Incidencia de los microcurriculos del programa de ingenier?a de sistemas de la universidad piloto de Colombia ? seccional alto magdalena en calidad de los resultados del examen de estado Saberpro

82 P?ginasRecurso Electr?nicoEl presente trabajo de investigaci?n permite describir e interpretar en primer lugar los resultados del proyecto de investigaci?n desarrollado en el Programa de Ingenier?a de Sistemas analizando los bajos resultados de las pruebas Saber Pro a partir del a?o 2011 al 2013, ubic?ndolos por debajo de la media nacional, situaci?n que genera debate en la comunidad acad?mica de la universidad si dichos resultados est?n relacionados con los micro-curr?culos que el programa oferta a trav?s de sus asignaturas, si las directrices institucionales est?n acordes a los planteamientos que el Ministerio de Educaci?n imparte a trav?s de la Ley 1324 de 2009 en cuanto a los criterios para organizar el sistema de evaluaci?n peri?dicamente o si est? relacionado a una problem?tica asociada al docente que acompa?a el proceso educativo de los estudiantes. En segundo lugar, pretende identificar a que se debe dichos resultados, a qu? obedece las falencias de los estudiantes y como poder formular alternativas de soluci?n que propendan por mejorar y fortalecer los procesos educativos dentro de la instituci?n de manera que cuando se compruebe el desarrollo de las competencias de los estudiantes al momento de enfrentar las pruebas se logre obtener mejores resultados y con ello posicionar el programa de la Universidad. Para ello los investigadores utilizaron una contrastaci?n de los micro-curr?culums del Programa sobre las competencias espec?ficas que eval?a las pruebas Saber Pro, de tal forma que permitir? establecer las desviaciones permitiendo construir una propuesta a implementarse al corto, mediano y largo plazo en el Programa, para lo cual tomamos para su construcci?n como l?nea base los resultados de las pruebas saber pro de los estudiantes de ingenier?a de las ?ltimas 5 pruebas presentadas por los estudiantes desde el per?odo 2011-1 hasta el 2013-3, los micro-curr?culums de las asignaturas disciplinares del Programa y el modelo basado en evidencias que propende el ICFES.ABSTRACT This research allows us to describe and interpret first results of a research project developed in Program Systems Engineering analyzing low test scores Saber Pro from 2011 to 2013, placing them below the national average This situation generates debate in the academic community college if these results are related to micro-curricula that offer the program through its subjects, whether institutional guidelines are consistent with the approaches that the Ministry of Education provided through Law 1324 of 2009 in terms of the criteria for organizing the evaluation system periodically or if it is related to problems associated with teacher accompanying the educational process of students. Secondly, it aims to identify those results is due, what accounted for the shortcomings of students and how to formulate alternative solutions that tend to improve and strengthen educational processes within the institution so that when you check the development of skills of students when facing the tests achieves better results and thereby position the University program. For this, the researchers used a contrasting micro-curriculum program on specific skills that assesses the evidence Saber Pro, so that will establish allowing deviations build a proposal to be implemented in the short, medium and long term in the Program, for which we take to build it as a baseline test results towards knowledge engineering students of the last 5 tests submitted by students from the period 2011-1 to 2013-3, the micro-curriculum of courses disciplinary program and based on evidence that tends ICFES model.INTRODUCCI?N14 1 PLANTEAMIENTO DEL PROBLEMA 16 1.1 FORMULACI?N DEL PROBLEMA DE INVESTIGACI?N 17 1.2 PREGUNTAS DE INVESTIGACION 17 2 JUSTIFICACI?N 19 3 OBJETIVOS 21 3.1 OBJETIVO GENERAL 21 3.2 OBJETIVOS ESPEC?FICOS 21 4 MARCO REFERENCIAL 22 4.1 LAS PROBLEM?TICAS DE LOS CAMPOS DE LA EDUCACI?N 22 4.2 REFERENTES SOBRE LAS PRUEBAS SABER PRO ? ORIGENES 26 4.2.1 Antecedentes de las pruebas. 26 4.2.2 Objetivos de las Pruebas de Estado.. 27 4.2.2.1 Evaluar todo el sistema de educaci?n superior. 28 4.2.2.2 Garantizar la utilidad de los indicadores. 29 4.2.2.3 Garantizar la confiabilidad y la continuidad de los indicadores 29 4.2.2.4 Garantizar la interpretaci?n pedag?gica de los resultados 29 4.2.3 ?Qu? se eval?a? 30 4.2.4 ?A qui?nes se eval?a?. 31 4.3 NORMATIVIDAD. LA PRUEBA SABER PRO EST? RESPALDADO POR EL SIGUIENTE CONJUNTO DE NORMAS (ICFES, 2014, E): 31 4.4 ESTRUCTURA GENERAL DE LA PRUEBA 32 4.4.1 Las evaluaciones del ICFES. El ICFES es la entidad responsable de la evaluaci?n de la educaci?n colombiana.. 33 4.4.2 ?C?mo se elaboran las pruebas? 33 4.4.3 Metodolog?a de dise?o de especificaciones de las pruebas a partir del modelo basado en evidencias.. 34 5 ANTECEDENTES 39 6 M?TODO 45 6.1 DISE?O METODOL?GICO 45 6.2 PARTICIPANTES 45 6.3 RECOLECCI?N DE LA INFORMACI?N 46 6.3.1 An?lisis de Contenido Cuantitativo.. 47 6.4 T?CNICAS DE RECOLECCI?N DE LA INFORMACI?N 48 6.4.1 An?lisis de contenido cuantitativo.. 48 6.4.2 Prueba estandarizada: 48 6.5 SISTEMATIZACI?N DE LA INFORMACI?N 49 6.5.1 Sistematizaci?n de las pruebas estandarizadas Saber Pro. 49 6.5.2 An?lisis de contenido cuantitativo 58 7 INTERPRETACI?N DE LOS RESULTADOS 72 11 8 IMPACTO SOCIAL ESPERADO 74 9 CRONOGRAMA Y PRESUPUESTO 75 10 CONCLUSIONES 76 RECOMENDACIONES 78 REFERENCIAS 7

Uso de suplementos alimentares por atletas das categorias de base da associação Chapecoense de Futebol

Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o uso de suplementos alimentares por atletas das categorias de base da Associação Chapecoense de Futebol. A amostra foi composta por 67 atletas do sexo masculino na faixa etária de 15 a 20 anos. Foi utilizado um questionário contendo 19 perguntas fechadas e abertas, a fim de conhecer o tipo de suplemento alimentar consumido, a finalidade, quantidade, forma de indicação, prescrição e período de uso. Os resultados revelaram que 92,53% dos atletas faz uso de suplemento alimentar, 31,34% faz uso somente em períodos de competição, o suplemento alimentar mais utilizado pertence a categoria protéica (71,64%) e o principal objetivo de consumo é a recuperação muscular (44,78%). Quanto ao tempo de uso de suplemento alimentar, 32,83% dos atletas consomem há menos de 30 dias e 40,30% estão utilizando o mesmo produto há menos de um mês. Quando analisada a forma de indicação para o uso de suplemento, 86,57% dos atletas foram orientados por um profissional, destes, 68,66% tiveram indicação pela nutricionista do Clube. Analisando os resultados, pode-se concluir que a maioria dos atletas fazem de suplementos alimentares buscando melhorar sua performance em campo, além de suprir suas demandas energéticas. Contudo, pode-se perceber o quanto a atuação da nutricionista do Clube foi fundamental para que os atletas seguissem as indicações corretas, fazendo uso somente de suplementos alimentares necessários e em períodos de curta duração, não comprometendo a sua saúde. ABSTRACT Use of dietary supplements by athletes of the basic categories of the chapecoense football associationThis study aimed to evaluate the use of dietary supplements by athletes of the basic categories of the Chapecoense Football Association. The sample consisted of 67 male athletes aged between 15 to 20 years. A questionnaire containing 19 closed and open questions was used in order to know the type of food supplement consumed, the purpose, quantity, form of indication, prescription and period of use. The results showed that 92,53% of the athletes use a dietary supplement and 31.34% use only during periods of competition. The most commonly used food supplement belongs to the protein category (71.64%), The main consumption objective being recovery (44.78%). As for the time of use of food supplement, 32.83% of athletes consume less than 30 days and 40.30% are using the same product for less than a month. When the form of indication for the use of supplement was analyzed, 86.57% of the athletes were guided by a professional, of these 68.66% were indicated by the nutritionist of the Club. Analyzing the results, it can be concluded that most athletes use dietary supplements to improve their performance in the field, in addition to supplying their energy demands. However, one can see how much the nutritionist's performance in the Club was fundamental for athletes to follow the correct indications, making use of only necessary nutritional supplements and in short periods, without compromising their health

Classical homocystinuria: A common inborn error of metabolism? An epidemiological study based on genetic databases

Background: Biallelic pathogenic variants in CBS gene cause the most common form of homocystinuria, the classical homocystinuria (HCU). The worldwide prevalence of HCU is estimated to be 0.82:100,000 [95% CI, 0.39–1.73:100,000] according to clinical records and 1.09:100,000 [95% CI, 0.34–3.55:100,000] by neonatal screening. In this study, we aimed to estimate the minimal worldwide incidence of HCU. Methods: The 25 most common pathogenic alleles of HCU were identified through a literature review. The incidence of HCU was estimated based on the frequency of these common pathogenic alleles in a large genomic database (gnomAD). Results: The minimum worldwide incidence of HCU was estimated to be ~0.38:100,000, and the incidence was higher in Europeans non-Finnish (~0.72:100,000) and Latin Americans (~0.45:100,000) and lower in Africans (~0.20:100,000) and Asians (~0.02:100,000). Conclusion: Our data are in accordance with the only published metanalysis on this topic. To our surprise, the observed incidence of HCU in Europeans was much lower than those described in articles exploring small populations from northern Europe but was similar to the incidence described on the basis of neonatal screening programs. In our opinion, this large dataset analyzed and its population coverage gave us greater precision in the estimation of incidence

Silício na produção e qualidade fitossanitária de tomate (Lycopersicum esculentum)

Silicon (Si) is a beneficial element that has been studied in various plants, seeking to improve the nutritional quality and health, in order to more sustainable agriculture. The present study was conducted to evaluate the efficiency of potassium silicate application combined or not with phytosanitary treatments, in the production and health quality of tomato. The experimental design was randomized blocks with six treatments, four replications and 12 plants per plot. The treatments were: control (T1), phytosanitary treatment (T2), 1.0 kg ha-1 Si (T3), 1.0 kg ha-1 Si and phytosanitary treatments (T4), 2.0 kg ha-1 Si (T5) and 2.0 kg ha-1 Si and phytosanitary treatments (T6). From 30 days after transplant, the visual plant health was performed fortnightly. Ten days before the first harvest, was recorded fruit set, considering only the first bunch of four central plants of each plot. At harvest time, counted the commercial fruits harvested, the fruit attacked per worm and the fruits damaged by scalding, in the of four central plants of each plot. Also gauged it fresh weight of these same fruits and productivity. The Si had little effect on increasing the production and quality of tomato plant, when applied alone. Despite the lower results in treatments containing only Si, the data indicate the possibility of their use in organic production or assist in treatments with fungicides and insecticide in conventional tillage system. However, further studies should be performed specifically in relation to other forms of application.O silício (Si) é um elemento benéfico que vem sendo estudado em várias plantas, buscando melhorar a qualidade nutricional e sanitária, em vistas a uma agricultura mais sustentável. O presente trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo avaliar a aplicação do silicato de potássio, combinado ou não com tratamentos fitossanitários, na produção e qualidade do tomate conduzido a campo. O delineamento experimental adotado foi o de blocos ao acaso, com seis tratamentos, quatro repetições e 12 plantas por parcela. Os tratamentos foram: testemunha (T1), tratamentos fitossanitários (T2), 1,0 kg ha-1 de Si (T3), 1,0 kg ha-1 de Si e tratamentos fitossanitários (T4), 2,0 kg ha-1 de Si (T5) e 2,0 kg ha-1 de Si e tratamentos fitossanitários (T6). A partir dos 30 dias após transplante, foi realizada quinzenalmente uma avaliação visual da fitossanidade das plantas. Dez dias antes da primeira colheita, verificou-se o pegamento dos frutos. No momento da colheita, contabilizaram-se os frutos comerciais colhidos, os frutos atacados por lagarta e os frutos danificados por escaldadura, das quatro plantas centrais de cada parcela. Aferiu-se também o peso fresco destes mesmos frutos e a produtividade. O Si apresentou pouco efeito no aumento da produção e qualidade fitossanitária do tomate, quando aplicado isoladamente. Apesar dos resultados inferiores nos tratamentos contendo apenas Si, os dados sinalizam a possibilidade do seu uso em sistema de produção orgânico ou auxiliar nos tratamentos com fungicidas e inseticidas em sistema de cultivo convencional. Entretanto, novos trabalhos devem ser realizados especificamente no que se refere a outras formas de aplicação

Alternative suppression of Botrytis cinerea in strawberry using essential oils

Strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa) is a perishable fruit with a short post-harvest life and a high incidence of fungal diseases, especially Botrytis cinerea. For control and prevention, synthetic products are often used which negatively influence in the food and environmental security. The present work was carried out with the objective of evaluating the inhibitory potential of essential oils in the growth and control of the B. cinerea in vitro and in vivo. The essential oils of thyme (Thymus vulgares L.), cinnamon (Cinnamomum cassia L.), lemongrass (Cymbopogon flexuosus L.), peppermint (Mentha piperita L.) and tea tree (Melaleuca alternifolia Maiden & Betche) were tested, in addition to control made of autoclaved water, using a completely randomized design with 4 replications. The fungus growth was evaluated in vitro through grading. Strawberry fruits were evaluated for the presence of B. cinerea, firmness and total soluble solids content. The growth of the B. cinerea in vitro, the percentage of gray mold infection, the total soluble solids content and the texture of strawberry were evaluated. The in vitro growth of the fungus received lower scores with the essential oils of thyme and cinnamon, with values of 0.32 and 0.92, respectively, with greater suppression. The percentage of strawberry with symptoms were lower than the treatments with tea tree (8,33%), thyme (25%), lemongrass (25%) and peppermint (26,66%). The essential oils of thyme and cinnamon have potential for use in the control of the Botrytis cinerea in in vitro test and the essential oils of peppermint, thyme, tea tree and lemongrass have potential for use in the suppression in strawberry fruits

Bias against parents in science hits women harder

Worldwide, parenthood remains a major driver for the reduced participation of women in the job market, where discrimination stems from people’s biases against mothers, based on stereotypes and misconceptions surrounding the vision of motherhood in our society. In academia, parenthood may be perceived as negatively affecting scientists’ commitment and dedication, especially women’s. We conducted a survey amongst Brazilian scientists and found that mothers self-reported a higher prevalence of negative bias in their workplace when compared to fathers. The perception of a negative bias was influenced by gender and career status, but not by race, scientific field or number of children. Regarding intersections, mothers with less than 15 years of hiring reported having suffered a higher rate of negative bias against themselves. We discuss implications of these results and suggest how this negative bias should be addressed in order to promote an equitable environment that does not harm women in science

In vitro substrate reduction, chaperone and immunomodulation treatments reduce heparan sulfate in mucolipidosis III human fibroblasts

Abstract Mucolipidosis II and III (MLII and MLIII) are autosomal recessive diseases caused by pathogenic variants in GNPTAB and GNPTG genes that lead to defects in GlcNAc-1-phosphotransferase. This enzyme adds mannose 6-phosphate residues to lysosomal hydrolases, which allows enzymes to enter lysosomes. Defective GlcNAc-1-phosphotransferase causes substrate accumulation and inflammation. These diseases have no treatment, and we hypothesized that the use of substrate reduction therapy and immunomodulation may be beneficial at the cell level and as a future therapeutic approach. Fibroblasts from two patients with MLIII alpha/beta and 2 patients with MLIII gamma as well as from one healthy control were treated with 10 µM miglustat, 20 µM genistein, and 20 µM thalidomide independently. ELISA assay and confocal immunofluorescence microscopy were used to evaluate the presence of heparan sulfate (HS) and the impact on substrate accumulation. ELISA assay showed HS reduction in all patients with the different treatments used (p=0.05). HS reduction was also observed by immunofluorescence microscopy. Our study produced encouraging results, since the reduction in substrate accumulation, even partial, may offer benefits to the phenotype of patients with inborn errors of metabolism