Transtornos depressivos associados à neurocisticercose: prevalência e correlações clínicas Depressive disorders associated with neurocysticercosis: prevalence and clinical correlations

OBJETIVO: Investigar a ocorrência e os fatores de risco para morbidade depressiva em uma amostra de 38 pacientes ambulatoriais com neurocisticercose. MÉTODOS: O diagnóstico psiquiátrico baseou-se nos exames do estado mental atual e pregresso, respectivamente obtidos pelas entrevistas estruturadas do PSE-9 e SADS-L; as funções cognitivas foram avaliadas pelo MMS e pelo roteiro de Strub & Black (Mental Status Examination). RESULTADOS: Transtornos depressivos foram o achado psiquiátrico mais frequente (63,1%) entre os pacientes da amostra. Destes, 20 (52,6%) mostravam-se deprimidos no momento da avaliação e 4 apresentaram depressão no passado. Entre os pacientes deprimidos, 16 preencheram critérios diagnósticos do DSM-III-R para transtorno orgânico do humor (k = 0,4). Antecedentes pessoais de depressão (p = 0,006), sinais de atividade da doença (p = 0,044) e ocorrência de hipertensão intracraniana (p=0,065) foram os parâmetros clínicos que se correlacionaram com a presença de depressão. CONCLUSÕES: Tais achados, aliados à ausência de predomínio do sexo feminino entre os casos de depressão, sugerem etiologia orgânica. Os autores discutem essas observações à luz da literatura sobre outros transtornos mentais orgânicos.<br>OBJECTIVE: To determine the frequency and features of psychiatric morbidity in a cross-section of 38 outpatients with neurocysticercosis. METHODS: Diagnosis of neurocysticercosis was established by CT scan, MRI and CSF analysis. Psychiatric diagnoses were made by using the Present State Examination and the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia - Lifetime version; cognitive state was assessed by Mini-Mental State Examination and Strub & Black's Mental Status Examination. RESULTS: Depression was the most frequent psychiatric diagnosis (52.6%) as shown by PSE. Active disease and intracranial hypertension were associated with higher psychiatric morbidity, and previous history of mood disorders was strongly related to current depression. CONCLUSIONS: Depression syndromes are frequent in patients with neurocysticercosis. The extent to which organic mechanisms related to brain lesions may underlie the observed mental changes is yet unclear, though the similar sex distribution of patients with and without depression, as well as the above mentioned correlations, provide further evidence of the role played by organic factors in the cause of these syndromes. The results of this study are discussed in the light of the data available for other organic psychiatric disorders

Good Vibrations – Effects of Whole Body Vibration on Attention in Healthy Individuals and Individuals with ADHD

Objectives: Most of the current treatment strategies of ADHD are associated with a number of disadvantages which strengthen the need for alternative or additional approaches for the reatment of ADHD. In this respect, Whole Body Vibration (WBV) might be interesting as it was found to have beneficial effects on a variety of physiological measures. The present study explored the effects of WBV on attention of healthy individuals and adults diagnosed with ADHD. Methods: Eighty-three healthy individuals and seventeen adults diagnosed with ADHD participated in the study. WBV treatment was applied passively, while participants were sitting on a chair which was mounted on a vibrating platform. A repeated measure design was employed in order to explore potential effects of WBV treatment on attention within subjects. Attention (i.e. inhibitory control) was measured with a color-word interference paradigm. Results: A period of two minutes of WBV treatment had significant beneficial effects of small to medium size on attention of both healthy individuals and adults with ADHD. The effect of WBV treatment on attention did not differ significantly between groups. Conclusions: WBV was demonstrated to improve cognitive performance of healthy individuals as well as of individuals with ADHD. WBV treatment is relatively inexpensive and easy to apply and might therefore be of potential relevance for clinical use. The application of WBV treatment as a cognitive enhancement strategy and as a potential treatment of cognitive impairments is discussed