Effects of sowing periods on sunflower cultivars in the South of the State of Tocantins

Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar o desempenho agronômico de cultivares de girassol (Helianthus annuus L.), semeados em diferentes épocas, nas condições ambientais da região Sul do Estado do Tocantins. O experimento foi conduzido no ano agrícola 2008/2009 em blocos casualizados em esquema fatorial 4 x 5 (quatro épocas de semeadura x cinco cultivares de girassol) com três repetições. Cada parcela foi constituída por quatro linhas de 5,0 m de comprimento, espaçadas de 0,80 m entre linhas e 0,20 m entre plantas na linha. Em todas as épocas de semeadura foram avaliadas as características, florescimento, altura de planta, diâmetro de caule, diâmetro de capítulo, aquênios normais, massa de mil grãos e produtividade de grãos. Houve interação significativa da época de semeadura com os cultivares avaliados para as seguintes características: florescimento, altura de planta e produtividade de grãos. Em relação às épocas de semeadura, em geral houve influência negativa para todas as características avaliadas nas épocas mais tardias, fato ocorrido pela presença de veranico no período crítico do desenvolvimento das plantas e a ocorrência de doenças, especialmente mancha de alternária. A primeira época de semeadura (novembro) apresentou maior produtividade com média superior a 3.000 kg ha-1. Independente das épocas de semeadura os cultivares mais produtivos foram os híbridos Hélio 360 e Hélio 884 com média de 1.709 e 1.697 kg ha-1 respectivamente.This study had as its objective, evaluating the agronomic performance of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) cultivars when sown at different times, under the environmental conditions in the south of the State of Tocantins. The experiment was carried out during the 2008/2009 agricultural year, in randomized blocks in a 4 x 5 factorial design (four sowing dates and five sunflower cultivars) with three replications. Each plot consisted of four rows 5.0m in length, spaced 0.80 m apart with 0.20 m between plants. For all sowing dates, the characteristics evaluated were: flowering, plant height, stem diameter, head diameter, normal achenes, grain weight per thousand and grain yield. There was significant correlation of sowing dates with the evaluated cultivars for the traits of flowering, plant height and grain yield. In relation to periods of sowing, there was generally a negative influence on all evaluated traits for the later dates, due to an Indian summer causing moisture stress during the critical period of plant development and the occurrence of disease, especially alternaria leaf-spot. The first sowing period (November) showed higher productivity with an average of more than 3,000 kg ha-1. Irrespective of sowing dates, the more productive cultivars were the hybrids Helio 360 and Helio 884, with an average of 1,709 and 1,697 kg ha-1 respectively

Épocas de semeadura de girassol ‘safrinha’, em sucessão a girassol no cerrado tocantinense

Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) is considered a crop of great plasticity, has important characteristics such as tolerance to various abiotic factors, drought and extreme temperatures. In this context, culture may be another option for safrinhas, which with direct sowing optimizes the use of land, machines, labor, and job creation in the producing region. The objective of this work was to evaluate sunflower cultivars (Helium 250 - H250, Helium 251 - H251, Helium 358 - H358, Helium 360 - H360 and Helium 884 - H884) in four sowing dates (EP1-15/03/2009; EP2 - 03/28/2009; EP3 - 09/04/2009 and EP4 - 01/05/2009) directly on sunflower straw, safrinha 2009, in Gurupi, Southern Tocantins State. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design in a 4x5 factorial scheme (sowing time x cultivars), with three replications. Significant interaction between sowing dates and cultivars was verified for all evaluated characteristics. There was a reduction in all variables evaluated with delayed sowing. Higher achene yields were obtained when the sunflower was cultivated in the second sowing season. The cultivar H884 had the best performance for most of the variables analyzed at different sowing dates.O girassol (Helianthus annuus L.) é considerado uma cultura de grande plasticidade, apresenta características importantes como tolerância a diversos fatores abióticos, à seca e a temperaturas extremas. Nesse contexto a cultura pode ser mais uma opção as safrinhas, que com semeadura direta otimiza o uso da terra, máquinas, mão-de-obra, e criação de empregos na região produtora. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar cultivares de girassol (Hélio 250 - H250, Hélio 251 - H251, Hélio 358 - H358, Hélio 360 - H360 e Hélio 884 - H884) em quatro épocas de semeadura (EP1 -15/03/2009; EP2 - 28/03/2009; EP3 - 09/04/2009 e EP4 - 01/05/2009) direta sobre palhada de girassol, safrinha 2009, em Gurupi, Sul do Estado do Tocantins. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi de blocos casualizados, em esquema fatorial 4x5 (época de semeadura x cultivares), com três repetições. Verificou-se interação significativa entre épocas de semeadura e cultivares para todas as características avaliadas. Houve redução em todas as variáveis avaliadas com retardamento da semeadura. Maiores produtividades de aquênios foram obtidas quando o girassol foi cultivado na segunda época de semeadura. A cultivar H884 teve o melhor desempenho para a maioria das variáveis analisadas nas diferentes épocas de semeadura. &nbsp

Desempenho agronômico de cultivares de girassol no sul do Estado Tocantins

The cultivation of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) can be conducted in various times and locations during the crop year. In state of Tocantins the culture can be explored in crop in cerrado region and in intercrop in sub-irrigated lowland. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of swing times in Gurupi-TO and Formoso of Araguaia-TO, with five cultivars sunflower. It was installed four times in Gurupi-TO and one in Formoso-TO. The experimental design was randomized blocks, with 25 treatments and three replications. The was five times: EP1(24/11/2008), EP2(01/12/2008), EP3(18 / 12/2008) and EP4(12/30/2008) in Gurupi-TO and Formoso (07/04/2009) in Formoso do Araguaia-TO, with five cultivars: H250, H251, H358, H360 and H884. There was significant interaction between times and cultivars for the traits: flowering, plant height, normal achene, weight of thousand achene, hectolitre weight and productivity of achenes. In Gurupi-TO, there was a negative influence for all the avaluated traits as the sowings were delayed, It accurred because of the incidence of Alternaria helianthi. Productivity close to 3000 kg ha-1 was obtained in Gurupi (EP1) and the intercrop in Formoso do Araguaia. The most productive cultivars were the H251 and H358, when cultivated in EP1 and EP5.  O cultivo de girassol (Helianthus annuus L.) pode ser realizado em vários momentos e locais durante o ano agrícola. No estado do Tocantins, a cultura pode ser explorada em lavouras na região do cerrado e em consórcios em terras baixas sub-irrigadas. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito dos tempos de balanço em Gurupi-TO e Formoso de Araguaia-TO, com cinco cultivares de girassol. Foi instalado quatro vezes no Gurupi-TO e um no Formoso-TO. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados, com 25 tratamentos e três repetições. Foram cinco vezes: EP1 (24/11/2008), EP2 (12/12/2008), EP3 (18/12/2008) e EP4 (30/12/2008) em Gurupi-TO e Formoso (07/04) / 2009) no Formoso do Araguaia-TO, com cinco cultivares: H250, H251, H358, H360 e H884. Houve interação significativa entre épocas e cultivares para as características: floração, altura das plantas, aquênios normais, peso de mil aquênios, peso de hectolitros e produtividade de aquênios. Em Gurupi-TO, houve uma influência negativa para todas as características avaliadas, pois as semeaduras foram adiadas, devido à incidência de Alternaria helianthi. Produtividade próxima a 3000 kg ha-1 foi obtida em Gurupi (EP1) e o consórcio em Formoso do Araguaia. As cultivares mais produtivas foram as H251 e H358, quando cultivadas em EP1 e EP5

Divergence between soybean genotypes grown in irrigated lowland, Brazil

A divergência genética é um dos mais importantes parâmetros avaliados por melhoristas de plantas, na fase inicial de um programa de melhoramento genético. Diante disso, objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar, por meio de técnicas multivariadas, a divergência genética entre 48 genótipos de soja, cultivados em várzea irrigada no Estado do Tocantins, com o intuito de identificar as combinações mais promissoras para produzir recombinações superiores, tanto destinados a produção de óleo e farelo, como do grupo especial, destinados ao consumo humano. O experimento foi conduzido no município de Formoso do Araguaia, TO, em cultivo de várzea irrigada na entressafra de 2010. O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições. Verificou-se variabilidade entre os genótipos testados. Os resultados dos métodos de agrupamento de Tocher, UPGMA e Variáveis Canônicas foram concordantes entre si e detectaram quatro grupos distintos. As seguintes hibridações são promissoras para produção de grãos de soja destinados a óleo e farelo: M-Soy 8766, M-Soy 9144, A 7002 e M-Soy 9056 com Amaralina e cruzamentos entre M-Soy 8766, M-Soy 9144 e Amaralina com BRSMG 790A, BRS 257, BRS 216 e BRS 213 e são indicados visando a genótipos de soja especiais para alimentação humana.The genetic diversity is one of the most important parameters evaluated by plant breeders in the early stages of a genetic improvement program. The objective of this paper was to evaluate the genetic divergence by means of multivariate techniques, among 48 soybean genotypes grown in irrigated lowland in the State of Tocantins, in order to select parents of hybrids for the production of oil and meal, as well as varieties of the panel, intended for human consumption. The experiment was conducted in the county Formoso do Araguaia - Tocantins, Brazil, in the cultivation of irrigated lowland, in the inter-cropping 2010. The experimental design was a randomized block with four replications. There was observed variability among the genotype tested. The Tocher's method, UPGMA and Canonic Variables agreed among themselves, and found four distinct groups. The following hybrids are promising for the production of soybean oil and meal for the M-Soy 8766, M-Soy 9144, A-7002 and M-soy 9056 with Amaralina RR crosses between and M-Soy 8766, M-Soy 9144 and Amaralina RR with BRSMG 790A, BRS 257, BRS 216 and BRS 213, are listed in order especially soybeans for human consumption

Genomic characterization of SARS-CoV-2 from an indigenous reserve in Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil

BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic had a major impact on indigenous populations. Understanding the viral dynamics within this population is essential to create targeted protection measures.MethodsA total of 204 SARS-CoV-2 positive samples collected between May 2020 and November 2021 from an indigenous area in Mato Grosso do Sul (MS), Midwestern Brazil, were screened. Samples were submitted to whole genome sequencing using the Nanopore sequencing platform. Clinical, demographic, and phylogenetic data were analyzed.ResultsWe found the co-circulation of six main SARS-CoV-2 lineages in the indigenous population, with the Zeta lineage being the most prevalent (27.66%), followed by B.1.1 (an ancestral strain) (20.21%), Gamma (14.36%) and Delta (13.83%). Other lineages represent 45.74% of the total. Our phylogenetic reconstruction indicates that multiple introduction events of different SARS-CoV-2 lineages occurred in the indigenous villages in MS. The estimated indigenous population mortality rate was 1.47%. Regarding the ethnicity of our cohort, 64.82% belong to the Guarani ethnicity, while 33.16% belong to the Terena ethnicity, with a slightly higher prevalence of males (53.43%) among females. Other ethnicities represent 2.01%. We also observed that almost all patients (89.55%) presented signs and symptoms related to COVID-19, being the most prevalent cough, fever, sore throat, and headache.DiscussionOur results revealed that multiple independent SARS-CoV-2 introduction events had occurred through time, probably due to indigenous mobility, since the villages studied here are close to urban areas in MS. The mortality rate was slightly below of the estimation for the state in the period studied, which we believe could be related to the small number of samples evaluated, the underreporting of cases and deaths among this population, and the inconsistency of secondary data available for this study.ConclusionIn this study, we showed the circulation of multiple SARS-CoV-2 variants in this population, which should be isolated and protected as they belong to the most fragile group due to their socioeconomic and cultural disparities. We reinforce the need for constant genomic surveillance to monitor and prevent the spread of new emerging viruses and to better understand the viral dynamics in these populations, making it possible to direct specific actions

Outcomes from elective colorectal cancer surgery during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic

This study aimed to describe the change in surgical practice and the impact of SARS-CoV-2 on mortality after surgical resection of colorectal cancer during the initial phases of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic

Elective cancer surgery in COVID-19-free surgical pathways during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: An international, multicenter, comparative cohort study

PURPOSE As cancer surgery restarts after the first COVID-19 wave, health care providers urgently require data to determine where elective surgery is best performed. This study aimed to determine whether COVID-19–free surgical pathways were associated with lower postoperative pulmonary complication rates compared with hospitals with no defined pathway. PATIENTS AND METHODS This international, multicenter cohort study included patients who underwent elective surgery for 10 solid cancer types without preoperative suspicion of SARS-CoV-2. Participating hospitals included patients from local emergence of SARS-CoV-2 until April 19, 2020. At the time of surgery, hospitals were defined as having a COVID-19–free surgical pathway (complete segregation of the operating theater, critical care, and inpatient ward areas) or no defined pathway (incomplete or no segregation, areas shared with patients with COVID-19). The primary outcome was 30-day postoperative pulmonary complications (pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, unexpected ventilation). RESULTS Of 9,171 patients from 447 hospitals in 55 countries, 2,481 were operated on in COVID-19–free surgical pathways. Patients who underwent surgery within COVID-19–free surgical pathways were younger with fewer comorbidities than those in hospitals with no defined pathway but with similar proportions of major surgery. After adjustment, pulmonary complication rates were lower with COVID-19–free surgical pathways (2.2% v 4.9%; adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.62; 95% CI, 0.44 to 0.86). This was consistent in sensitivity analyses for low-risk patients (American Society of Anesthesiologists grade 1/2), propensity score–matched models, and patients with negative SARS-CoV-2 preoperative tests. The postoperative SARS-CoV-2 infection rate was also lower in COVID-19–free surgical pathways (2.1% v 3.6%; aOR, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.36 to 0.76). CONCLUSION Within available resources, dedicated COVID-19–free surgical pathways should be established to provide safe elective cancer surgery during current and before future SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks

Elective Cancer Surgery in COVID-19-Free Surgical Pathways During the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic: An International, Multicenter, Comparative Cohort Study.

PURPOSE: As cancer surgery restarts after the first COVID-19 wave, health care providers urgently require data to determine where elective surgery is best performed. This study aimed to determine whether COVID-19-free surgical pathways were associated with lower postoperative pulmonary complication rates compared with hospitals with no defined pathway. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This international, multicenter cohort study included patients who underwent elective surgery for 10 solid cancer types without preoperative suspicion of SARS-CoV-2. Participating hospitals included patients from local emergence of SARS-CoV-2 until April 19, 2020. At the time of surgery, hospitals were defined as having a COVID-19-free surgical pathway (complete segregation of the operating theater, critical care, and inpatient ward areas) or no defined pathway (incomplete or no segregation, areas shared with patients with COVID-19). The primary outcome was 30-day postoperative pulmonary complications (pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, unexpected ventilation). RESULTS: Of 9,171 patients from 447 hospitals in 55 countries, 2,481 were operated on in COVID-19-free surgical pathways. Patients who underwent surgery within COVID-19-free surgical pathways were younger with fewer comorbidities than those in hospitals with no defined pathway but with similar proportions of major surgery. After adjustment, pulmonary complication rates were lower with COVID-19-free surgical pathways (2.2% v 4.9%; adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.62; 95% CI, 0.44 to 0.86). This was consistent in sensitivity analyses for low-risk patients (American Society of Anesthesiologists grade 1/2), propensity score-matched models, and patients with negative SARS-CoV-2 preoperative tests. The postoperative SARS-CoV-2 infection rate was also lower in COVID-19-free surgical pathways (2.1% v 3.6%; aOR, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.36 to 0.76). CONCLUSION: Within available resources, dedicated COVID-19-free surgical pathways should be established to provide safe elective cancer surgery during current and before future SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks