E3MS: A traffic engineering prototype for autoprovisioning services in IP/DiffServ/MPLS networks

This paper presents the testbed definition, implementation and trials of a new strategy for traffic autoprovisioning for MPLS and IP/DiffServ. This is the proof of concept of a new scenario for traffic engineering, for selfconfiguring control and end-to-end quality of service management by means of a tool based on Web Services. The system is structured in 3 layers: A Graphical User Interface, a Network Elements layer (an interface to physical devices) and, in the middle, a Network Management System layer, where decisions about admission, load balancing, path selection, rerouting and bandwidth allocation per class are taken. The system includes Dynamic Resource Allocation (DRA) and Background Monitoring System (BMS) modules to globally manage network resources. The so-called Squatter and Legalization mechanisms are introduced as novelties added to traffic engineering. Those strategies permit the use of part of the available resources from other classes only while unused by the class owning them. The trials hav validated the management system, using Cisco routers.Postprint (published version

La emergencia climática en economías turistizadas: la necesaria transición económica, ecológica y social como base para una mitigación efectiva

Mitigation has to be central in climate action. Under this recognition, the paper discusses the urgent need to understand mitigation within the framework of a strategy oriented to restructuring the socioeconomic model inherent to industrial civilization, which intensively uses resources, materials and energy and provokes important social inequalities. The role of the tourism industry growth in deteriorating the biosphere makes interesting focusing the analysis on the need of restructuring the socioeconomic model of touristified regions as a way to solve for the ecological and social conflicts they both suffer from and impose upon the world. In this sense, and because they are a top world holiday destination, the paper presents the case of the Balearic Islands in an attempt to promote similar analyses in other tourism monoculture regions. It wants to stimulate social debate in these territories for their fight against climate change to be more coherent and hence more efficient and effective. As an urgent task for a successful mitigation, the article recommends to plan a tourism degrowth strategy searching to degrow the deterioration of the resource base to better adapt to an expected future with a lesser amount of resources and tourist flows. This will require changing the rules of the game in the global economy. Linking such a degrowth strategy to a quantitative variable measuring the environmental deterioration will make its goal more meaningful as it will provide the strategy with a sounder conceptual basis. This is expected to result in a more feasible and convincing strategy, thus helping to generate a social pressure enough to stimulate the necessary change overcoming the statu quo resistance.Desde el reconocimiento de que la mitigación debe constituir el eje central de la política climática, este artículo reflexiona acerca de la necesidad y urgencia de entenderla en el marco de una estrategia de reconversión del modelo socioeconómico característico de la civilización industrial, consumidor intensivo de recursos, materiales y energía y gran generador de residuos y emisiones, que, a su vez, provoca importantes desigualdades e iniquidades en el seno de la sociedad. El papel que juega el crecimiento de la industria turística en el deterioro de la biosfera hace que el análisis se centre en la relevancia de llevar a cabo esta reconversión en las llamadas economías turistizadas como vía hacia la resolución de los conflictos ecológicos y sociales que padecen y generan, también, en el resto del mundo. En este sentido, y por constituir una de las mayores potencias turísticas mundiales, se presenta el caso de las Islas Baleares como ejemplo paradigmático con el fin de estimular análisis parecidos en otras regiones que también basan su desarrollo en el monocultivo turístico. Se busca, con todo, incitar a la reflexión y promover el debate social en estos territorios para hacer más coherente, y, por tanto, eficiente y efectiva, su lucha contra el cambio climático. Como medida urgente para una mitigación exitosa, el artículo plantea la necesidad de que se planifique una estrategia de decrecimiento turístico que busque decrecer en el deterioro ambiental para adaptarse mejor al futuro que se avecina de decrecimiento en el uso de muchos recursos y en el número de turistas, lo que exigirá cambiar las reglas del juego económico imperante. Se estima que ligar dicha estrategia de decrecimiento a una variable cuantitativa que mida el deterioro ambiental permitirá dar sentido a su objetivo al dotarla de un respaldo conceptual más sólido, lo que puede hacerla no sólo más viable sino, también, más convincente, ayudando a generar la presión social suficiente para estimular el cambio necesario superando las resistencias que opondrá, sin duda, el statu quo

Initial analysis of SAR from a cell phone inside a vehicle by numerical computation.

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the influence of the metallic structures of a realistic car body frame on the specific absorption rate (SAR) produced by a cell phone when a complete human body model is placed at different locations inside the vehicle, and to identify the relevant parameters responsible for these changes. The modeling and analysis of the whole system was conducted by means of computer simulations based on the full wave finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) numerical method. The excitation considered was an 835 MHz 2 dipole located as a handsfree communication device or as a hand-held portable system. We compared the SAR at different planes on the human model, placed inside the vehicle with respect to the free space situation. The presence of the car body frame significantly changes the SAR distributions, especially when the dipole is far from the body. Although the results are not conclusive on this point, this change in SAR distribution is not likely to produce an increase above the limits in current guidelines for partial body exposure, but may be signifi- cant for whole-body exposure. The most relevant change found was the change in the impedance of the dipole, affecting the radiated power. A complementary result from the electromagnetic computations performed is the change in the electromagnetic field distribution inside a vehicle when human bodies are present. The whole vehicle model has been optimized to provide accurate results for sources placed inside the vehicle, while keeping low requirements for computer storage and simulation time.Peer Reviewe

Syntheses, crystal structures, and magnetic properties of metal-organic hybrid materials of Mn(II)/Co(II): three-fold interpenetrated alpha-polonium-like network in one of them

Three new 1,4-phenylenediacrylate bridged Mn(II) and Co(II) complexes with the molecular formulae {[Mn2(phen)4(H2O)2(ppda)]∙(ppda)∙2(H2O)}(1), {[Co(ppda)(dpyo)(H2O)3]∙4(H2O)}n (2), and {[Co(ppda)(bpe)]∙(0.5H2O)}n (3) [phen = 1,10-phenanthroline; ppda = 1,4-phenylenediacrylate; dpyo = 4,4´-dipyridyl N,N´-dioxide; bpe = 1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethane] have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectra, single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies and low temperature magnetic measurements. Structural determination reveals that complex 1 is dinuclear, 2 is a 1D polymeric chain, while 3 is a three-fold interpenetrated α-polonium-like network. Hydrogen bonding interactions, formed by coordinated and/or lattice water molecules with ppda oxygen, and staking interactions of aromatic rings lead to a 3D supramolecular architecture in both complexes 1 and 2. Low temperature magnetic study shows antiferromagnetic coupling in all the complexes. In addition, their electronic and fluorescent spectral properties have also been investigated