42 research outputs found
Convergence des rĂŽles par dĂ©faut ? : les contributions des Etats Membres de lâUnion europĂ©enne Ă la stabilisation et la rĂ©forme du secteur de sĂ©curitĂ© pendant lâintervention militaire en Afghanistan (2001-2014)
BasĂ© sur un engagement collectif qui a dĂ©butĂ© en 2001, cette thĂšse se penche sur le rĂŽle des Ătats membres de l'Union europĂ©enne (UE) dans la stabilisation de lâAfghanistan pendant l'intervention militaire de 2001 Ă 2014. La thĂšse analyse les contributions nationales et collectives des Etats membres Ă la stabilisation et la sĂ©curitĂ© nationale de l'Afghanistan, de la rĂ©forme du secteur de sĂ©curitĂ© Ă la formation de l'armĂ©e et de la police, du maintien de la paix aux combats et aux initiatives diplomatiques. La thĂšse montre que le Etats membres ont jouĂ© un rĂŽle important dans les prestations de sĂ©curitĂ©, mais leur impact collectif est en grande partie le rĂ©sultat de synergies entre des contributions nationales, et ces synergies ont Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©es en dehors des dynamiques ou des politiques europĂ©ennes. Le leadership amĂ©ricain a Ă©tĂ© un facteur important dans lâĂ©mergence dâun rĂŽle europĂ©en collectif par dĂ©faut. La thĂšse avance Ă©galement un argument thĂ©orique-conceptuel : Loin d'ĂȘtre un obstacle Ă un rĂŽle europĂ©en de sĂ©curitĂ© et de dĂ©fense, l'absence d'une politique ou d'un projet europĂ©en a agi comme un important catalyseur de la convergence des comportements, une fois quâun leadership amĂ©ricain pouvait ĂȘtre invoquĂ©. Cette convergence de comportements en matiĂšre de sĂ©curitĂ© et de dĂ©fense a eu lieu en dĂ©pit de la grande divergence des cultures stratĂ©giques entre les Etats membres. Elle a Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©e Ă partir dâactions conjointes mais sĂ©lectives qui furent insĂ©rĂ©es dans le cadre du leadership amĂ©ricain. Une politique collective et europĂ©enne nâa pas Ă©tĂ© nĂ©cessaire pour rĂ©aliser ce rĂŽle.Based on a collective engagement that has lasted since 2001, this thesis looks at the role(s) of the EU Member States (MS) in the provision of security during the intervention in Afghanistan (2001-2014). It analyzes their national and collective contribution(s) to Afghanistanâs post-2001 national security and Security Sector Reform (SSR), from military and police training to peace keeping, war fighting and diplomatic initiatives. The dissertation shows the MS played an important role in security provision, but their collective impact was largely the result of synergies between national contributions that occurred outside of European dynamics or policy planning. US campaign leadership was an important enabler of this collective European role by default. The dissertation also advances a theoretical-conceptual argument: Far from being an impediment to a European role in security and defense, the absence of a European policy or project acted as an important enabler of behavioral convergence once a US lead could be relied upon. This behavioral convergence in security and defense occurred despite the great strategic cultural divergence between the MS. It consisted of, and was driven by, joined-up action on an opt-in/opt-out basis, while a collective European policy was not necessary
Forward Procrastination? Afghanistanâs Lessons about Europeâs Role as a Security Provider
If the St Malo process implicitly carried potential to develop European
âstrategic actornessâ and some European security autonomy, throughout
the Afghan experience Europeans have, despite occasional opt-outs, largely
converged around a role of complementing the USâ security leadership.
With respect to the Europeansâ collective presence in the international
security arena, the rhetoric of âshapingâ global events seems to have given
way to a rather passive-reactive attitude vis-Ă -vis Europeâs security concerns,
and the Afghan case exemplifies this dynamic. The combined lack
of ambition and capability in member state and EU security contributions
makes one wonder if the Europeansâ security role is really about offering
solutions to the fires on their southern and eastern surroundings, or rather
about âforward procrastinationâ and reactive containment
From Aspirations to Aspirin?:The Afghan campaign and Europeâs quasi-strategic inertia
Recent literature dealing with the European security and defense policy tends to paint a bleak picture, basically telling a story of decline or complacency; an ESDP/CSDP that started with high aspirations, and now âfades outâ with a headache after it âdied over Libyaâ. This paper acknowledges the seriousness of the situation. Challenging these âdeclinistâ approaches, however, it considers the case of Afghanistan and proposes to think about a European ârole by defaultâ with quasi-strategic effects. Thus, the paper accepts the lack of convergence between Europeâs national strategic cultures as a given. It highlights the paradox that European convergence around this default role is both a function of a European desire for â or complacency vis-Ă -vis â the USâ security leadership, as well as a quasi-strategic expression of accumulated inertia vis-Ă -vis the US, which preserves a modicum of e a modicum of strategic autonomy from the US. This notion of a role by default is a more adequate approach to Europeâs security role than attempts to think up a âEuropean strategic cultureâ.La campagne afghane et lâinertie quasi-stratĂ©gique de lâEuropeLa littĂ©rature rĂ©cente traitant de la politique europĂ©enne de sĂ©curitĂ© et de dĂ©fense tend Ă peindre un tableau sombre, Ă©voquant essentiellement une histoire de dĂ©clin ou de complaisance ; elle dĂ©crit souvent une PESD/PSDC qui aurait commencĂ© avec des aspirations Ă©levĂ©es, souffrant dĂ©sormais dâune forte « migraine » et risquant mĂȘme de disparaĂźtre aprĂšs la dĂ©bĂącle libyenne. Sans nier ces difficultĂ©s, cet article, qui examine le cas de lâAfghanistan, prend le contre-pied de ce « dĂ©clinisme » et propose de rĂ©flĂ©chir Ă un rĂŽle europĂ©en « par dĂ©faut » â mais avec des effets quasi stratĂ©giques. Ainsi, il accepte la persistance de diffĂ©rences substantielles entre les cultures stratĂ©giques nationales des Ă©tats membres de lâUE, mais met en Ă©vidence le paradoxe que la convergence europĂ©enne autour de ce « rĂŽle par dĂ©faut » est Ă la fois le rĂ©sultat dâune volontĂ© de â ou dâune complaisance vis-Ă -vis du â leadership amĂ©ricain, et lâexpression accumulĂ©e dâune inertie globalement partagĂ©e, conservant ainsi une marge dâautonomie stratĂ©gique vis-Ă -vis des Ătats-Unis. Cette notion dâun rĂŽle par dĂ©faut est une approche plus appropriĂ©e au rĂŽle de sĂ©curitĂ© de lâEurope que les tentatives de penser une « culture stratĂ©gique europĂ©enne »
Convergence des rĂŽles par dĂ©faut ? : les contributions des Etats Membres de lâUnion europĂ©enne Ă la stabilisation et la rĂ©forme du secteur de sĂ©curitĂ© pendant lâintervention militaire en Afghanistan (2001-2014)
Based on a collective engagement that has lasted since 2001, this thesis looks at the role(s) of the EU Member States (MS) in the provision of security during the intervention in Afghanistan (2001-2014). It analyzes their national and collective contribution(s) to Afghanistanâs post-2001 national security and Security Sector Reform (SSR), from military and police training to peace keeping, war fighting and diplomatic initiatives. The dissertation shows the MS played an important role in security provision, but their collective impact was largely the result of synergies between national contributions that occurred outside of European dynamics or policy planning. US campaign leadership was an important enabler of this collective European role by default.The dissertation also advances a theoretical-conceptual argument: Far from being an impediment to a European role in security and defense, the absence of a European policy or project acted as an important enabler of behavioral convergence once a US lead could be relied upon. This behavioral convergence in security and defense occurred despite the great strategic cultural divergence between the MS. It consisted of, and was driven by, joined-up action on an opt-in/opt-out basis, while a collective European policy was not necessary.BasĂ© sur un engagement collectif qui a dĂ©butĂ© en 2001, cette thĂšse se penche sur le rĂŽle des Ătats membres de l'Union europĂ©enne (UE) dans la stabilisation de lâAfghanistan pendant l'intervention militaire de 2001 Ă 2014. La thĂšse analyse les contributions nationales et collectives des Etats membres Ă la stabilisation et la sĂ©curitĂ© nationale de l'Afghanistan, de la rĂ©forme du secteur de sĂ©curitĂ© Ă la formation de l'armĂ©e et de la police, du maintien de la paix aux combats et aux initiatives diplomatiques. La thĂšse montre que le Etats membres ont jouĂ© un rĂŽle important dans les prestations de sĂ©curitĂ©, mais leur impact collectif est en grande partie le rĂ©sultat de synergies entre des contributions nationales, et ces synergies ont Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©es en dehors des dynamiques ou des politiques europĂ©ennes. Le leadership amĂ©ricain a Ă©tĂ© un facteur important dans lâĂ©mergence dâun rĂŽle europĂ©en collectif par dĂ©faut.La thĂšse avance Ă©galement un argument thĂ©orique-conceptuel : Loin d'ĂȘtre un obstacle Ă un rĂŽle europĂ©en de sĂ©curitĂ© et de dĂ©fense, l'absence d'une politique ou d'un projet europĂ©en a agi comme un important catalyseur de la convergence des comportements, une fois quâun leadership amĂ©ricain pouvait ĂȘtre invoquĂ©.Cette convergence de comportements en matiĂšre de sĂ©curitĂ© et de dĂ©fense a eu lieu en dĂ©pit de la grande divergence des cultures stratĂ©giques entre les Etats membres. Elle a Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©e Ă partir dâactions conjointes mais sĂ©lectives qui furent insĂ©rĂ©es dans le cadre du leadership amĂ©ricain. Une politique collective et europĂ©enne nâa pas Ă©tĂ© nĂ©cessaire pour rĂ©aliser ce rĂŽle
From Aspirations to Aspirin?:The Afghan campaign and Europeâs quasi-strategic inertia
Recent literature dealing with the European security and defense policy tends to paint a bleak picture, basically telling a story of decline or complacency; an ESDP/CSDP that started with high aspirations, and now âfades outâ with a headache after it âdied over Libyaâ. This paper acknowledges the seriousness of the situation. Challenging these âdeclinistâ approaches, however, it considers the case of Afghanistan and proposes to think about a European ârole by defaultâ with quasi-strategic effects. Thus, the paper accepts the lack of convergence between Europeâs national strategic cultures as a given. It highlights the paradox that European convergence around this default role is both a function of a European desire for â or complacency vis-Ă -vis â the USâ security leadership, as well as a quasi-strategic expression of accumulated inertia vis-Ă -vis the US, which preserves a modicum of e a modicum of strategic autonomy from the US. This notion of a role by default is a more adequate approach to Europeâs security role than attempts to think up a âEuropean strategic cultureâ.La campagne afghane et lâinertie quasi-stratĂ©gique de lâEuropeLa littĂ©rature rĂ©cente traitant de la politique europĂ©enne de sĂ©curitĂ© et de dĂ©fense tend Ă peindre un tableau sombre, Ă©voquant essentiellement une histoire de dĂ©clin ou de complaisance ; elle dĂ©crit souvent une PESD/PSDC qui aurait commencĂ© avec des aspirations Ă©levĂ©es, souffrant dĂ©sormais dâune forte « migraine » et risquant mĂȘme de disparaĂźtre aprĂšs la dĂ©bĂącle libyenne. Sans nier ces difficultĂ©s, cet article, qui examine le cas de lâAfghanistan, prend le contre-pied de ce « dĂ©clinisme » et propose de rĂ©flĂ©chir Ă un rĂŽle europĂ©en « par dĂ©faut » â mais avec des effets quasi stratĂ©giques. Ainsi, il accepte la persistance de diffĂ©rences substantielles entre les cultures stratĂ©giques nationales des Ă©tats membres de lâUE, mais met en Ă©vidence le paradoxe que la convergence europĂ©enne autour de ce « rĂŽle par dĂ©faut » est Ă la fois le rĂ©sultat dâune volontĂ© de â ou dâune complaisance vis-Ă -vis du â leadership amĂ©ricain, et lâexpression accumulĂ©e dâune inertie globalement partagĂ©e, conservant ainsi une marge dâautonomie stratĂ©gique vis-Ă -vis des Ătats-Unis. Cette notion dâun rĂŽle par dĂ©faut est une approche plus appropriĂ©e au rĂŽle de sĂ©curitĂ© de lâEurope que les tentatives de penser une « culture stratĂ©gique europĂ©enne »