La constitucionalización del derecho a una buena administración en la Unión Europea: ¿nuevas garantías para la protección de los derechos en el procedimiento administrativo?

With the entry into force of the Lisbon Treaty, the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union becomes legally binding. Among the rights it contains, art. 41 proclaims the right to good administration, concreted through several rights whose main application takes place in the administrative procedure. This article aims to provide an overview of the evolution and treatment of good administration in the European legal system, and to analyze the impact this constitutionalisation may have on the individuals’ rights in the administrative procedure.Con la entrada en vigor del Tratado de Lisboa, la Carta de los Derechos Fundamentales de la Unión Europea adquiere valor jurídico vinculante. Entre los derechos que contiene, el art. 41 proclama el derecho a una buena administración, concretándolo en una serie de derechos cuya principal aplicación tiene lugar en el procedimiento administrativo. En este artículo se pretende ofrecer una visión de conjunto sobre la evolución y tratamiento de la buena administración en el ordenamiento jurídico europeo, así como analizar las repercusiones que tal constitucionalización pueda tener sobre los derechos de los particulares en el procedimiento administrativo.With the entry into force of the Lisbon Treaty, the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union becomes legally binding. Among the rights it contains, art. 41 proclaims the right to good administration, concreted through several rights whose main application takes place in the administrative procedure. This article aims to provide an overview of the evolution and treatment of good administration in the European legal system, and to analyze the impact this constitutionalisation may have on the individuals’ rights in the administrative procedure

Las garantías de los administrados en los procedimientos relativos a la autorización de medicamentos en la Unión Europea

La legislación de la Unión Europea confiere competencias ejecutivas para la autorización de la comercialización y supervisión de medicamentos de uso humano y veterinario, tanto a la Comisión como a la Agencia Europea del Medicamento. El objeto de este trabajo es el estudio de dichos procedimientos administrativos desde la perspectiva del reconocimiento, protección y garantía de los derechos de las partes tal y como han sido establecidos en el art. 41 de la Carta de los Derechos Fundamentales de la Unión Europea.Executive competences regarding marketing authorisation and supervision of medicinal products for human and veterinary use are conferred by the EU legislation to both the Commission and the European Medicines Agency. The aim of this article is to study the european regulation of such administrative procedures from the perspective of recognition, protection and rights’ guarantees, as they have been laid down in the art. 41 of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union

Los procedimientos sobre marcas europeas desde la óptica de los derechos de los administrados

This article aims to analyze the procedural aspects of the European system of trade marks, especially those that have an impact on the essential rights of the parties. The Treaty of Lisbon constitutionlises a serie of rights, enshrined in the art. 41 Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union under the designation of «right to good administration», that European Administration is required to comply with, in any field of implementation of European law. The study of existing regulation on trade marks registration procedure in the European Union and those others who derived therefrom, will allow us to determine in which extent such essential rights are guaranteed, as well as to highlight other aspects, both positive or negative, that characterize them.El presente trabajo tiene por objeto analizar los aspectos procedimentales del régimen europeo sobre marcas, en especial aquellos que tienen incidencia sobre los derechos esenciales de las partes. El Tratado de Lisboa eleva al rango constitucional una serie de derechos recogidos en el art. 41 de la Carta de los Derechos Fundamentales de la Unión Europea bajo la denominación común de «derecho a una buena administración, que la Administración europea está obligada a respetar en cualquier ámbito de ejecución del Derecho europeo. El estudio de la regulación vigente sobre el procedimiento para el registro de marcas en la Unión Europea así como aquéllos otros que se derivan del mismo, nos permitirá deducir en qué medida están garantizados tales derechos esenciales, así como poner de relieve otros aspectos tanto positivos como negativos que los caracterizan.This article aims to analyze the procedural aspects of the European system of trade marks, especially those that have an impact on the essential rights of the parties. The Treaty of Lisbon constitutionlises a serie of rights, enshrined in the art. 41 Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union under the designation of «right to good administration», that European Administration is required to comply with, in any field of implementation of European law. The study of existing regulation on trade marks registration procedure in the European Union and those others who derived therefrom, will allow us to determine in which extent such essential rights are guaranteed, as well as to highlight other aspects, both positive or negative, that characterize them

Documentación

INCLUYE : Carta Magna de las Universidades Europeas (Bolonia, 18 de septiembre de 1998) ; Declaración de La Sorbona (La Sorbona, París, 25 de mayo de 1998) ; Declaración de Bolonia, de 19 de junio de 1999 ; Hacia el espacio europeo de enseñanza superior, Praga, 19 de mayo de 2001 ; Realizar el Espacio Europeo de Enseñanza Superior, Berlín, 19 de septiembre de 2003 ; Alcanzando las metas, Bergen, 19-20 de mayo de 2005 ; Respondiendo a los retos en un mundo globalizado, Londres 18 de mayo de 2007 ; Convención Cultural Europea, París, 19 de diciembre de 1954 ; Convenio sobre el reconocimiento de calificaciones relativas a la Educación Superior en la región europea, Lisboa, 11 de abril de 1997 ; DOCUMENTOS DE TRABAJO DEL MINISTERIO DE EDUCACIÓN Y CIENCIA: La organización de las enseñanzas universitarias en España, Madrid, 27 de noviembre de 2006 y Directrices para la elaboración de títulos universitarios de grado y máster, Madrid, 21 de diciembre de 2006 ; ANEXO I : Estragegia de Lisboa ; ANEXO II : Integración de España en el Espacio Europeo de Educación Superior ; ANEXO III : Actos típicos en la política de investigació

Effect of serotonin axon injury on the somatostatinergic system in rat frontoparietal cortex

In order to investigate the possibility that, in the rat, some cerebral cortex\ud somatostatin (SS) receptors may be localized presynaptically on the terminals of\ud serotonergic neurons, serotonin [5-hydroxytryptamine, (5-HT)] neurons in the\ud central nervous system were damaged with a local intracerebral injection of the\ud serotonergic neurotoxin, 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine (5,7-DHT). The injection of 5,7-\ud DHT (11 /~g free base dissolved in 10 t~l of isotonic saline containing 0.01%\ud ascorbic acid) in rats produced an reduction by about 74 % in frontoparietal cortical\ud 5-HT content at 1 and 3 weeks after injection. These changes were associated with\ud a significant decrease by about 30 % in the total number of specific SS receptors\ud in the frontoparietal cortex at both times studied without influencing the apparent\ud affinity of the receptors. Together, these results suggest that a portion of the\ud frontoparietal cortex SS receptors may be localized presynaptically on the\ud serotonergic nerve terminals. The 5,7-DHT did not affect SS-like immunoreactivity\ud (SSLI) levels suggesting that SS and 5-HT are not colocalized within the same\ud neuronal elements in the rat frontoparietal cortex

Fuzzy classification with distance-based depth prototypes: High-dimensional unsupervised and/or supervised problems

Supervised and unsupervised classification is crucial in many areas where different types of data sets are common, such as biology, medicine, or industry, among others. A key consideration is that some units are more typical of the group they belong to than others. For this reason, fuzzy classification approaches are necessary. In this paper, a fuzzy supervised classification method, which is based on the construction of prototypes, is proposed. The method obtains the prototypes from an objective function that includes label information and a distance-based depth function. It works with any distance and it can deal with data sets of a wide nature variety. It can further be applied to data sets where the use of Euclidean distance is not suitable and to high-dimensional data (data sets in which the number of features is larger than the number of observations , often written as >> ). In addition, the model can also cope with unsupervised classification, thus becoming an interesting alternative to other fuzzy clustering methods. With synthetic data sets along with high-dimensional real biomedical and industrial data sets, we demonstrate the good performance of the supervised and unsupervised fuzzy proposed procedures

Fuzzy classification with distance-based depth prototypes: High-dimensional unsupervised and/or supervised problems

Supervised and unsupervised classification is crucial in many areas where different types of data sets are common, such as biology, medicine, or industry, among others. A key consideration is that some units are more typical of the group they belong to than others. For this reason, fuzzy classification approaches are necessary. In this paper, a fuzzy supervised classification method, which is based on the construction of prototypes, is proposed. The method obtains the prototypes from an objective function that includes label information and a distance-based depth function. It works with any distance and it can deal with data sets of a wide nature variety. It can further be applied to data sets where the use of Euclidean distance is not suitable and to high-dimensional data (data sets in which the number of features is larger than the number of observations , often written as ). In addition, the model can also cope with unsupervised classification, thus becoming an interesting alternative to other fuzzy clustering methods. With synthetic data sets along with high-dimensional real biomedical and industrial data sets, we demonstrate the good performance of the supervised and unsupervised fuzzy proposed procedures.This research was partially supported: II by the Spanish ‘Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad’ (PID2019-106942RB-C31). CA by grant 2021SGR01421 (GRBIO) from the Departament de Economia i Coneixement de la Generalitat de Catalunya, Spain. II, CA and BS by the Spanish ‘Ministerio de Economia Competitividad’ (PID2021-122402OB-C21)

Effect of phenylephrine and prazosin on the somatostatinergic system in the rat frontoparietal cortex

Somatostatin (SS) and noradrenaline (NA) are distributed in the rat cerebral cortex, and seizure activity is one of the aspects of behavior affected by both neurotransmitters. Due to the possible interaction between both neurotransmitter systems, we studied whether phenylphrine, an alpha(1)-adrenoceptor agonist, and prazosin, an alpha(1)-adrenoceptor antagonist, can modulate SS-like immunoreactivity (SS-LI) levels, binding of [I-125][Tyr(11)]SS to its specific receptors, the ability of SS to inhibit adenylate cyclase (AC) activity, and the guanine nucleotide binding regulatory protein G(1) and G(0), in the Sprague-Dawley rat frontoparietal cortex. An IP dose of 2 or 4 mg/kg of phenylephrine injected 7 h before decapitation decreased the number of SS receptors and increased the apparent affinity in frontoparietal cortex membranes. An IP dose of 20 or 25 mg/kg of prazosin administered 8 h before decapitation increased the number of SS receptors and decreased their apparent affinity. The administration of prazosin before the phenylephrine injection prevented the phenylephrine-induced changes in SS binding. The addition of phenylephrine and/or prazosin 10(-5) M to the incubation medium changed neither the number nor the affinity of the SS receptors in the frontoparietal cortex membranes. Phenylephrine or prazosin affected neither SS-LI content nor the basal or forskolin (FK)-stimulated AC activities in the frontoparietal cortex. In addition, SS caused an equal inhibition of AC activity in frontoparietal cortex membranes of phenylephrine- and prazosin-treated rats compared with the respective control group. Finally, phenylephrine and prazosin did not vary the pertussis toxin (PTX)-catalyzed ADP ribosylation of G(1)- and/or G(0)-proteins. These results suggest that the above mentioned changes are related to the phenylephrine activation of alpha(1)-adrenoceptors or to the blocking of these receptors by prazosin. In addition, these data provide further support for a functional interrelationship between the alpha(1)-adrenergic and somatostatinergic systems in the rat frontoparietal cortex