Compreensão dos adolescentes sobre eventos adversos relacionados à quimioterapia: um estudo de elicitação de conceitos

Objetivo: documentar la comprensión de los adolescentes de los principales eventos adversos relacionados con la quimioterapia a partir de la versión de los Criterios Terminológicos Comunes para Eventos Adversos reportados por los pacientes pediátricos y así iniciar el proceso de validación de los ítems de esta herramienta con adolescentes brasileños. Método: este es un estudio prospectivo y cualitativo de elicitación de conceptos. Los participantes fueron 17 adolescentes de entre 13 y 18 años de edad que recibían quimioterapia en tres hospitales de São Paulo-SP, Brasil. Se realizaron entrevistas cognitivas con preguntas basadas en eventos adversos relacionados con la quimioterapia. Los datos se analizaron en función de la presencia y ausencia de respuesta. Resultados: los adolescentes podían y estaban dispuestos a proporcionar información descriptiva sobre los efectos adversos de la quimioterapia, incluidos los físicos y emocionales. Algunos participantes sugirieron términos alternativos para denominar los eventos adversos y otros utilizaron términos más complejos, pero la mayoría se mostró satisfecha con los términos principales utilizados por los investigadores. Conclusión: este estudio representa los primeros pasos hacia la comprensión de cómo los pacientes adolescentes con cáncer identifican, nombran y describen estos eveObjetivo: documentar a compreensão dos adolescentes sobre os principais eventos adversos relacionados à quimioterapia a partir da versão Pediátrica dos Desfechos Relatados pelo Paciente (Patient-Reported Outcomes) dos Critérios de Terminologia Comum para Eventos Adversos (Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events), e assim iniciar o processo de validação dos itens desta ferramenta com adolescentes brasileiros. Método: trata-se de um estudo prospectivo, qualitativo, de elicitação de conceitos. Participaram do estudo 17 adolescentes de 13 a 18 anos, submetidos à quimioterapia em três hospitais da cidade de São Paulo-SP, Brasil. Foram realizadas entrevistas cognitivas com perguntas baseadas em eventos adversos relacionados à quimioterapia. Os dados foram analisados quanto à responsividade e ausência de resposta. Resultados: os adolescentes puderam e estavam dispostos a fornecer informações descritivas sobre seus eventos adversos quimioterápicos, incluindo eventos físicos e emocionais. Alguns participantes sugeriram nomes alternativos para os eventos adversos e alguns usaram termos mais complexos, mas a maioria ficou satisfeita com aqueles utilizados pelos pesquisadores. Conclusão: este estudo representa os primeiros passos para entender como os adolescentes com câncer identificam, nomeiam e descrevem esses eventos por meio de entrevistas cognitivas para ajudar a criar futuros instrumentos de avaliação focados nessa faixa etária.Objective: to document adolescents’ understanding of chemotherapy-related core adverse events from the Pediatric Patient-Reported Outcomes version of the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events and thus begin the validation process of this tool’s items with Brazilian adolescents. Method: this is a prospective, qualitative study of concept elicitation. The participants were 17 adolescents aged 13-18 years and undergoing chemotherapy in three hospitals in São Paulo - SP, Brazil. Cognitive interviews were conducted with questions based on chemotherapy-related adverse events. Data were analyzed for responsiveness and missingness. Results: adolescents could and were willing to provide descriptive information about their chemotherapy adverse events, including physical and emotional events. Some participants suggested alternative terms to name the adverse events and some used more complex terms, but most were satisfied with the primary terms used by the researchers. Conclusion: this study represents the first steps towards understanding how adolescent cancer patients identify, name, and describe these events by cognitive interviewing to help design future assessment instruments focused on this age group

The gastropod statolith elemental composition by EPMA

Gastropods statoliths are biogenic structures of CaCO3, analogous to fish otoliths. Their application in sclerochronology is recent and may be advantageous comparing to the most traditional organisms used hitherto. Moreover, since elements bind within calcified structures, statoliths theoretically incorporate chemical information from the surrounding environment over time. So, besides being used for age estimation and growth studies, statoliths elemental fingerprinting is recognized as natural tag to track larval dispersal and may also be considered as a potential marker of environmental change and/or pollution. However there is a lack of information on the elemental composition of adult gastropod statoliths. Here we characterize Nassariusreticulatus (Gastropoda: Caenogastropoda) statoliths elemental composition by electron microprobe analysis (EMPA).One statolith from each of 3 adults was prepared for EMPA (Figure 1) and showed the same structural pattern: a nucleus circled by a metamorphic ring and, in addition to this core, 4 other rings delineating 5 increments (Figure 1F). General composition was assessed by Energy and Wavelength Dispersive Spectroscopy revealing C, Ca, O, Sr, Na, S and Mg as the most representative elements. These were then quantified in 3 points per increment. Carbon was not determined since surfaces were C-coated and the amount of oxides of Ca, Sr, Na, S and Mg was estimated from the valence. In addition, Ba – trace element in statoliths of some gastropods larvae – and Al, Cu, Hg, Sn – known as environmental pollutants – were also sought in one of the statoliths. For such, mean values for Ca, Sr, Na, S, Mg and O were set as the sample matrix. Standards and mean detection limits by element and statolith are indicated in Table 1.Concentrations of Ca, O, Na, Sr and S varied between 3.7x105-4.2x105, 1.5x105-1.7x105, 2.5x103-6.1x103, 1.3x103-8.9x103 and 4.7x102-1.3x103 ppm, respectively; Mg, which was not always detected, ranged from 2.0x102-8.6x102 ppm. No significant differences in these elements mean concentrations were found between increments, except Na in one statolith between increments 1 and 5 (higher at the edge; Dunn’s test s=2.014, p&gt;0.05). Thus the general elemental composition is nearly constant throughout lifespan (i.e. along statoliths radiuses). Regarding trace elements: Sn was never detected; Al and Hg were at 22.2% of the punctual analyses conducted while Cu was at 66.7% and Ba at 88.9%. Concentrations of Al, Hg, Cu and Ba varied between 55-71, 176-180, 183-302 and 647-969 ppm, respectively.EMPA proved to be a useful technique in sclerochronology, allowing the characterization of the overall composition of gastropods statoliths and the quantification of elements in specific locations with high resolution.This work was supported by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) through the grant SFRH/BPD/70368/2010.</jats:p

Invasive monitoring of the clinical effects of high intra-abdominal pressure for insertion of the first trocar.

Background: To analyze the effects of transitory, high intra-abdominal pressure on clinical, hemodynamic, blood gas and metabolic parameters.&#xd;&#xa;&#xd;&#xa;Methods: Sixty-seven laparoscopic patients were divided into groups P12 (n = 30, maximum intra-abdominal pressure of 12 mmHg) and P20 (n = 37, maximum intra-abdominal pressure of 20 mmHg). Through radial artery cannulation, mean arterial pressure (MAP) was assessed and blood gas analysis &#x2013; pH, arterial oxygen tension (PaO2), arterial carbon dioxide tension (PaCO2), bicarbonate (HCO3) and base excess (BE) &#x2013; was performed. These parameters were evaluated in both groups at time point zero, before CO2 insufflation; at time point one (TP1), when intra-abdominal pressure of 12 mmHg was reached in both groups; at time point two (TP2), 5 minutes after reaching intra-abdominal pressure of 12 mmHg in group P12 and of 20 mmHg in group P20; and at time point three (TP3), 10 minutes after reaching intra-abdominal pressure of 12 mmHg in group P12 and 10 minutes after TP1 in group P20, when intra-abdominal pressure decreased from 20 mmHg to 12 mmHg. Values out of the normal range or the occurrence of atypical phenomena suggestive of organic disease indicated clinical changes.&#xd;&#xa;&#xd;&#xa;Results: Significant variations in MAP, pH, HCO3 and BE were observed in group P20; these changes, however, were within normal limits. Clinical changes were also within normal limits, and no pathological phenomena were observed.&#xd;&#xa;&#xd;&#xa;Conclusions: Brief, intra-abdominal hypertension for the insertion first trocar insertion causes variations in MAP, pH, HCO3 and BE without adverse effects, and it may protect from iatrogenic injury

Selective denitrification of lipophilic pollutants from oily wastewater by peroxidation using Janus-structured amphiphilic carbon nanotubes as catalysts

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were tested as catalysts in the selective denitrification of 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) from oily wastewater by catalytic wet peroxide oxidation (CWPO). The CNTs were prepared by chemical vapor deposition, feeding sequentially ethylene (E) and/or acetonitrile (A) during different times until 20 min, resulting in samples E20, A20 and E10A10, the number denoting the time feeding of each precursor and the order of appearance of the letter indicating the order of each precursor. The synthesized CNTs were tested in the CWPO of 4-NP in aqueous solutions and in simulated oily wastewater (2,2,4-trimethylpentane and water) at 80 ºC, initial pH 3.5, C4-NP = 1 g L-1, CH2O2 = 3.56 g/L and Ccatalyst = 2.5 g L-1. The catalyst A20 promoted a faster decomposition of H2O2 and a lower degradation of 4-NP in the aqueous system, whereas the catalyst E20 displayed the opposite trend, since E20 was able to remove 99% of the pollutant and A20 only 69% after 8 h of reaction. E10A10 in biphasic L-L media presented the highest conversion of 4-NP after 24 h in the oily phase (51%), followed by A20 (38%) and then E20 (25%). This tendency may be ascribed to the formation of Pickering emulsions by E10A10. The amphiphilic carachteristic of this material ensures a closer contact between the liquid phases, allowing higher mass transfer.This work was financially supported by project "PLASTIC_TO_FUEL&MAT – Upcycling Waste Plastics into Fuel and Carbon Nanomaterials" (PTDC/EQU-EQU/31439/2017), Base Funding - UIDB/50020/2020 of the Associate Laboratory LSRE-LCM - funded by national funds through FCT/MCTES (PIDDAC), and CIMO (UIDB/00690/2020) through FEDER under Program PT2020. Fernanda F. Roman acknowledges the national funding by FCT, Foundation for Science and Technology, and FSE, European Social Fund, through the individual research grant SFRH/BD/143224/2019.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

The role of Tyr(605) and Ala(607) of thimet oligopeptidase and Tyr(606) and Gly(608) of neurolysin in substrate hydrolysis and inhibitor binding

The physicochemical properties of TOP (thimet oligopeptidase) and NEL (neurolysin) and their hydrolytic activities towards the FRET (fluorescence resonance energy transfer) peptide series AbzGFSXFRQ-EDDnp [where Abz is o-aminobenzoyl; X = Ala, Ile, Leu, Phe, Tyr, Trp, Ser, Gln, Glu, His, Arg or Pro; and EDDnp is N-(2,4-dinitrophenyl)-ethylenediamine] were compared with those of site-mutated analogues. Mutations at Tyr(605) and Ala(607) in TOP and at Tyr(606) and Gly(608) in NEL did not affect the overall folding of the two peptidases, as indicated by their thermal stability, CD analysis and the pH-dependence of the intrinsic fluorescence of the protein. the kinetic parameters for the hydrolysis of substrates with systematic variations at position P-1 showed that Tyr(605) and Tyr(606) of TOP and NEL respectively, played a role in subsite S-1. Ala(607) of TOP and Gly(608) of NEL contributed to the flexibility of the loops formed by residues 600-612 (GHLAGGYDGQYYG; one-letter amino acid codes used) in NEL and 599-611 (GHLAGGYDAQYYG; one-letter amino acid codes used) in TOP contributing to the distinct substrate specificities, particularly with an isoleucine residue at P-1. TOP Y605A was inhibited less efficiently by JA-2 {N-[1-(R,S)-carboxy-3-phenylpropyl]Ala-Aib-Tyr-p-aminobenzoate}, which suggested that the aromatic ring of Ty,105 was an important anchor for its interaction with wild-type TOP. the hydroxy groups of Tyr 605 and Tyr.. did not contribute to the pH-activity profiles, since the pKs obtained in the assays of mutants TOP Y605F and NEL Y606F were similar to those of wild-type peptidases. However, the pH-k(cat)/K-m dependence curve of TOP Y605A differed from that of wild-type TOP and from TOP Y606F. These results provide insights into the residues involved in the substrate specificities of TOP and NEL and how they select cytosolic peptides for hydrolysis.Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Biofis, BR-04044020 São Paulo, BrazilInst Butantan, Lab Especial Toxinol Aplicada, CAT, CEPID, BR-05467010 São Paulo, BrazilUniv São Paulo, Inst Ciencias Biomed, Dept Biol Celular & Desenvolvimento, Programa Biol Celular, BR-05508900 São Paulo, BrazilUniv São Paulo, Lab Neurociencias, BR-03071000 São Paulo, BrazilUniv Mogi das Cruzes, CIIB, BR-08780911 Mogi Das Cruzes, SP, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Biofis, BR-04044020 São Paulo, BrazilWeb of Scienc

Simulation Mechanism with 2 Degrees of Freedom

This article discusses the historical analysis of the development of simulators applied to aviation. From the development with the application of the first necessity, at the beginning of the 20th century, to the nowadays technology. Today the technology is used in several fields, justifying the increasing business investment destined to the sector, such as training, recycling, development and entertainment. Its advantage, compared to the real model, is the lower cost and greater security. Some simulator mechanisms were studied in order to select one that meets practical USAge demands, and, in the end, a mechanism design is presented, aiming at the future construction and study of the different systems of a simulator in practice

Selective oxidation of 4-nitrophenol with H2O2 in a biphasic system by janus-like carbon nanotubes

The use of petroleum-based products has increased drastically with the increase in population, resulting in the deposition of oily products in aquatic systems. It is estimated that for each ton of petroleum that undergoes refinement processes, between 0.5 and 1 ton of oily wastewaters are generated, bearing an oil concentration that may reach 40 g L-1 [1,2]. Hazardous pollutants dissolved both in oily and aqueous phases may also be found in those oily wastewaters [3], hindering their treatment through conventional processes. Furthermore, the oil phase is, in some cases, an added-value product, and its degradation results in economic losses. Thus, the development of processes that allow the removal of hazardous contaminants from oily and aqueous phases, providing an opportunity for recovering both phases, should be advantageous [3]. This work deals with the selective removal of a hazardous compound (4-nitrophenol, 4-NP) from a simulated oily wastewater (2,2,4-trimethylpentane:water = 10:90 v/v) by an oxidative process considering H2O2 as oxidant and amphiphilic Janus-like carbon nanotubes as catalysts. Amphiphilic catalysts were selected since they should present advantages in this process due to their ability to interact with both aqueous and oily compounds and phases [4]This work was financially supported by project "PLASTIC_TO_FUEL&MAT – Upcycling Waste Plastics into Fuel and Carbon Nanomaterials" (PTDC/EQU-EQU/31439/2017), Base Funding - UIDB/50020/2020 of the Associate Laboratory LSRE-LCM - funded by national funds through FCT/MCTES (PIDDAC), and CIMO (UIDB/00690/2020) through FEDER under Program PT2020. Fernanda F. Roman acknowledges the national funding by FCT, Foundation for Science and Technology, and FSE, European Social Fund, through the individual research grant SFRH/BD/143224/2019.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

O SERVIÇO DE ASSISTÊNCIA À CONSTRUÇÃO CIVIL PROFª. DACILA VITOLA E SUAS CONTRIBUIÇÕES SOCIAIS ÀS COMUNIDADES

Criado em 1982, o Serviço de Assistência à Construção Civil Profª. Dacila Vitola (SAsCC), é um programa vinculado à Escola de Engenharia (EE) da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), que atua com projetos de ensino, pesquisa e extensão. Atualmente, o SAsCC trabalha sob formato de escritório modelo de engenharia, através de uma infraestrutura disponibilizada pela universidade. Sua composição se dá por alunos dos cursos de engenharia civil, que atuam como bolsistas ou voluntários, uma técnica de laboratório da área de edificações, e duas coordenadoras responsáveis pelo programa. Desde a sua criação, a maior demanda de atividades realizadas pelo SAsCC corresponde a seu viés de projeto de extensão. Dessa forma, é prestada assistência técnica à comunidade do Rio Grande através de auxílio nos processos de regularização de imóveis, no que diz respeito à moradia e à propriedade. O serviço é destinado aos indivíduos economicamente hipossuficientes que recebem apoio gratuito do programa. A avaliação quanto ao desempenho do serviço prestado e dos membros participantes se dá através de reuniões periódicas onde os grupos temáticos expõem o andamento respectivo de cada grupo, a fim de aprimorar continuamente a qualidade do programa. Além de atuar como suporte para a comunidade externa à universidade, o SAsCC também colabora com o desenvolvimento pessoal e profissional dos alunos que participam junto ao programa. Seu grande diferencial se dá pela promoção de ações sociais, junto a estimulação do trabalho voluntário, abordando uma perspectiva de realidade que não é vivenciada na graduação. Por ser um dos poucos projetos de extensão universitária dessa natureza na região, o SAsCC possuiu grande valor e importância para a cidade do Rio Grande, visto que o serviço prestado colabora tanto para o desenvolvimento da cidade, quanto na qualidade de vida da população

Effect of pre-weaning diet on the ruminal archaeal, bacterial, and fungal communities of dairy calves.

At birth, calves display an underdeveloped rumen that eventually matures into a fully functional rumen as a result of solid food intake and microbial activity. However, little is known regarding the gradual impact of pre-weaning diet on the establishment of the rumen microbiota. Here, we employed next-generation sequencing to investigate the effects of the inclusion of starter concentrate (M: milk-fed vs. MC: milk plus starter concentrate fed) on archaeal, bacterial and anaerobic fungal communities in the rumens of 45 crossbred dairy calves across pre-weaning development (7, 28, 49, and 63 days). Our results show that archaeal, bacterial, and fungal taxa commonly found in the mature rumen were already established in the rumens of calves at 7 days old, regardless of diet. This confirms that microbiota colonization occurs in the absence of solid substrate. However, diet did significantly impact some microbial taxa. In the bacterial community, feeding starter concentrate promoted greater diversity of bacterial taxa known to degrade readily fermentable carbohydrates in the rumen (e.g., Megasphaera, Sharpea, and Succinivribrio). Shifts in the ruminal bacterial community also correlated to changes in fermentation patterns that favored the colonization of Methanosphaera sp. A4 in the rumen of MC calves. In contrast, M calves displayed a bacterial community dominated by taxa able to utilize milk nutrients (e.g., Lactobacillus, Bacteroides, and Parabacteroides). In both diet groups, the dominance of these milk-associated taxa decreased with age, suggesting that diet and age simultaneously drive changes in the structure and abundance of bacterial communities in the developing rumen. Changes in the composition and abundance of archaeal communities were attributed exclusively to diet, with more highly abundant Methanosphaera and less abundant Methanobrevibacter in MC calves. Finally, the fungal community was dominated by members of the genus SK3 and Caecomyces. Relative anaerobic fungal abundances did not change significantly in response to diet or age, likely due to high inter-animal variation and the low fiber content of starter concentrate. This study provides new insights into the colonization of archaea, bacteria, and anaerobic fungi communities in pre-ruminant calves that may be useful in designing strategies to promote colonization of target communities to improve functional development

2-(4,5-Dihydro-1,3-oxazol-2-yl)quinoline

The title compound, C12H10N2O, is approximately planar. The angle between the quinoline and 4,5-dihydro­oxazole ring systems is 11.91 (12)°. The mol­ecules pack into a herringbone array with no significant π–π inter­actions. The dihydro­oxazole N and O atoms are disordered over two positions, with almost equal site occupancy factors