiological saline group (1 mL daily), and intraperitoneal OT group (100 IU/kg OT daily). Hamilton syringes fitted with 27-gauge needles were used for intraperitoneal injections while 31-gauge needles were used for intravitreal injection. After 4 weeks of treatment the rats were euthanized to evaluate outer nuclear layer (ONL) thickness, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) immunoexpression, and plasma VEGF levels from blood samples obtained by cardiac puncture.Results:Morphometric analysis of retinal cross-sections showed that intravitreal and intraperitoneal OT significantly increased ONL thickness compared to physiological saline-treated groups. Also, OT treatment significantly decreased VEGF protein expression compared with the physiological saline groups. Plasma VEGF level was significantly higher in the physiological saline treatment group compared to the OT treatment group.Conclusion:OT reduces diabetic retinopathy progression, particularly when administered intravitreally. To our knowledge, this is the first attempt to investigate the impact of OT on diabetic retinopathy and may provide a new area for further research

Multimodal Imaging of Reticular Pseudodrusen in Turkish Patients

Objectives:To investigate the presence and prevalence of reticular pseudodrusen (RPD) in patients with age-related macular degeneration using multiple imaging modalities and to compare the sensitivity and specificity of these modalities in the detection of RPD.Materials and Methods:Images from a total of 198 consecutive patients were analyzed prospectively. Color fundus photography, red-free imaging, spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT), infrared and blue reflectance (BR) imaging, fundus autofluorescence (FAF), enhanced-depth imaging OCT (EDI-OCT), fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) and indocyanine green angiography were performed. RPD was diagnosed in the presence of relevant findings in at least two of the imaging methods used.Results:RPD were detected in 149 eyes (37.6%). In the detection of RPD, color fundus photography, red-free photography, SD-OCT, infrared, FAF, BR, and FFA imaging had sensitivity values of 50%, 57.7%, 91.6%, 95%, 74.6%, 65.7%, and 28.2% and specificity values of 99.6%, 100%, 98.4%, 94.6%, 100%, 99.6%, and 69.8%, respectively.Conclusion:Infrared imaging had the highest sensitivity. SD-OCT combined with infrared imaging was the most sensitive imaging technique for detecting RPD. The high specificity of FAF, red-free, and BR imaging may be useful to confirm a diagnosis of RPD

Patern Distrofiler

Patern distrofiler 1950 yılından beri bilinen otozomal dominant geçişli bir hastalık grubudur. Bu hastalıklar retinada oluşturduğu pigmentasyon şekline göre isimlendirilmiştir. Belirgin retinal değişikliklere rağmen görme düzeyi genellikle korunmaktadır. Ancak yaş ilerledikçe koroidal neovasküler membran, atrofi gibi komplikasyonlar gelişebilmekte ve görmedüzeyini belirgin olarak düşürmektedir. Spesifik bir tedavisi yoktur ancak komplikasyonlar ortaya çıkınca tedavi nedenegöre yapılmalıdır

The relationship between psychosocial health status and social support of pregnant women

Purpose The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between psychosocial health status and social support, which has important effects on pregnancy, and to determine the factors related to both psychosocial health and social support. Method The research was planned to be a descriptive study. The sample of the study consisted of 393 pregnant women. ‘Personal Information Form’, ‘Pregnancy Psychosocial Health Assessment Scale (PPHAS)’, and ‘Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS)’ were used to collect data, and Student’s t-test, ANOVA and Tukey’s HSD tests were used for the data analysis. The relationship between the two continuous variables was evaluated according to the Pearson correlation coefficient. Results Psychosocial health conditions and perceived social supports of pregnant women whose spouses were working were determined to be significantly higher (p < .05), and at a lower level (p < .05) in pregnant women with two or more children. As MSPSS total mean scores of the pregnant women increased, their PPHAS total mean scores were weakly affected in the positive direction (r = 0.393, p < .01). Conclusions It is recommended that health care needs of pregnant women should be evaluated not only in terms of physical health but also together with their psychosocial health and social supports. Furthermore, this assessment should be done in their own home environment with their spouses and other family members

Fovea Hipoplazisinde Multimodal Görüntüleme:Olgu Sunumu

Fovea hipoplazisi, normal foveanın gelişmemesi ile karakterizedir. İzole veya başka oküler durumlarda sekonder olarak gelişebilmektedir. Optik koherens tomografi (OKT), floresein anjiyografi, fundus otofloresans ve OKT anjiyografi tanıda kullanılabilir. Bu olgu sunumunda multimodal görüntüleme ile tanı konulan, foveal hipoplazili bir hastayı sunmaktayız

Blindness caused by traumatic optic neuropathy and central retinal artery occlusion after endoscopic sinus surgery: A case report

Endoskopik sinüs cerrahisine (ESC) bağlı gelişen travmatik optik nöropati ve santral retinal arter tıkanıklığına (SRAT) bağlı tek taraflı körlük gelişen bir olguyu sunmak. Görme keskinliği sağ gözde ışık hissi kaybı, sol gözde 1.0 ölçüldü. Ön segment her iki gözde normal idi. Fundoskopide sağ gözde makülada soluk beyaz renkte ödem ile birlikte optik disk sınırlarında silinme saptanırken, sol göz normal idi. Fundus floresein anjiyografide SRAT gösterildi. Bilgisayarlı tomografi (BT) ile sağ orbita duvarında ön etmoid hücreler hizasında kırık hatları ve belirgin nazal septum deviasyonu tespit edildi. İç ve alt rektus kası ila komşu ekstrakonal yağ dokusunun kırık alanına doğru fıtıklaştığı saptandı. Manyetik rezonans görüntülemede, orbita BT bulgularına ek olarak optik sinirde travmatik optik nöropati ile uyumlu sinyal değişikliği ve retrobulber ödem gösterdi. Ciddi görme kaybına yol açan bu durumlarla karşılaşmamak için belirgin septum deviasyonu varsa ESC’den önce düzeltilmesi ve cerrahların operasyon sırasında ciddi özen göstermeleri gerekir. (Turk J Ophthalmol 2015; 45: 42-44)Herein, we report the case of a patient who developed unilateral blindness secondary to traumatic optic neuropathy and central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) after endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS). Visual acuity was no light perception in the right eye and 1.0 in the left eye. Antrerior segment was normal in both eyes. Fundoscopy revealed pallor white coloration of the macula with indistinct margins of the optic disc in the right eye and normal in the left eye. Fundus fluorescein angiography demonstrated CRAO. Fracture lines of the orbital wall at the level of the anterior ethmoidal cells and pronounced deviated nasal septum were detected on computed tomography. Herniation of the medial and inferior rectus muscles with extraconal fat tissue was observed. In addition to the findings on computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging of the orbita showed signal changes in the optic nerve and retrobulbar edema indicating traumatic optic neuropathy. In order to prevent severe vision loss, the surgeon should repair deviated nasal septum before the ESS and must pay serious attention during the operation. (Turk J Ophthalmol 2015; 45: 42-44

The retinal nerve fiber layer thickness changes evaluated by optical coherence tomography after phacoemulsification surgery

Amaç: Optik koherens tomografi (OKT) ile değerlendirilen retina sinir lifi kalınlığının (RNFL) katarakt cerrahisi öncesi ve sonrası değişiminin incelenmesi. Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışmamıza retina sinir lifi kalınlığını etkileyebilecek herhangi bir retina, optik sinir ve kornea hastalığı olmayan, komplikasyonsuz katarakt cerrahisi uygulanmış 44 hastanın 44 gözü alındı. Tüm hastalara katarakt cerrahisinden bir gün önce ve cerrahiden bir ay sonra spektral domain OKT ile RNFL ölçümü yapıldı. Katarakt düzeyleri Lens Opacities Classification System III (LOCS III) sistemine göre derecelendirildi. Bulgular: Hastaların yaş ortalaması 62,68±9,46 idi. Gözlerden 23’ü sağ (%52,3) ve 21’i sol (%47,7) idi. Cerrahi öncesi ortalama en iyi düzeltilmiş görme keskinliği 0,29±0,12, cerrahi sonrası birinci ayda en iyi düzeltilmiş görme keskinliği 0,93±0,12 olarak saptandı. Ortalama RNFL kalınlığı cerrahi öncesi 89,43±23,0 ? iken cerrahi sonrası 106,57±12,5 ? idi. Aradaki fark istatiksel olarak anlamlıydı. Ortalama görüntü kalitesi cerrahi öncesi %44,53 iken cerrahi sonrası %63,51 idi. Aradaki fark istatiksel olarak yine anlamlıydı. Sonuç: Katarakt varlığı OKT’de görüntü kalitesini etkilemektedir ve RNFL ölçümlerinin daha düşük çıkmasına yol açmaktadır. Katarakt cerrahisi OKT’de görüntü kalitesini arttırarak RNFL ölçümlerinin daha sağlıklı elde edilmesini sağlar. (Turk J Ophthalmol 2014; 44: 284-7)Objectives: To evaluate the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness by optical coherence tomography (OCT) before and after cataract surgery. Materials and Methods: In our study, we included 44 eyes of 44 patients who underwent uncomplicated cataract surgery and had no preexisting pathology involving the retina, optic nerve, or cornea. All patients were scanned by OCT for RNFL measurements 1 day before and 1 month after cataract surgery. The grading of cataract was based on the Lens Opacities Classification System III (LOCS III). Results: The mean age of patients was 62.68&plusmn;9.46 years. The mean best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was 0.29&plusmn;0.12 preoperatively and 0.93&plusmn;0.12 at postoperative one month. The mean RNFL thickness preoperatively was 89.43&plusmn;23.0 &amp;#956; and postoperatively was 106.57&plusmn;12.5 &amp;#956;. The difference was statistically significant. The mean image quality preoperatively was 44.53% and postoperatively was 63.51%. The difference was also statistically significant. Conclusion: The presence of cataract may affect the image quality of OCT leading to lower RNFL thickness values than expected. Cataract surgery increases the image quality of OCT and allows accurate RNFL measurements. (Turk J Ophthalmol 2014; 44: 284-7

The Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness Changes Evaluated by Optical Coherence Tomography After Phacoemulsification Surgery

Objectives: To evaluate the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness by optical coherence tomography (OCT) before and after cataract surgery. Materials and Methods: In our study, we included 44 eyes of 44 patients who underwent uncomplicated cataract surgery and had no preexisting pathology involving the retina, optic nerve, or cornea. All patients were scanned by OCT for RNFL measurements 1 day before and 1 month after cataract surgery. The grading of cataract was based on the Lens Opacities Classification System III (LOCS III). Results: The mean age of patients was 62.68±9.46 years. The mean best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was 0.29±0.12 preoperatively and 0.93±0.12 at postoperative one month. The mean RNFL thickness preoperatively was 89.43±23.0 µ and postoperatively was 106.57±12.5 µ. The difference was statistically significant. The mean image quality preoperatively was 44.53% and postoperatively was 63.51%. The difference was also statistically significant. Conclusion: The presence of cataract may affect the image quality of OCT leading to lower RNFL thickness values than expected. Cataract surgery increases the image quality of OCT and allows accurate RNFL measurements. (Turk J Ophthalmol 2014; 44: 284-7

Optik sinir koherens tomografi ile değerlendirilen retina lifi kalınlığının fakoemülsifikasyon cerrahisi sonrası değişimi

Objectives: To evaluate the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness by optical coherence tomography (OCT) before and after cataract surgery. Materials and Methods: In our study, we included 44 eyes of 44 patients who underwent uncomplicated cataract surgery and had no preexisting pathology involving the retina, optic nerve, or cornea. All patients were scanned by OCT for RNFL measurements 1 day before and 1 month after cataract surgery. The grading of cataract was based on the Lens Opacities Classification System III (LOCS III). Results: The mean age of patients was 62.68;plusmn;9.46 years. The mean best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was 0.29;plusmn;0.12 preoperatively and 0.93;plusmn;0.12 at postoperative one month. The mean RNFL thickness preoperatively was 89.43;plusmn;23.0 ;amp;#956; and postoperatively was 106.57;plusmn;12.5 ;amp;#956;. The difference was statistically significant. The mean image quality preoperatively was 44.53% and postoperatively was 63.51%. The difference was also statistically significant. Conclusion: The presence of cataract may affect the image quality of OCT leading to lower RNFL thickness values than expected. Cataract surgery increases the image quality of OCT and allows accurate RNFL measurements. (Turk J Ophthalmol 2014; 44: 284-7)Amaç: Optik koherens tomografi (OKT) ile değerlendirilen retina sinir lifi kalınlığının (RNFL) katarakt cerrahisi öncesi ve sonrası değişiminin incelenmesi. Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışmamıza retina sinir lifi kalınlığını etkileyebilecek herhangi bir retina, optik sinir ve kornea hastalığı olmayan, komplikasyonsuz katarakt cerrahisi uygulanmış 44 hastanın 44 gözü alındı. Tüm hastalara katarakt cerrahisinden bir gün önce ve cerrahiden bir ay sonra spektral domain OKT ile RNFL ölçümü yapıldı. Katarakt düzeyleri Lens Opacities Classification System III (LOCS III) sistemine göre derecelendirildi. Bulgular: Hastaların yaş ortalaması 62,68±9,46 idi. Gözlerden 23’ü sağ (%52,3) ve 21’i sol (%47,7) idi. Cerrahi öncesi ortalama en iyi düzeltilmiş görme keskinliği 0,29±0,12, cerrahi sonrası birinci ayda en iyi düzeltilmiş görme keskinliği 0,93±0,12 olarak saptandı. Ortalama RNFL kalınlığı cerrahi öncesi 89,43±23,0 ? iken cerrahi sonrası 106,57±12,5 ? idi. Aradaki fark istatiksel olarak anlamlıydı. Ortalama görüntü kalitesi cerrahi öncesi %44,53 iken cerrahi sonrası %63,51 idi. Aradaki fark istatiksel olarak yine anlamlıydı. Sonuç: Katarakt varlığı OKT’de görüntü kalitesini etkilemektedir ve RNFL ölçümlerinin daha düşük çıkmasına yol açmaktadır. Katarakt cerrahisi OKT’de görüntü kalitesini arttırarak RNFL ölçümlerinin daha sağlıklı elde edilmesini sağlar. (Turk J Ophthalmol 2014; 44: 284-7