Fast glycorrhachia and cerebrospinal fluid protein as predictors of sensory block in anesthesia with subarachnoid Ropivacaine

BACKGROUND: Identify if glycorrhachia and cerebrospinal fluid protein could influence the time of sensory block to T10, the duration and the metameric block's level, after a standard dose of Ropivacaine. METHODS: 80 patients, ASA I - III undergoing to transurethral prostate resection with spinal anesthesia in a prospected open study were recruited. A 0.2 ml liquor's sample was taken; glycorrhachia, by glycemic stix and CSF protein, by urinary stix, were got, before Ropivacaine 0.5% 15 mg injection (0.10 - 0.15 mlsec). After anti-trendelemburg, with 30 ° tilting for 15 min, the onset of sensory block to T10, the maximum metameric level to 15' and the time of sensory block were reported. The data collection were analyzed using the software language R. RESULTS: A significant correlation liquor specific weigh preoperative glycemia (0.749), liquoral specific weigh glycorrhachia (rho = 0.751; R2 = 0.564; P 0.05) and specific weigh CSF protein (rho = 0.684; R2 = 0.468; P 0.05) were reported. Inverse relation CSF weightsensory block level (rho -0.789, P 0.05, R2 0.621) was evidenced. Inverse relation onset time to T10 glycorrhachia (84%) and cephalic block glycorrhachia (76%) were found. Inverse correlation onset time to T 10 CSF protein and cephalic block proteinorrachia was respectively 84% and 67%. A rho of 0.712 with R2 of 51% BMI onset to T10 and rho of 0.681 with R2 of 51% BMI maximum cephalic block with P 0.05 were reported. CONCLUSIONS: The predictability of a iso-hypobaric local anesthetic could reduce the risk of procedure failure and adverse events by further cephalic spread

Media Coverage of Campaigns: A multilevel study of Mexican women running for office

Previous studies on the United States and Latin America have demonstrated unequal media coverage of men and women during electoral campaigns. However, in Mexico, a country where women increasingly participate in politics, this has seldom been studied. This is worrisome when considering that, with gender stereotyping, the media can create new barriers for female candidates, affecting voters’ perceptions of women’s expertise and policy proposals. Through a comparative analysis, this research explores the role of the media when covering women running for office. It specifically studies coverage of executive-branch campaigns at the three levels of government. This is an important contribution to the literature as there are few studies of the Mexican context; specifically, this research examines the visibility, focus, traits, and issues covered in written media in order to explore, as well expand knowledge of, media biases and Mexican politics. Findings suggest that women running for positions with more power received different appraisal in printed media. Furthermore, male candidates received more coverage with the number of stories and headlines explicitly covering them higher than female candidates. This was most evident in municipal elections. At the same time, coverage of both female and male candidates shied away from personal traits or family matters. The media’s attention was on ‘male’ issues, where women were less competitive than men. Albeit with marginal differences, coverage of municipal elections was positive for women (where they won), compared with that of the across-the-board losses for female candidates running for governor

Analisis Faktor-faktor Preferensi Konsumen yang Mempengaruhi Keputusan Pembelian Sayuran Organik (Studi Kasus : Pelanggan Super Indo Semarang)

As lifestyle changes, increased knowledge and income as well as public awareness of safer organic foods resulting increased demand especially for vegetables. Currently, many Indonesia's modern retailers are marketing organic vegetables causing competition between organic vegetable companies becomes tighter. The company has an important role in attracting consumer preference to purchase organic vegetables by using consumer preference factors.The purpose of the research is to know what factors make up the consumer preference and its effect to the decision of purchasing organic vegetables.The research method is quantitative research with explanatory research type. Data analysis techniques used are validity test, reliability test, exploratory factor analysis, correlation coefficient, coefficient of determination, multiple linear regression analysis, F test, and t test.The result of the research shows consumer preference factors that influence purchase decision are physical product quality factor, pricing, and promotion. While the store's safety and comfortable, the appropriateness of the price, the location of the store, the availability, and the price information has no effect on purchasing decisions of organic vegetables.This research suggests the companies to set organic vegetables marketing strategy based on consumer preferences, as well as a contribution of thought to enrich existing research in Indonesia

Identifikasi Potensi Desa Tamanagung untuk Mendukung Konsep Sister Village dalam Konteks Manajemen Bencana

Tujuan dari penelitian ini dibagi menjadi 3 yaitu: 1) Mengetahui potensi dan kesiapan Desa Tamanagung guna mendukung Konsep Sister Village, 2) Mengetahui persepsi masyarakat Desa Tamanagung terhadap Konsep Sister Village, 3) Mengetahui bentuk dukungan yang dapat diberikan masyarakat Desa Tamanagung terhadap Konsep Sister VillageMetode yang digunakan dalam penelitan ini mix method antara metode kualitatif dan metode kuantitatif. Analisis kuantitatif digunakan untuk menyajikan data penelitian yang berupa angka-angka yang terdapat dalam tabel. Analisis kualitatif digunakan untuk menginterpretasi data secara mendalam kemudian dipaparkan dalam bentuk deskriptifHasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa: 1) Potensi yang dimiliki Desa Tamanagung untuk mendukung Konsep Sister Village terdiri dari potensi fisik dan potensi SDM, 2) Pemahaman masyarakat Desa Tamanagung dalam memahami Konsep Sister Village ini beragam, 3) Mayoritas bentuk dukungan yang dapat diberikan masyarakat Desa Tamanagung adalah tenag

Oral magnesium supplementation improves endothelial function and attenuates subclinical atherosclerosis in thiazide-treated hypertensive women

Background: Epidemiological studies demonstrate an inverse association between serum magnesium and incidence of cardiovascular disease. Diuretics commonly cause hypomagneseamia. Method: We evaluated effects of magnesium supplementation on blood pressure (BP) and vascular function in thiazide-treated hypertensive women in a randomized, double-blind, clinical trial. Hypertensive women (40–65 years) on hydrochlorothiazide and mean 24-h BP at least 130/80 mmHg were divided into placebo and supplementation (magnesium chelate 600 mg/day) groups. Patients were evaluated for nutritional and biochemical parameters, office and ambulatory blood pressure monitoring, brachial flow-mediated dilatation (FMD), peripheral arterial tonometry, assessment of carotid intima–media thickness, central hemodynamic parameters and pulse wave velocity at inclusion and after 6-month follow-up. Results: The magnesium group had a significant reduction in SBP (144 ± 17 vs. 134 ± 14 mmHg, P = 0.036) and DBP (88 ± 9 vs. 81 ± 8 mmHg, P = 0.005) at 6 months, without effect on plasma glucose, lipids, or arterial stiffness parameters. The placebo group showed a significant increase in carotid intima-media thickness (0.78 ± 0.13 vs. 0.89 ± 0.14 mm, P = 0.033) without change in the magnesium group (0.79 ± 0.16 vs. 0.79 ± 0.19 mm, P = 0.716) after 6 months. The magnesium group demonstrated a significant increase in variation of FMD vs. the placebo group (+3.7 ± 2.1 vs. 2.4 ± 1.2%, P = 0.015). There was a significant correlation between the intracellular magnesium variation and FMD (r = 0.44, P = 0.011). Conclusion: Magnesium supplementation was associated with better BP control, improved endothelial function and amelioration of subclinical atherosclerosis in these thiazide-treated hypertensive women

Quantum entanglement of bound particles under free center of mass dispersion

On the basis of the full analytical solution of the overall unitary dynamics, the time evolution of entanglement is studied in a simple bipartite model system evolving unitarily from a pure initial state. The system consists of two particles in one spacial dimension bound by harmonic forces and having its free center of mass initially localized in space in a minimum uncertainty wave packet. The existence of such initial states in which the bound particles are not entangled is pointed out. The entanglement of the two particles is shown to be independent of the wavepacket mean momentum, and to increase monotonically in a time scale distinct from that of the spreading of the center of mass wavepacket.Comment: 17 pages, 5 figure

Expectativas hacia el consumo de alcohol en adultos jóvenes de Bucaramanga, Colombia, 2005

Objective: To settle down in young adults of Bucaramanga if the statistical and conceptual performance of the test AEQIII is similar to the one reached in young adults from Mexico, and to describe the relationship of these expectancies with some variables of the context. Methods: Study of factorial validation and internal consistency. In Bucaramanga, Colombia, 156 young adults, answered 51 items of the alcohol expectancy questionnaire. A model of structural equation was developed to evaluate the goodness of fit of the factorial solution through the reason of verisimilitude Chi-square (X2) and the half quadratic approach error (RMSEA). The global internal consistency and intra expectancies were carried out with the alpha of Cronbach. The scores for the expectancies were calculated with base in additives scales. Results: The value reached for the X2 was 6921, with 1196 grades of freedom, p=0.000. The RMSEA was 0.18. The global internal consistency and for the factors, it was bigger in this sample with regard to the Mexican. Equally, all the scores means was bigger in each factor and the smallest variability (p<0.001). Conclusion: In young adults of Bucaramanga, the internal consistency in the eight expectancies is good. However, the statistical coherence is poor. It is necessary to adapt the questionnaire to Bucaramanga culture and in other age groups, before applying their results. Objetivos: Establecer en adultos jóvenes de Bucaramanga si el desempeño estadístico y conceptual de la prueba «Expectativas positivas hacia el consumo de alcohol -AEQ-III» es similar al alcanzado en adultos jóvenes de México, y describir la relación de estas expectativas con algunas variables del contexto. Métodos: Estudio de validación factorial y consistencia interna. En Bucaramanga 156 adultos jóvenes contestaron 51 ítems del formulario AEQ-III. Se desarrolló una ecuación estructural para evaluar la bondad de ajuste a través de la razón de verosimilitud Chi-cuadrado (X2) y el error de aproximación cuadrático medio (RMSEA). La consistencia interna global e intra expectativas se realizó con el alfa de Cronbach. Los puntajes para las expectativas se calcularon con base en escalas aditivas. Resultados: El valor alcanzado para X2 fue 6921, con 1196 grados de libertad, p=0,000. El RMSEA fue 0.18. La consistencia interna global y para los factores fue mayor en esta muestra con respecto a la mexicana. Igualmente, todos los puntajes medios alcanzados en las ocho expectativas fueron mayores y la variabilidad menor (p<0.000). Conclusión: En adultos jóvenes de Bucaramanga, la consistencia interna en las ocho expectativas es adecuada. Sin embargo, la coherencia estadística del modelo es pobre. En este grupo de edad es necesario adaptar el formato AEQ-III antes de utilizarlo en estudios epidemiológicos

Kreativitas Masyarakat Kota Malang dalam Membentuk Identitas Kota

Identitas suatu kota tidak hanya dibentuk melalui warisan budaya atau peninggalan sejarah. Secara tidak langsung, perilaku masyarakat juga dapat mencerminkan identitas kota mereka, termasuk melihat hubungan masyarakat dengan lingkungan sekitarnya. Lingkungan yang kumuh memberikan image yang negatif bagi suatu kota. Kreativitas masyarakat kota Malang dalam memperbaiki pemukiman kumuh yang ada di kawasan sungai Brantas, ternyata memberikan dampak positif tidak hanya bagi masyarakatnya namun juga bagi kota tersebut. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mengidentifikasi identitas kota Malang yang terbentuk melalui kreativitas masyarakatnya