Patient?s perception of the events during and after Osteogenic Alveolar Distraction

Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate the patient?s perception of the events during and after an osteogenic alveolar distraction (OAD) procedure Materials and Methods: A total of fifty-five (55) osteogenic alveolar distraction (OAD) procedures were performed in fifty (50) patients, who then were asked to answer ten (10) questions related to the treatment. Six (6) questions made reference to predefined values in a Visual Analogical Scale (VAS), three (3) questions could be answered by a predetermined answer, and only one (1) question had a free answer. Results: In 76% of cases, the patient?s description of the sensation felt during the surgery was good and bearable; 84% of the patients didn?t feel pain after surgery. 4% of the patients felt pain during the activation period and 58% of the patients described the sensation during the activation period as pressure, felt most commonly, at the end of the period, and for about 20 minutes (66.6 %). In these cases the most frequently used analgesic was Paracetamol. Also, 46% expressed having had some difficulty to activate the device, with 10% of them in need of extra help. The presence of the activation rod caused discomfort in 52%. Finally, 78% of the patients treated with OAD would undergo this procedure again if it was necessary. A bone graft was performed in 27 out of the 50 treated patients, with 70% of them describing the bone graft surgery as more painful than the OAD. Conclusion: The OAD technique had a high degree of acceptance among the treated patients, however, some details as the interference of the activation rod continue to disturb them. The acceptance of the OAD technique is much better when compared with bone graft surgery technique as a second treatment

Patient?s perception of improvement after surgical assisted maxillary expansion (SAME) : pilot study

Objective: Clinicians often assume that changes following orthognathic surgery are both physically and psychologically beneficial to the patient. The present study investigates patient perception regarding improvement after surgically assisted rapid maxillary expansion. Study design: A survey with twenty-three patients was carried out to identify satisfaction with the surgical outcome and assess whether the surgery met patient expectations. General information was also collected on schooling, age, gender, chief complaint and reasons for seeking treatment. Results: Most patients (n = 19; 82%) were advised to undergo surgery by a dentist. Twenty-two (95%) patients reported being satisfied with the operation procedure. Twenty-one (91%) patients reported that the procedure met their expectations. Nineteen respondents would undergo the same operation again and would recommend treatment to others with similar problems. Conclusion: The need for surgery associated with orthodontic appliances to correct a transverse maxillary deficiency requires a proper explanation to patients regarding the procedure and postoperative period in order to ensure realistic expectations concerning the surgical goals

The surgical patient: part I

A cirurgia é o procedimento terapêutico invasivo para uma variedade de distúrbios fisiopatológicos, que implica a remoção ou reparação de um órgão ou parte deste. O paciente que irá se submeter a uma intervenção cirúrgica, paciente cirúrgico, deve estar idealmente na melhor forma física e mental, mas nem sempre esta situação é possível. Ao indicar uma intervenção cirúrgica, faz-se necessário estimar o risco cirúrgico, que está associado a fatores próprios do paciente e do tipo de procedimento cirúrgico, buscando determinar as modificações específicas necessárias de acordo com o grau de comprometimento do paciente, sendo importante ter a percepção plena de cada paciente. Com a visão da importância da avaliação e cuidados pré-operatórios ao paciente cirúrgico, este trabalho objetiva discutir aspectos pré-operatórios, preparo do paciente e da equipe cirúrgica, critérios para prescrição medicamentosa, evolução clínica e alta hospitalar._________________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT: Surgery is an invasive procedure performed for a variety of physiopathological disorders and implies the removal or repair of either an organ or part of an organ. Ideally, the surgical patient should be physically and mentally fit, but this is not always possible. When indicating surgical intervention, it is necessary to estimate the degree of risk, which is associated to both individual patient factors and the type of surgical procedure. The aim is to determine necessary modifications based on the degree of patient impairment. For such, the complete perception of each patient is important. With a view to the importance of the preoperative assessment of surgical patients, this paper discusses preoperative aspects, the preparation of both the patient and surgical team, criteria for the prescription of medications, clinical evolution and discharge from the hospital

Cryosurgery as an Option for the Treatment of Vascular Lesions of the Oral Cavity

Cryosurgery is a treatment modality consisting in the destruction of tissue by the application of extremely low temperatures. This causes irreversible damage to cellular metabolism, leading to tissue destruction within minutes, a mechanism that may be beneficial when used in diseased tissues. Because cryosurgery is effective, simple, and easy to perform, it has been used in the treatment of lesions in both medical and dental fields. This technique provides many advantages, such as easy operation, absence of intraoperative bleeding, and low infection rate. We report the case of a patient with a hemangiomatous lesion of the oral cavity who was treated with liquid nitrogen spray cryosurgery, with successful results at 18-month follow-up

Microscopic Image Segmentation to Quantification of Leishmania Infection in Macrophages

The determination of infection rate parameter from in vitro macrophages infected by Leishmania amastigotes is fundamental in the study of vaccine candidates and new drugs for the treatment of leishmaniasis. The conventional method that consists in the amastigotes count inside macrophages, normally is done by a trained microscope technician, which is liable to misinterpretation and sampling. The objective of this work is to develop a method for the segmentation of images to enable the automatic calculation of the infection rate by amastigotes. Segmentation is based on mathematical morphology in the context of a computer vision system. The results obtained by computer vision system presents a 95% accuracy in comparison to the conventional method. Therefore, the proposed method can contribute to the speed and accuracy of analysis of infection rate, minimizing errors from the traditional methods, especially in situations where exhaustive repetitions of the procedure are required from the technician.A determinação de parâmetros como taxa de infecção em monocultura de macrófagos cultivados in vitro com Leishmania é fundamental no estudo de candidatos vacinais e novos fármacos para o tratamento de leishmanioses. O método convencional que consiste na contagem de amastigotas no interior de macrófagos, normalmente é realizada por um especialista treinado em microscopia óptica, o que está sujeito a erros de interpretação e amostragem. O objetivo do trabalho é desenvolver um método para a segmentação de imagens como etapa preliminar para o cálculo automático da taxa de infecção por amastigotas. A segmentação é baseada em morfologia matemática no contexto de um sistema de visão computacional. Os resultados obtidos pelo método computacional demonstraram acerto de 95% quando comparados ao método convencional. Conclui-se que a metodologia computacional baseada na segmentação de imagem como pré-requisito para o cálculo de taxa de infecção, pode contribuir para a rapidez e a precisão na obtenção dos resultados e na minimização de erros cometidos no método tradicional, especialmente em situações em que exaustivas repetições do procedimento são exigidas ao observador

Etipatogenia, diagnóstico e tratamento das infecções de origem dentária: revisão de literatura / Etiopathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of dental infections: literature review

As infecções de origem dentária podem causar graves problemas à saúde do indivíduo, tratando-se de uma preocupação de saúde pública. Essas infecções podem ser originadas de diversos meios, sejam estes, através da necrose pulpar, por cárie ou decorrente da invasão bacteriana para os tecidos periapicais, além de bolsas periodontais profundas, pericoronarite ou através de traumatismo dentário. A abordagem terapêutica dessas infecções variam de acordo com a forma de evolução, organismo causador, além das estruturas anatômicas comprometidas, com isso quando o fator etiológico for eliminado, o processo inflamatório desaparecerá. O objetivo deste artigo é discutir sobre a etiopatogenia, classificação, sintomatologia, diagnóstico e tratamento apropriado das infecções de origem dentária. Este artigo se trata de uma revisão integrativa de literatura. Conclui-se que uma infecção de origem dentária pode ser combatida a partir de diversas condutas, tanto pelo próprio organismo do hospedeiro através de mecanismos da resposta imunológica quanto por condutas clínicas e terapêuticas, sendo essencial a prescrição correta e segura de antibióticos