MÁRIO DE ANDRADE E O TAMBOR DE CRIOULA DO MARANHÃO

Tambor de Crioula no Maranhão, é uma dança de negros ao som de tambores, sobre a qual, até hoje ainda há poucos trabalhos divulgados. É dança de umbigada semelhante a outras do mesmo gênero no país. No Maranhão possui características específicas e só aqui é conhecido com este nome. Mário de Andrade, diretor do Departamento Municipal de Cultura, organizou em 1937/38, através da Biblioteca Pública Municipal de São Paulo, uma Missão de Pesquisas Folclóricas ao Norte e Nordeste do Brasil que documentou, entre diversas manifestações culturais, o tambor de crioula e o tambor de mina em São Luís, cujo relatório foi publicado por Oneyda Alvarenga em 1948. Comentamos aqui o trabalho da Missão de Pesquisas Folclóricas (MPF) sobre o tambor de crioula, analisando a importância e a situação atual desta manifestação de cultura popular. Apresentamos caracterização geral da dança comparando-a com o tambor de mina, com a qual até hoje tem sido confundia. Talvez esta confusão, se deva em parte, a ambas terem sido classificadas por Mário de Andrade, como música de feitiçaria.Palavras-chave: Missão Folclórica. Mário de Andrade. Tambor de Crioula e Tambor de Mina.ABSTRACTTambor de Crioula in Maranhão is a dance mainly of black people to the sound of drums, and about which there are relatively few academic works at the present time. It is a face-to-face dance (termedumbigada) similar to others of a similar genre in Brazil. In Maranhão it has specific characteristics and it is only here that it is known under this name. In 1937/38 Mário de Andrade, the director of the Municipal Department of Culture, organized, with aid from the Municipal Public Library of São Paulo, a Mission of Study of Folklore in the north and northeast of Brazil. This Mission documented, alongside other representations of local culture, Tambor de Crioula and Tambor de Mina in São Luis and a report on this was published in 1948 by Oneyda Alvarenga. We comment here on the work of the Mission of Folklore Research (MPF) about Tambor de Crioula, analyzing the importance and the situation nowadays of this representation of popular culture. We present a general characterization of the dance comparing it with Tambor de Mina with which it has often been confused. Possibly this confusion is, at least partly, due to the fact that both had been classified, by Mario de Andrade, as music of witchcraft.Key-words: Folklore Mission. Mário de Andrade. Tambor de Crioula and Tambor de Mina

Penilaian Kinerja Keuangan Koperasi di Kabupaten Pelalawan

This paper describe development and financial performance of cooperative in District Pelalawan among 2007 - 2008. Studies on primary and secondary cooperative in 12 sub-districts. Method in this stady use performance measuring of productivity, efficiency, growth, liquidity, and solvability of cooperative. Productivity of cooperative in Pelalawan was highly but efficiency still low. Profit and income were highly, even liquidity of cooperative very high, and solvability was good

Juxtaposing BTE and ATE – on the role of the European insurance industry in funding civil litigation

One of the ways in which legal services are financed, and indeed shaped, is through private insurance arrangement. Two contrasting types of legal expenses insurance contracts (LEI) seem to dominate in Europe: before the event (BTE) and after the event (ATE) legal expenses insurance. Notwithstanding institutional differences between different legal systems, BTE and ATE insurance arrangements may be instrumental if government policy is geared towards strengthening a market-oriented system of financing access to justice for individuals and business. At the same time, emphasizing the role of a private industry as a keeper of the gates to justice raises issues of accountability and transparency, not readily reconcilable with demands of competition. Moreover, multiple actors (clients, lawyers, courts, insurers) are involved, causing behavioural dynamics which are not easily predicted or influenced. Against this background, this paper looks into BTE and ATE arrangements by analysing the particularities of BTE and ATE arrangements currently available in some European jurisdictions and by painting a picture of their respective markets and legal contexts. This allows for some reflection on the performance of BTE and ATE providers as both financiers and keepers. Two issues emerge from the analysis that are worthy of some further reflection. Firstly, there is the problematic long-term sustainability of some ATE products. Secondly, the challenges faced by policymakers that would like to nudge consumers into voluntarily taking out BTE LEI

Search for stop and higgsino production using diphoton Higgs boson decays

Results are presented of a search for a "natural" supersymmetry scenario with gauge mediated symmetry breaking. It is assumed that only the supersymmetric partners of the top-quark (stop) and the Higgs boson (higgsino) are accessible. Events are examined in which there are two photons forming a Higgs boson candidate, and at least two b-quark jets. In 19.7 inverse femtobarns of proton-proton collision data at sqrt(s) = 8 TeV, recorded in the CMS experiment, no evidence of a signal is found and lower limits at the 95% confidence level are set, excluding the stop mass below 360 to 410 GeV, depending on the higgsino mass

Impacts of the Tropical Pacific/Indian Oceans on the Seasonal Cycle of the West African Monsoon

The current consensus is that drought has developed in the Sahel during the second half of the twentieth century as a result of remote effects of oceanic anomalies amplified by local land–atmosphere interactions. This paper focuses on the impacts of oceanic anomalies upon West African climate and specifically aims to identify those from SST anomalies in the Pacific/Indian Oceans during spring and summer seasons, when they were significant. Idealized sensitivity experiments are performed with four atmospheric general circulation models (AGCMs). The prescribed SST patterns used in the AGCMs are based on the leading mode of covariability between SST anomalies over the Pacific/Indian Oceans and summer rainfall over West Africa. The results show that such oceanic anomalies in the Pacific/Indian Ocean lead to a northward shift of an anomalous dry belt from the Gulf of Guinea to the Sahel as the season advances. In the Sahel, the magnitude of rainfall anomalies is comparable to that obtained by other authors using SST anomalies confined to the proximity of the Atlantic Ocean. The mechanism connecting the Pacific/Indian SST anomalies with West African rainfall has a strong seasonal cycle. In spring (May and June), anomalous subsidence develops over both the Maritime Continent and the equatorial Atlantic in response to the enhanced equatorial heating. Precipitation increases over continental West Africa in association with stronger zonal convergence of moisture. In addition, precipitation decreases over the Gulf of Guinea. During the monsoon peak (July and August), the SST anomalies move westward over the equatorial Pacific and the two regions where subsidence occurred earlier in the seasons merge over West Africa. The monsoon weakens and rainfall decreases over the Sahel, especially in August.Peer reviewe

Search for anomalous production of events with three or more leptons in pp collisions at √s = 8TeV

Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published articles title, journal citation, and DOI.A search for physics beyond the standard model in events with at least three leptons is presented. The data sample, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 19.5fb-1 of proton-proton collisions with center-of-mass energy s=8TeV, was collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC during 2012. The data are divided into exclusive categories based on the number of leptons and their flavor, the presence or absence of an opposite-sign, same-flavor lepton pair (OSSF), the invariant mass of the OSSF pair, the presence or absence of a tagged bottom-quark jet, the number of identified hadronically decaying τ leptons, and the magnitude of the missing transverse energy and of the scalar sum of jet transverse momenta. The numbers of observed events are found to be consistent with the expected numbers from standard model processes, and limits are placed on new-physics scenarios that yield multilepton final states. In particular, scenarios that predict Higgs boson production in the context of supersymmetric decay chains are examined. We also place a 95% confidence level upper limit of 1.3% on the branching fraction for the decay of a top quark to a charm quark and a Higgs boson (t→cH), which translates to a bound on the left- and right-handed top-charm flavor-violating Higgs Yukawa couplings, λtcH and λctH, respectively, of |λtcH|2+|λctH|2<0.21

Measurement of associated W plus charm production in pp collisions at √s=7 TeV

Peer reviewe