Ochratoxin A removal during the main steps of wine making

A few years ago, the presence of ochratoxin A (OTA) was reported for the first time in wine. Grape juice is usually more contaminated than wines, and red grape products are more contaminated than white ones. This knowledge has led researchers to conclude that grape processing could contribute to a reduction in the content of this mycotoxin in grape products, such as the case of wines. This study presents the effect of the more common vinification steps on the fate of the mycotoxin during wine making. Grapes with a content of OTA ranging from 0.43 to 7.48 μg/Kg were used for vinification. These grapes were obtained by inoculating recently harvested grapes with an ochratoxin A producing Aspergillus. It was found that after alcoholic fermentation just about 31.8% of the OTA initially present in grapes remained in the wine. After racking, this amount decreased to 10.9 %, and, after malolactic fermentation, to 8.1%. Also, it was found that OTA was present in higher amounts in spent fractions from wine making, such as the lees obtained after fermentation or the sediment obtained after racking. After malolactic fermentation, the most common eonological fining agents were able to decrease even more the content of OTA in the final wine. Vinification assays with eonological enzymes commonly used in wine making industry were also done. Based on this data, we concluded that this reduction is associated with the mycotoxin removal by adsorption into solid wastes or fining agents, and not due to any degradation of ochratoxin A into other compounds.Quality of Life Program (QOL) ; Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e das Pescas ; Estação Vitivinícola Amândio Galhano (INIAP) ; Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT

Estratigrafía y ambientes deposicionales de la Cuenca Bauru (Cretácico superior, Brasil)

The Upper Cretaceous Bauru Basin developed in the south-central part of the South American Plate resulting from the thermo-mechanical subsidence processes which followed the break-up of Gondwana and the opening of the Southern Atlantic Ocean (Figs. 1 to 3). In this inland basin it was developed an essentially sandy, 300 m thick siliciclastic, alluvial and aeolian dominated sequence (red beds), the so called Cretaceous Suprabasaltic Sequence -¡.e. "Secuencia Suprabasáltica Cretácica" (SSC). This sequence presently occurs in a very extensive area of 370,000 km2 and unconformably overlies the mainly basaltic Neocomian Paraná Volcanic Floods (Sena Geral Formation), from which it is separated by an erosive surface (Figs. 4 and 5). The sequence deposits extend between 18OS and 24OS latitudes and 47OW and 56OW longitudes covering parts of the states of SEO Paulo, Paraná, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais and Goiás in Brazil. It also occurs in northeastem Paraguay. A stratigraphic review of the whole SSC, based on studies developed mainly on the southwestern part of the basin is shown in this paper which also deals with the structural, paleoclimatic and paleogeographic settings of the basin. The sedimeniological features, depositional environments and paleogeographic distribution of the defined stratigraphic units is analyzed, as well as their general resulting implications on the paleobiological record (Figs. 5 to 7). The sequence is formed by two synchronous groups, the aeolian dominated Caiuá Group and the alluvial dominated Bauru Group. and was deposited in an asymmemcal closed basin, which underwent climatic conditions ranging from semi-and at its margins to dessertic in the inner basin zones. Alluvial sedimentation in the Bauru basin was simultaneous with the progressive uplift of its margins, constituted by tectonic uplifts which separated the basin from other neighbouring cretaceous basins. Life in the Bauru Basin developed best in areas with largest water supply, such as in the broad braid plains, where ephemeral carbonate water shallow lakes and ponds developed. Reptiles (mainly dinosaurs, crocodiles and turtles) dwelled there. Increasing aridity resulted in the gradual reduction in the paleobiological diversity as recorded in the inner, central basinal aeolian dominated units, with an almost complete lack of fossils in the sand sea deposits of the central paleodessert

A teoria da agência, o desempenho organizacional, a remuneração do CEO e a criação de valor para o acionista: gaps teóricos na literatura

O objetivo do presente estudo consistiu em efetuar uma revisão de literatura sobre o desempenho organizacional, a remuneração do CEO e a criação de valor para o acionista sob a lente da teoria da agência. As hipóteses de relação entre aqueles conceitos têm sido estudadas na literatura em alguns cenários. No entanto, há relações entre aquelas variáveis que devem ser estudadas em diferentes contextos (mercados de capitais de diferentes países, por exemplo), podendo ser úteis para a construção de variados modelos de análise que incluam até outros conceitos ou outras hipóteses de investigação.info:eu-repo/semantics/draf

Agency theory approach of the relationship between performance, compensation and value creation in the companies listed on Euronext Lisbon

The aim of the present study was to understand, in Portugal, relationships between the behaviour of the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) and the organizational performance, on the one hand, and relationships between the shareholder value creation and the CEO total compensation, on the other hand. This research is divided into two parts. The first part was examined whether organizational performance based on accounting measures influences organizational performance supported by market measures and whether organizational performance based on accounting measures and market measures influences the CEO total compensation. The second part of the study analyses whether organizational performance, based on accounting measures and market measures, and the CEO total compensation influence the shareholder value creation. This research was based in agency theory assumptions in order to build the analysis model. The sample was composed by companies listed on Euronext Lisbon. The data analysis was performed using the structural equation modelling method. The results showed that organizational performance based on accounting measures influences organizational performance based on market measures, the CEO total compensation and the shareholder value creation.info:eu-repo/semantics/draf

Agency theory approach of the relationship between performance, compensation and value creation in the companies listed on Euronext Lisbon

The aim of the present study was to understand, in Portugal, relationships between the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) and the organizational performance, on the one hand, and relationships between the shareholder value creation and the CEO total compensation, on the other hand. This research is divided into two parts. The first part was examined whether organizational performance based on accounting measures influences organizational performance based on market measures and whether organizational performance based on accounting measures and market measures influences the CEO total compensation. The second part of the study analyses whether organizational performance, based on accounting measures and market measures, and the CEO total compensation influence the shareholder value creation. This research was based on agency theory assumptions in order to build the analysis model. The sample was composed of companies listed on Euronext Lisbon. The data analysis was performed using the structural equation modelling method. The results showed that organizational performance based on accounting measures influences organizational performance based on market measures, the CEO total compensation and the shareholder value creation.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Studium y académicos portugueses en la Edad Media: algunas aportaciones sobre una línea de investigación y sus bases de datos

This paper aims to present an existing research strand at the Centro de História da Universidade de Lisboa (CH-ULisboa), which is based on several resources related to digital humanities. This broader research strand has three main axes: the study of the University of Lisbon per se, the mobility of Portuguese scholars in the medieval and early modern periods, and the funding and management of the medieval Portuguese studium, which together can help generate a general picture of the history of the universityin Portugal. These three axes are based on different field of digital humanities, such as databases and GIS, which we intend to merge and make available online in the near future. Two of these databases (the Magistri Database and the Peregrinatio Database) are presented here as case studies to discuss different issues derived from the use of the prosopographical method, as well as to address several technical issues.El presente artículo tiene como objetivo la presentación de una línea de investigación existente en el Centro de História da Universidade de Lisboa (CH-ULisboa) basada en varios recursos relacionados con las humanidades digitales. Esta línea de investigación más amplia tiene tres ejes principales: el estudio de la Universidad de Lisboa, la movilidad de los estudiantes portugueses en las épocas medieval y moderna, y la financiación y gestión del studium medieval portugués, todos entrelazados con el fin de obtener una imagen de la historia de la universidad en Portugal. Estos tres ejes se basan en diferentes campos de las humanidades digitales, tales como las bases de datos y los SIG, que tenemos la intención de fusionar y hacer disponibles en línea en un futuro próximo. Dos de estas bases de datos (Magistri y Peregrinatio) se presentan aquí como casos de estudio que permiten examinar las cuestiones derivadas de la utilización de una metodología basada en la prosopografía, así como intentar aclarar problemas técnicos relacionados con ella.     &nbsp

Single-photon source with adjustable linear SOP

In this work we generate and detect single photons in optical fibers using the stimulated four-wave mixing (FWM)process. The results show an accurate generation of single photons at four different linear states of polarization (SOPs), with angles 0, 45, 90 and -45 degrees.QuantTel - Quantum Secure Telecommunication

The galactic unclassified B[e] star HD 50138. I. A possible new shell phase

The observed spectral variation of HD 50138 has led different authors to classify it in a very wide range of spectral types and luminosity classes (from B5 to A0 and III to Ia) and at different evolutionary stages as either HAeBe star or classical Be. Aims: Based on new high-resolution optical spectroscopic data from 1999 and 2007 associated to a photometric analysis, the aim of this work is to provide a deep spectroscopic description and a new set of parameters for this unclassified southern B[e] star and its interstellar extinction. Methods: From our high-resolution optical spectroscopic data separated by 8 years, we perform a detailed spectral description, presenting the variations seen and discussing their possible origin. We derive the interstellar extinction to HD 50138 by taking the influences of the circumstellar matter in the form of dust and an ionized disk into account. Based on photometric data from the literature and the new Hipparcos distance, we obtain a revised set of parameters for HD 50138. Results: Because of the spectral changes, we tentatively suggest that a new shell phase could have taken place prior to our observations in 2007. We find a color excess value of E(B-V) = 0.08 mag, and from the photometric analysis, we suggest that HD 50138 is a B6-7 III-V star. A discussion of the different evolutionary scenarios is also provided.Comment: Paper accepted for publication in A&A main journal (12 pages, 16 figures and a 3 pages-table). Language corrected versio

Caractetrização de operadores modulares implementados em FPGA

Tese de mestrado integrado. Engenharia Electrotécnica e de computadores. Faculdade de Engenharia. Universidade do Porto. 201