Fragmentation and Multifragmentation of 10.6A GeV Gold Nuclei

We present the results of a study performed on the interactions of 10.6A GeV gold nuclei in nuclear emulsions. In a minimum bias sample of 1311 interac- tions, 5260 helium nuclei and 2622 heavy fragments were observed as Au projec- tile fragments. The experimental data are analyzed with particular emphasis of target separation interactions in emulsions and study of criticalexponents. Multiplicity distributions of the fast-moving projectile fragments are inves- tigated. Charged fragment moments, conditional moments as well as two and three -body asymmetries of the fast moving projectile particles are determined in terms of the total charge remaining bound in the multiply charged projectile fragments. Some differences in the average yields of helium nuclei and heavier fragments are observed, which may be attributed to a target effect. However, two and three-body asymmetries and conditional moments indicate that the breakup mechanism of the projectile seems to be independent of target mass. We looked for evidence of critical point observable in finite nuclei by study the resulting charged fragments distributions. We have obtained the values for the critical exponents gamma, beta and tau and compare our results with those at lower energy experiment (1.0A GeV data). The values suggest that a phase transition like behavior, is observed.Comment: latex, revtex, 28 pages, 12 figures, 3tables, submitted to Europysics Journal

Synchronous personal method of language studying speech behavior in implicit pragmalinguistics

Any speech behavior reflects personal characteristics of the speakers. In speech, communicants actualize their individual, social, national, and cultural characteristics, which are in an inseparable unity and represent a specific linguistic behavior. However, the authors note that the features of the actualization of these characteristics and their combination change, which depends on the communication situation and on a particular speech genre. The main approach of the research is the synchronous-personal approach. The authors examined and analyzed examples of the speech behavior of a particular prosecutor. They studied his speeches in a jury, in a professional court, and a newspaper article written by him. All speeches have similar features: 1) the same parameters of the personal, social and objective planes of the implicit speech strategy “Participation / Nonparticipation of members of communication in a speech event”, 2) almost similar indicators of certain / uncertain statements of the implicit speech strategy “Sure/Unsure speech behavior of an author” in the speech to professionals in the court and in the newspaper text. All three speeches have more negative attitudes to the speech event. The study distinguished significant differences. The indexes of all the planes in the speech before the jury differ in comparison with the speech before the professionals and in the newspaper article. The authors revealed a strict connection between the sender’s speech behavior and various targets of the addressee. Speech behavior also depends on the recipients of these texts. It has been proved that human speech behavior is not a static system, and it can change, which depends on communicants’ interaction. © 2020, Slovenska Vzdelavacia Obstaravacia. All rights reserved

A hierarchically zeolite Y for the N-heterocyclic compounds synthesis

High activity and selectivity of the hierarchical H-Ymmm zeolite in the synthesis of practically important pyridines (by interaction of C2–C4 alcohols with formaldehyde and ammonia, cyclocondensation of acetaldehyde and propanal with ammonia), dialkyl quinolines (by reaction of aniline with aldehydes) and alkyl dihydroquinolines (by reaction of aniline with ketones- acetone, acetophenone) were revealed in the research.The advantages of the micro-meso-macroporous H-Ymmm zeolite over the microporous H-Y zeolite in the synthesis of pyridines and quinolines were demonstrated. In the products formed by the reaction of ethanol with formaldehyde and ammonia, picolines (up to 63%) and lutidine are predominant in H-Ymmm, Pb-H-Ymmm and Fe-H-Ymmm zeolites. The interaction of n-propanol (n-butanol) with formaldehyde and ammonia in the presence of H-Ymmm zeolite with high selectivity produced 3,5-lutidine (up to 90%) or 3,5-diethylpyridine (85%). H-Ymmm zeolite makes it possible to prepare 2-methyl-5-ethylpyridine with 87% selectivity (reaction of acetaldehyde with ammonia) and 2-ethyl-3,5-dimethylpyridine with 58% selectivity (reaction of propanal with ammonia).The synthesis of dialkylquinolines and dialkyltetrahydroquinolines with a total selectivity of 65–73% by the interaction of aniline with C3–C5 aldehydes has been carried out. The dihydroquinoline derivatives with the selectivity of up to 70% have been synthesized by the reaction of aniline with ketones (acetone, acetophenone). Keywords: N-heterocyclic compounds synthesis, Pyridines, Dialkyl quinolines, Alkyl dihydroquinolines, A hierarchically zeolite

Полиморфизм гена адипонутрина (PNPLAЗ) у коренных жителей Республики Саха (Якутия), страдающих сахарным диабетом 2-го типа

Rationale: The association of rs738409 I148M polymorphism with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease has been confirmed for several ethnic and territorial groups. Up to now, no such studies have been performed in the populations of Yakutia.Aim: To study allele frequency distribution and to identify associations of the PNPLA3 gene polymorphism (rs738409 CG) with T2DM in the Yakuts.Materials and methods: DNA samples from 106 T2DM patients were used in the study; the control group included samples from 72 healthy volunteers. All study participants were ethnic Yakuts and were living in the territory of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), Russian Federation. rs738409 polymorphism of the PNPLA3 gene was studied by polymerase chain reaction and by restriction fragment length polymorphism.Results: There were no significant difference in the distribution of the allele frequencies and genotypes of the polymorphous variant of the PNPLA3 gene (rs738409) between the T2DM patients and the healthy control. Both groups showed prevailing allele G (р = 0.01) and homozygous genotype GG (96%).Conclusion: High frequency of the allele G (74.1%) with predominance of GG genotype (58.5%) was found in type 2 diabetic patients.Актуальность. Ассоциация полиморфизма rs738409 I148M с сахарным диабетом 2-го типа (СД2) и неалкогольной жировой болезнью печени была подтверждена в  нескольких этнических и  географических группах. До настоящего времени в популяциях Якутии подобные исследования не проводились.Цель – изучить распределение частот аллелей и выявить ассоциации полиморфного варианта гена PNPLA3 (rs738409 CG) с СД2 у якутов.Материал и методы. Для исследования использованы образцы ДНК 106 пациентов с диагнозом СД2, группой сравнения служила выборка из 72  здоровых добровольцев. Все участники исследования по этнической принадлежности были якутами и  проживали на территории Республики Саха (Якутия). Исследования полиморфизма rs738409 гена PNPLA3 проводились методом полимеразной цепной реакции и полиморфизма длин рестрикционных фрагментов.Результаты. Анализ распределения частот аллелей и генотипов полиморфного варианта гена PNPLA3 (rs738409) в группах больных СД2 и здоровых не выявил статистически значимых различий, в  обеих группах преобладал аллель G (р = 0,01) и гомозиготный генотип GG (96%).Заключение. У больных СД2 обнаружена высокая частота аллеля G (74,1%) с преобладанием генотипа GG (58,5%)

Hydrogel dressings

Hydrogels are materials with unique properties that allow them to be applied in major aspects of human activities. Modern hydrogel wound dressings are often classified as hydrocolloid dressings, alginate dressings, flat hydrogel dressings, amorphous hydrogel dressings, foam dressings, films, and composite materials composed of a fibrous substrate impregnated with hydrogel forming polymer. This chapter considers several methods used for the production of hydrogel wound dressings by polymerization of monomers and cross‐linking of polymers. Cross‐linking of polymers is a more common way of producing hydrogel wound dressings because it gives an opportunity to avoid contamination of the final product with unreacted toxic or irritating components (monomers and initiator). There are a few cross‐linking techniques that can be used for the production of hydrogel dressings: physical cross‐linking; cross‐linking by low molecular weight compounds; ultraviolet, gamma, and electron beam irradiation; condensation reactions between functional groups of polymers; enzymatic cross‐linking; and interpenetrating polymer network cross‐linking