200 research outputs found
Towards an explicit expression of the Seiberg-Witten map at all orders
The Seiberg-Witten map links noncommutative gauge theories to ordinary gauge
theories, and allows to express the noncommutative variables in terms of the
commutative ones. Its explicit form can be found order by order in the
noncommutative parameter theta and the gauge potential A by the requirement
that gauge orbits are mapped on gauge orbits. This of course leaves
ambiguities, corresponding to gauge transformations, and there is an infinity
of solutions. Is there one better, clearer than the others ? In the abelian
case, we were able to find a solution, linked by a gauge transformation to
already known formulas, which has the property of admitting a recursive
formulation, uncovering some pattern in the map. In the special case of a pure
gauge, both abelian and non-abelian, these expressions can be summed up, and
the transformation is expressed using the parametrisation in terms of the gauge
group.Comment: 17 pages. Latex, 1 figure. v2: minor changes, published versio
Emergent Gravity from Noncommutative Spacetime
We showed before that self-dual electromagnetism in noncommutative (NC)
spacetime is equivalent to self-dual Einstein gravity. This result implies a
striking picture about gravity: Gravity can emerge from electromagnetism in NC
spacetime. Gravity is then a collective phenomenon emerging from gauge fields
living in fuzzy spacetime. We elucidate in some detail why electromagnetism in
NC spacetime should be a theory of gravity. In particular, we show that NC
electromagnetism is realized through the Darboux theorem as a diffeomorphism
symmetry G which is spontaneously broken to symplectomorphism H due to a
background symplectic two-form , giving rise to
NC spacetime. This leads to a natural speculation that the emergent gravity
from NC electromagnetism corresponds to a nonlinear realization G/H of the
diffeomorphism group, more generally its NC deformation. We also find some
evidences that the emergent gravity contains the structure of generalized
complex geometry and NC gravity. To illuminate the emergent gravity, we
illustrate how self-dual NC electromagnetism nicely fits with the twistor space
describing curved self-dual spacetime. We also discuss derivative corrections
of Seiberg-Witten map which give rise to higher order gravity.Comment: 50 pages; Cosmetic revision and updated reference
Supersymmetric AdS_5 solutions of M-theory
We analyse the most general supersymmetric solutions of D=11 supergravity
consisting of a warped product of five-dimensional anti-de-Sitter space with a
six-dimensional Riemannian space M_6, with four-form flux on M_6. We show that
M_6 is partly specified by a one-parameter family of four-dimensional Kahler
metrics. We find a large family of new explicit regular solutions where M_6 is
a compact, complex manifold which is topologically a two-sphere bundle over a
four-dimensional base, where the latter is either (i) Kahler-Einstein with
positive curvature, or (ii) a product of two constant-curvature Riemann
surfaces. After dimensional reduction and T-duality, some solutions in the
second class are related to a new family of Sasaki-Einstein spaces which
includes T^{1,1}/Z_2. Our general analysis also covers warped products of
five-dimensional Minkowski space with a six-dimensional Riemannian space.Comment: 40 pages. v2: minor changes, eqs. (2.22) and (D.12) correcte
New Examples of Flux Vacua
Type IIB toroidal orientifolds are among the earliest examples of flux vacua.
By applying T-duality, we construct the first examples of massive IIA flux
vacua with Minkowski space-times, along with new examples of type IIA flux
vacua. The backgrounds are surprisingly simple with no four-form flux at all.
They serve as illustrations of the ingredients needed to build type IIA and
massive IIA solutions with scale separation. To check that these backgrounds
are actually solutions, we formulate the complete set of type II supergravity
equations of motion in a very useful form that treats the R-R fields
democratically.Comment: 38 pages, LaTeX; references updated; additional minor comments added;
published versio
Generalized Kaehler Potentials from Supergravity
We consider supersymmetric N=2 solutions with non-vanishing NS three-form.
Building on worldsheet results, we reduce the problem to a single generalized
Monge-Ampere equation on the generalized Kaehler potential K recently
interpreted geometrically by Lindstrom, Rocek, Von Unge and Zabzine. One input
in the procedure is a holomorphic function w that can be thought of as the
effective superpotential for a D3 brane probe. The procedure is hence likely to
be useful for finding gravity duals to field theories with non-vanishing
abelian superpotential, such as Leigh-Strassler theories. We indeed show that a
purely NS precursor of the Lunin-Maldacena dual to the beta-deformed N=4
super-Yang-Mills falls in our class.Comment: "38 pages. v3: improved exposition and minor mistakes corrected in
sec. 4
Plasma Cytokine Atlas Reveals the Importance of TH2 Polarization and Interferons in Predicting COVID-19 Severity and Survival
Although it is now widely accepted that host inflammatory response contributes to COVID-19 immunopathogenesis, the pathways and mechanisms driving disease severity and clinical outcome remain poorly understood. In the effort to identify key soluble mediators that characterize life-threatening COVID-19, we quantified 62 cytokines, chemokines and other factors involved in inflammation and immunity in plasma samples, collected at hospital admission, from 80 hospitalized patients with severe COVID-19 disease who were stratified on the basis of clinical outcome (mechanical ventilation or death by day 28). Our data confirm that age, as well as neutrophilia, lymphocytopenia, procalcitonin, D-dimer and lactate dehydrogenase are strongly associated with the risk of fatal COVID-19. In addition, we found that cytokines related to TH2 regulations (IL-4, IL-13, IL-33), cell metabolism (lep, lep-R) and interferons (IFNα, IFNβ, IFNγ) were also predictive of life-threatening COVID-19
Plasma Cytokine Atlas Reveals the Importance of TH2 Polarization and Interferons in Predicting COVID-19 Severity and Survival
Although it is now widely accepted that host inflammatory response contributes to COVID-19 immunopathogenesis, the pathways and mechanisms driving disease severity and clinical outcome remain poorly understood. In the effort to identify key soluble mediators that characterize life-threatening COVID-19, we quantified 62 cytokines, chemokines and other factors involved in inflammation and immunity in plasma samples, collected at hospital admission, from 80 hospitalized patients with severe COVID-19 disease who were stratified on the basis of clinical outcome (mechanical ventilation or death by day 28). Our data confirm that age, as well as neutrophilia, lymphocytopenia, procalcitonin, D-dimer and lactate dehydrogenase are strongly associated with the risk of fatal COVID-19. In addition, we found that cytokines related to TH2 regulations (IL-4, IL-13, IL-33), cell metabolism (lep, lep-R) and interferons (IFNα, IFNβ, IFNγ) were also predictive of life-threatening COVID-19
Non-Perturbative Superpotentials in F-theory and String Duality
We use open-closed string duality between F-theory on K3xK3 and type II
strings on CY manifolds without branes to study non-perturbative
superpotentials in generalized flux compactifications. On the F-theory side we
obtain the full flux potential including D3-instanton contributions and show
that it leads to an explicit and simple realization of the three ingredients of
the KKLT model for stringy dS vacua. The D3-instanton contribution is highly
non-trivial, can be systematically computed including the determinant factors
and demonstrates that a particular flux lifts very effectively zero modes on
the instanton. On the closed string side, we propose a generalization of the
Gukov-Vafa-Witten superpotential for type II strings on generalized CY
manifolds, depending on all moduli multiplets.Comment: 49 pages, harvmac, 1 figure; references & figures adde
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