TRADE IN INTERMEDIATE GOODS IN ITALIAN MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES

Due to the emergence of global value chains, trade has increased in intermediates goods. The first objective of the paper is to provide a picture of Italian intermediate imports by industry and over time. Moreover, this paper attempts to study three possible factors than can influence the import of intermediate goods - global sourcing, outsourcing and MNE networks - using pooled cross-section data for the period 1985-2004 for Italian industries. The econometric results point to a different relationship for high and medium-high technology industries and medium-low and low technology industries relative to the role of inward and outward FDI in explaining the imported intermediate demand. The results suggest that outsourcing is important in explaining intermediate imports for medium-low and low technology industries. On the contrary, for high and medium-high technology industries the data give support to the global-sourcing hypothesis while the evidence for the MNE network hypothesis is weak.Input-Output tables, Intermediate imports, Multinational firms

FAMILY INVOLVEMENT IN MANAGEMENT AND FIRM PERFORMANCE: EVIDENCE FROM ITALY

Using Total Factor Productivity (TFP) as a measure of corporate performance, this study compares the performance of owner management to that of firms run by professional managers over the period 2004-2006. We consider the influence of owner management for the sample as a whole and for subgroups of firms. The findings demonstrate that family run firms are less productive than firms run by professional managers, but the difference between the two is small. Our results support the idea that in Italy there is not a genuine process of manager selection both for family and no-family firms.TFP, Family firms, Management

EXPLAINING TFP AT FIRM LEVEL IN ITALY. DOES LOCATION MATTER?

This study analyses how firms' internal variables and regional factors affect Total Factor Productivity (TFP) of Italian manufacturing firms. Due to the hierarchical structure of our data, we employ a multilevel model that allows for a clear distinction between firm and region-specific effects. Results refer to 2004-2006 and show, as expected, the importance of firm-specific determinants of TFP. At the same time, they indicate that location matters, in the sense that the context where firms operate plays a crucial role in determining the level of TFP. In more detail, we find that the regional endowment of infrastructure, the efficiency of local administration and the investments in R&D exert a positive effect on firms' performance. We also argue that regional gaps in the endowment of these factors help to understand the dualistic nature of the Italian economy, where a wealthy North coexists with a less developed South.Manufacturing Firms, Total Factor Productivity, Italian Regional Divide, Multilevel Models

Firm heterogeneity in productivity across Europe. What explains what?

This paper analyses the TFP heterogeneity of a sample of manufacturing firms operating in seven EU countries (Austria, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Spain and UK). TFP data refer to 2008. The empirical setting is based on the multilevel modelling which provides two main results. Firstly, we show that TFP heterogeneity is largely due to firm-specific features (85% of TFP variability in the empty-model). Interestingly, we find that some key-drivers of TFP (size, family-management, group membership, innovations and human capital) influence heterogeneity in productivity with the expect sign, but do not, on the whole, absorb much of firm-TFP variance, implying that differences in productivity are due to sizable yet unobservable firm characteristics. Secondly, as far the role of localization is concerned, we demonstrate that country-effect is more influential than region-effect in explaining individual productivity. Net of the country-effect, the localisation in different European regions explains about 5% of TFP firm heterogeneity. When considering the case of three individual countries (France, Italy and Spain), location in different regions explains 5.3% of TFP heterogeneity in Italy, while this proportion is lower (3.6%) in France and higher (9.9%) in Spain

Export quality in the machinery sector: Some evidence from main competitors

The paper compares the export quality of Italy, Germany, Japan and China. The empirical analysis is based on export unit value for a sample of machinery products exported to the USA over the decade 1996-2006. The results point to four stylised facts. First, Italy, Germany and Japan are positioned in production with high unit value. Second, some evidence of qualitative upgrading of Italian exports is found in the machinery industry. Third, German exports show the highest quality in all the machinery divisions. Finally, China has dramatically increased its medium-high technology exports in the course of the decade, but these are concentrated in the lowest quality segment of the market. Nevertheless, Chinese unit value of machinery exports are rising over time, suggesting a qualitative catching-up.Export Quality, Machinery Sector, Index Numbers

Sulla dinamica della produttività totale dei fattori in Italia. Un’analisi settoriale

L’obiettivo di questo lavoro è di analizzare, utilizzando dati di impresa, il rallentamento della produttività osservato in Italia a partire dagli anni ‘90. L’idea è di verificare se nel periodo 1996-2005 l’andamento della produttività aggregata è imputabile a un rallentamento generalizzato, oppure se è riconducibile a specifici settori. I principali risultati sono tre. In primo luogo, si mostra che l’andamento della produttività del lavoro è sempre spiegato dalla produttività totale dei fattori. Inoltre, si evidenziano dinamiche differenti nei livelli della produttività settoriale e una forte dipendenza della produttività aggregata da quella osservata in alcuni specifici settori. In particolare, i comparti della carta e della chimica spiegano gran parte del declino che si è osservato nel settore manifatturiero fino al 2002-2003. La terza conclusione riguarda il contributo alla crescita dovuto al riposizionamento delle imprese nel mercato. Nella fase della riduzione della produttività (1996-2003), questo contributo è elevato e tale da aver impedito una crisi di dimensioni maggiori, mentre è marginale nella fase della ripresa, quando, al contrario, la performance del settore è legata ad un incremento generalizzato della produttività delle impreseProduttività del lavoro, TPF, Settore Manifatturiero, Effetto riallocazione

Firm heterogeneity in productivity across Europe. What explains what?

This paper analyses the TFP heterogeneity of a sample of manufacturing firms operating in seven EU countries (Austria, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Spain and UK). TFP data refer to 2008. The empirical setting is based on the multilevel modelling which provides two main results. Firstly, we show that TFP heterogeneity is largely due to firm-specific features (85% of TFP variability in the empty-model). Interestingly, we find that some key-drivers of TFP (size, family-management, group membership, innovations and human capital) influence heterogeneity in productivity with the expect sign, but do not, on the whole, absorb much of firm-TFP variance, implying that differences in productivity are due to sizable yet unobservable firm characteristics. Secondly, as far the role of localization is concerned, we demonstrate that country-effect is more influential than region-effect in explaining individual productivity. Net of the country-effect, the localisation in different European regions explains about 5% of TFP firm heterogeneity. When considering the case of three individual countries (France, Italy and Spain), location in different regions explains 4.7% of TFP heterogeneity in Italy, while this proportion is lower (2.9%) in France and higher (7.6%) in Spain

UN’ANALISI COMPARATA SUL POSIZIONAMENTO QUALITATIVO DELLE ESPORTAZIONI ITALIANE

Questo lavoro fornisce alcune evidenze sul posizionamento qualitativo delle esportazioni. L’analisi empirica, relativa al periodo 1996-2006, si concentra sulla qualità delle esportazioni nel settore della meccanica di Italia, Germania, Giappone e Cina nel mercato degli Stati Uniti. La ricerca utilizza dati delle esportazioni della banca dati Comtrade delle Nazioni Unite. L’evidenza empirica mostra che: 1) in Italia è in atto un processo di riposizionamento qualitativo nel settore della meccanica; 2) l’Italia, così come la Germania e il Giappone, risulta in prevalenza specializzata nelle produzioni a più elevati valori medi unitari a livello mondiale; 3) il modello di specializzazione cinese si sta evolvendo verso prodotti a medio-alta tecnologia, senza tuttavia competere con i tradizionali esportatori di prodotti meccanici, posizionati su segmenti di mercato diversi. I valori medi unitari delle esportazioni cinesi, pur essendo inferiori alla media mondiale, presentano un trend crescente, possibile segnale di catching-up qualitativospecializzazione qualitativa, settore della meccanica

Explaining TFP at firm level in Italy. Does location matter?

This study analyses how firms' internal variables and regional factors affect Total Factor Productivity (TFP) of Italian manufacturing firms. Due to the hierarchical structure of our data, we employ a multilevel model that allows for a clear distinction between firm and region-specific effects. Results refer to 2004-2006 and show, as expected, the importance of firm-specific determinants of TFP. At the same time, they indicate that location matters, in the sense that the context where firms operate plays a crucial role in determining the level of TFP. In more detail, we find that the regional endowment of infrastructure, the efficiency of local administration and the investments in R&D exert a positive effect on firms' performance. We also argue that regional gaps in the endowment of these factors help to understand the dualistic nature of the Italian economy, where a wealthy North coexists with a less developed South

Do firms benefit from university research? Evidence from Italy

The aim of this paper is to assess the effect on firm total factor productivity of the university research. Since the impact of universities on firms’ performance is subtle and complex, we verify whether territorial context, sector and firm size may influence this relationship. Results show that university R&D does not seem to affect Italian firm productivity. However, if we consider geographical location and sector, we find that university activities have a positive effect on the performance of firms located in the North of Italy or operating in the specialised supplier sector. Several robustness checks confirm the significant role played by universities above all in the North of Italy. The policy implications of these findings are discussed