Anorexia nervosa and purgative-type bulimia nervosa: a fundamental role of the dental surgeon in diagnosis and treatment

Introduction: In a world where appearance is considered above all by most people. It is in this unbridled search that some people end up acquiring eating disorders. Anorexia nervosa and purgative-type bulimia nervosa are diseases that are rarely taken into account in the first clinical assessment of the patient. Bulimia nervosa and Anorexia nervosa are eating disorder that causes serious physiological problems in the oral cavity, due to saliva calcification caused by frequent vomiting. Objective: it was to bring into discussion, through a literature review, the meticulous look that the dental surgeon must-have when performing the clinical examination and that he can be the first source in detecting signs of eating disorders and their clinical manifestations in the patient and so can forwards it to a multidisciplinary team for better diagnosis and treatment. Methods: This study followed an integrated literature review model and articles dating from 2001 to 2021 in English and Portuguese were selected. In virtual databases such as Scielo and PubMed. Results and Conclusion: The dental surgeon plays an important role in the team, controlling the development and progression of oral manifestations. Pass the oral hygiene guidelines, apply substances that can control the acids that are present in oral fluids; use salivary substitutes that can help reduce erosive wear. And always encourage this patient to come back for treatment. In extreme cases of damage to the dental structure, functional and anatomical, restorative or rehabilitative treatment is chosen. Recover form, function, esthetics and eliminate hypersensitivity and facilitate cleaning. The dental surgeon must be able to assess and diagnose the manifestations arising from eating disorders. Because it is the first professional to be able to detect and thus refer to a team of multi-professionals such as a psychologist, nutritionist, doctor and manage to perform the best possible treatment simultaneously and, through preventive and rehabilitative procedures, be able to return a better quality of life to the patient

Periodontal disease and muscle recovery: the concise systematic review

Introduction: Periodontal Disease (PD) occurs with high frequency in the adult population, being an infectious and inflammatory disease of the soft and hard tissues around the teeth. PD can increase the levels of several pro-inflammatory cytokines. Objective: Was to conduct a concise systematic review of the relationship between periodontal disease and muscle repair. Methods: The present study was followed by a systematic review model (PRISMA). The search strategy was performed in the PubMed, Scielo, Cochrane Library, Web of Science and Scopus, and Google Scholar databases, following the rules of the word PICOS (Patient; Intervention; Control; Outcomes; Study Design). The Cochrane Instrument was used to assess the risk of bias of the included studies. Results and Conclusion: The results showed that it is possible that changes in serum levels of inflammatory markers, triggered by different chronic inflammatory situations such as periodontal disease, may indirectly influence the muscle repair process. It was observed that periodontal disease was able to modify the leukocyte count and the levels of IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-α. When related to physical exercise, periodontal disease negatively influenced the muscle repair process

Prenatal dental care and periodontal health: a concise systematic review

Introduction: Periodontal disease is a chronic infection caused by a bacterium that stimulates the immunoinflammatory response, leading to inflammation of the gingival and tooth support tissue, resulting from the pathogenesis of the microorganism and the host's response. Studies have investigated the association between periodontal conditions and possible complications for pregnant women and newborns. Objective: Analyzed the main consequences of periodontal disease during pregnancy and childbirth, as well as changes involving newborns, in order to elucidate the importance of prenatal dental care. Methods: The present study was followed by a systematic literature review model, according to the PRISMA rules. Clinical studies included case reports, retrospective, prospective and randomized trials. The quality of the studies was based on the GRADE instrument. The risk of bias was analyzed according to the Cochrane instrument. Results: A total of 104 articles were found. A total of 48 articles were evaluated in full, and 20 were included and discussed in this study. The overall assessment did not result in significant risks that could compromise the science of the present study. According to the GRADE classification, the studies were of moderate quality. Gingivitis, periodontitis, and tooth loss were found to be associated with premature birth. Periodontal disease can increase the chance of negative neonatal and maternal outcomes, with fetal growth restriction, vulvovaginitis, and premature rupture of the membrane being the main effects. Conclusion: Oral health should be an important focus in the monitoring of pregnant women in all maternal and child health services, making it necessary to incorporate the diagnosis of maternal oral health and periodontal disease for the health of the mother and newborn

Relationship between diabetes, hypertension and periodontal diseases: a systematic review of major clinical findings

Introduction: In the scenario of periodontal diseases, chronic periodontitis is one of the most frequent periodontal diseases in the adult population with poor oral hygiene. The aggravating factors of the disease can be the occurrence of loss of bone structure, loss of attachment, and formation of a periodontal pocket, and even periodontitis can produce changes in systemic health, including stroke, renal failure, premature birth, diabetes, arterial hypertension, and coronary diseases. Objective: A concise systematic review was carried out to elucidate through clinical studies the real relationship between periodontal diseases, diabetes, and arterial hypertension. Methods: The rules of the Systematic Review-PRISMA Platform. The research was carried out from May 2022 to July 2022 and developed based on Scopus, PubMed, Science Direct, Scielo, and Google Scholar. The quality of the studies was based on the GRADE instrument and the risk of bias was analyzed according to the Cochrane instrument. Results and Conclusion: A total of 127 articles were found. In total, 57 articles were fully evaluated and 18 were included and evaluated in this systematic review. The symmetric funnel plot does not suggest a risk of bias. An association between periodontitis and arterial hypertension was evidenced. Community oral care services provided by dental hygienists can promote objective oral hygiene and subjective periodontal status in the local community and can help manage hypertension and diabetes. An association of diabetes with increasing age was observed for the lowest social class. A statistically significant association between diabetes was also observed concerning individuals with hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and periodontal disease. Yet, recent evidence suggests that periodontal disease causes hypertension. Diabetes mellitus is a factor that aggravates the periodontal disease. Periodontal treatment must be cautious and considered, and the periodontist must know the limitations, changes, and disorders that the diabetic patient may present. Any periodontal treatment should be performed once the diabetes is under control

Major clinical findings of the oral hygiene relationship and increase in the predisposition to COVID-19: a systematic review

Introduction: The disease caused by the novel coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by a newly identified virus Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The risk of nosocomial transmission is a reality that requires the development of guidelines by the dental community to reduce the chances of infection by the new coronavirus. In particular, poor oral hygiene, opportunistic infections, stress, immunosuppression, vasculitis, and a hyperinflammatory response secondary to COVID-19 are the most important predisposing factors for the appearance of oral lesions in patients with COVID-19. Objective: It was to highlight the main clinical studies on the relationship between hygiene and care in the oral cavity to reduce the chances of contamination with COVID-19, as well as to observe the interrelation between poor oral hygiene and the increased risk of this contamination. Methods: The rules of the Systematic Review-PRISMA Platform were followed. The research was carried out from March 2022 to May 2022 and developed based on Scopus, PubMed, Science Direct, Scielo, and Google Scholar. The quality of the studies was based on the GRADE instrument and the risk of bias was analyzed according to the Cochrane instrument. Results and Conclusion: A total of 124 articles were found. In total, 42 articles were fully evaluated and 10 were included and evaluated in this study. Considering the Cochrane tool for risk of bias, the overall assessment resulted in 42 studies that were excluded with a high risk of bias (studies with small sample size). Also, 30 studies were excluded because they did not meet the GRADE. COVID-19 affects oral health most likely in patients with serious illness, which may be due to the disease itself, immune response, and lack of motivation for personal hygiene measures. Furthermore, the results indicated that gargling with mouthwashes composed of unique antiseptic agents may play a minor role in potentially reducing transmission rates, and therefore these findings are of utmost importance when considering alternative COVID-19 prevention strategies

Investigation of the incidence of oral cancer in the municipalities of the state of Sao Paulo-Brazil: a retrospective observational cross-sectional study

Introduction: The etiology of Oral Cancer (OC) is multifactorial, resulting from several factors that predispose to the development of this pathology, with a high incidence and mortality, and is among the 10 most common pathologies in the world. Objective: It was to carry out a retrospective longitudinal observational study on the incidence of oral cancer in patients treated at public health units in the municipalities of the State of Sao Paulo-Brazil, as well as to present the main clinical and demographic characteristics of these patients. Methods: This study followed a retrospective observational cross-sectional model (2018-2022), following the rules of clinical research of the STROBE. The present study used the database of the public health system in Brazil on the incidence and prevalence of oral cancer in health units in 467 municipalities in the State of São Paulo-Brazil, whose data are available for public consultation and do not require approval. by the research ethics committee. Participants with oral cancer records of different ethnicities, aged over 20 years, and of both genders were included. Participants who had missing registration data were excluded. For data analysis, the database was built in a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet, which was exported to the Minitab 18® statistical program. One-Way ANOVA with p>0.05 was applied without a statistical difference in the CI95%. Results: The total number of municipalities in the State of São Paulo-Brazil analyzed was 467. Suspected oral malignancy did not present a significant statistical difference between the years 2018 and 2019 (0.33% vs. 0.30%), with p>0.05 in CI95 %. The highest incidences of suspected oral malignancy occurred in 2018 and 2019. In addition, it was evidenced that the most frequent histological type was squamous cell carcinoma in all the years analyzed. Also, bad habits such as alcoholism, smoking, excessive exposure to the sun, and also genetic predisposition, the presence of HPV did not show to influence statistically the occurrences of oral neoplasms. Conclusion: Based on the objective of this study, the incidence of oral cancer in the municipalities of the state of São Paulo-Brazil was higher in the years 2018 and 2019, regardless of the action of predictors such as smoking, alcohol consumption, HPV, genetic predisposition and age. However, further studies need to be carried out in the periods from 2020 to 2022 to know the population that was absent due to the COVID-19 pandemic

Main Approaches to the Causes and Treatments of Periimplantitis: A Narrative Review

Periimplantitis is an inflammatory reaction associated with the loss of bone support around the implant, and its main pathological agent is the accumulation of biofilm. The diagnosis is made through radiographic exams, depth of probe, and verification of bone loss, and if the patient presents bleeding and changes in the tissues around the implant, he may already be in the infectious process of periimplantitis. Despite so many treatments offered for peri-implanted, further studies are needed on some aspects of their effectiveness

Periodontal diseases in pregnant women as a risk factor: a concise systematic review

This study highlighted that periodontal diseases in pregnant women can be one of the determinants of low birth weight. Studies were carried out to verify the existence of an association between maternal periodontal disease and low birth weight. Gestational period, where the occurrence of periodontal diseases (PD) is more likely, due to its hormonal and physiological changes. Therefore, pregnant women must be alert and take proper care, have prenatal care with their dentist, in addition to their oral care, they must be alert to the risks of low birth weight and premature births. Infections in regions of the genitourinary tract, such as PD, may be associated with the occurrence of low birth weight newborns through the same mechanisms as other maternal and preterm birth infections. The contraction of the uterus and cervical dilation, acting as a trigger for premature birth, can be caused by inflammatory stimuli, which can induce hyperirritability of the uterine smooth muscles. The infection and the resulting inflammatory process can cause damage to the placenta, thereby restricting fetal development. Throughout life, a woman goes through several phases of hormonal fluctuations that, in addition to interfering with the reproductive system, exert influence on other organs and systems, such as the periodontium, particularly in the presence of preexisting gingival inflammation induced by plaque. During pregnancy, a woman is exposed to several significant hormonal changes, as the placenta produces high amounts of estrogen and progesterone, which in turn affect the oral tissues. It was concluded that black women aged over 40 years old are more likely to have PD, having a higher risk of low development to the fetus