Eficacia publicitaria y diferencias de sexo en la publicidad gráfica

El presente Trabajo de Fin de Grado tiene como fin, comprobar la recepción y eficacia de mensajes publicitarios a través de diferentes técnicas. Para ello, se llevará a cabo un análisis experimental con anuncios gráficos originales y modificados, con los que se estudiará si existen diferencias entre mujeres y hombres en términos de eficacia publicitaria.Departamento de Historia Moderna, Contemporánea y de América, Periodismo y Comunicación Audiovisual y PublicidadGrado en Publicidad y Relaciones Pública

El reto de publicar una revista de lingüística gallega en Galicia: Estudos de Lingüística Galega [Póster]

Póster presentado na 5ª Conferencia internacional sobre calidad de revistas de ciencias sociales y humanidades (CRECS 2015). Universidad de Murcia, 7-8 de maio de 2015

¿Usamos los dispositivos supraglóticos en rescate de VAD como nos recomiendan las guías?

The indications for the use of supraglottic devices have been extended over time and today they have taken a prominent role in the management of the difficult airway within the different algorithms of scientific societies. This study tries to evaluate if these algorithms are really being put into practice (and therefore the use of these devices as a rescue) in our normal practice everyday. We have a retrospective cohort study of the Danish database on anesthetic acts comprising an extended period from 2008 to 2012 , analyzing 658,104 general anesthesia of adult patients. Special attention is given to patients who presented difficult airway, and the management to ensure oxygenation and airway. After statistical analysis, it is concluded that supraglottic devices are not widely used as rescue devices in patients with difficult airway, despite their relevant role in the management algorithms of this.Las indicaciones para el uso de dispositivos supraglóticos se han ido ampliando con el tiempo y hoy en día han tomado un papel destacado en el manejo de la vía aérea difícil dentro de los diferentes algoritmos de las sociedades científicas. Este estudio trata de evaluar si realmente se están poniendo en practica estos algoritmos(y por tanto el uso de estos dispositivos como rescate) en el día a día médico. Para ello se evalúa un estudio de cohorte retrospectivo de la base de datos danesa, sobre actos anestésicos que comprende un periodo extendido de 2008 a 2012 analizando 658104 anestesias generales de pacientes adultos. Se presta especial atención a los pacientes que presentaron vía aérea difícil, y el manejo que se realiza para asegurar la oxigenación y la vía aérea. Tras análisis estadísticos se concluye que, los dispositivos supragloticos no son ampliamente utilizados como dispositivos de rescate en pacientes con vía aérea difícil, a pesar de su relevante papel en los algoritmos de manejo de esta

Defective liver glycogen autophagy related to hyperinsulinemia in intrauterine growth-restricted newborn wistar rats

Maternal malnutrition plays a critical role in the developmental programming of later metabolic diseases susceptibility in the offspring, such as obesity and type 2 diabetes. Because the liver is the major organ that produces and supplies blood glucose, we aimed at defining the potential role of liver glycogen autophagy in the programming of glucose metabolism disturbances. To this end, newborns were obtained from pregnant Wistar rats fed ad libitum with a standard diet or 65% food-restricted during the last week of gestation. We found that newborns from undernourished mothers showed markedly high basal insulin levels whereas those of glucagon were decreased. This unbalance led to activation of the mTORC1 pathway and inhibition of hepatic autophagy compromising the adequate handling of glycogen in the very early hours of extrauterine life. Restoration of autophagy with rapamycin but not with glucagon, indicated no defect in autophagy machinery per se, but in signals triggered by glucagon. Taken together, these results support the notion that hyperinsulinemia is an important mechanism by which mobilization of liver glycogen by autophagy is defective in food-restricted animals. This early alteration in the hormonal control of liver glycogen autophagy may influence the risk of developing metabolic diseases later in life.This work was supported by MINECO (BFU2016-77931-R), CIBERdem (ISCIII, Spain) and MOIR-2 S2017-BMD-3684 (CAM

Looking twice at the gender equity index for public health impact

Background: It has been shown that gender equity has a positive impact on the everyday activities of people (decision making, income allocation, application and observance of norms/rules) which affect their health. Gender equity is also a crucial determinant of health inequalities at national level; thus, monitoring is important for surveillance of women’s and men’s health as well as for future health policy initiatives. The Gender Equity Index (GEI) was designed to show inequity solely towards women. Given that the value under scrutiny is equity, in this paper a modified version of the GEI is proposed, the MGEI, which highlights the inequities affecting both sexes. Methods: Rather than calculating gender gaps by means of a quotient of proportions, gaps in the MGEI are expressed in absolute terms (differences in proportions). The Spearman’s rank coefficient, calculated from country rankings obtained according to both indexes, was used to evaluate the level of concordance between both classifications. To compare the degree of sensitivity and obtain the inequity by the two methods, the variation coefficient of the GEI and MGEI values was calculated. Results: Country rankings according to GEI and MGEI values showed a high correlation (rank coef. = 0.95). The MGEI presented greater dispersion (43.8%) than the GEI (19.27%). Inequity towards men was identified in the education gap (rank coef. = 0.36) when using the MGEI. According to this method, many countries shared the same absolute value for education but with opposite signs, for example Azerbaijan (−0.022) and Belgium (0.022), reflecting inequity towards women and men, respectively. This also occurred in the empowerment gap with the technical and professional job component (Brunei:-0.120 vs. Australia, Canada Iceland and the U.S.A.: 0.120). Conclusion: The MGEI identifies and highlights the different areas of inequities between gender groups. It thus overcomes the shortcomings of the GEI related to the aim for which this latter was created, namely measuring gender equity, and is therefore of great use to policy makers who wish to understand and monitor the results of specific equity policies and to determine the length of time for which these policies should be maintained in order to correct long-standing structural discrimination against women.This research was funded by the Institute of Women, Spanish Ministry of Health, Social Services and Equality (Ref. 112–09) and has been presented orally in “Health and equity in all policies” (SEE-SESPAS), Madrid, October 6-7th 2011

The Ecofisio Mobile App for Assessment and Diagnosis Using Ultrasound Imaging for Undergraduate Health Science Students: Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial

Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04138511; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04138511We are grateful to Ms Carmen Sainz-Quinn for her assistance with the English language. The authors are also grateful for the collaboration of the students who participated in the study. This study was funded by a grant from the Educational Innovation Unit of the University of Granada, Spain (PID 14-56). This study was conducted thanks to the additional funding from the University of Granada, Plan Propio de Investigación 2016, Excellence actions: Units of Excellence; Unit of Excellence on Exercise and Health (UCEES).Background: Generation Z is starting to reach college age. They have adopted technology from an early age and have a deep dependence on it; therefore, they have become more drawn to the virtual world. M-learning has experienced huge growth in recent years, both in the medical context and in medical and health sciences education. Ultrasound imaging is an important diagnosis technique in physiotherapy, especially in sports pathology. M-learning systems could be useful tools for improving the comprehension of ultrasound concepts and the acquisition of professional competencies. Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and use of an interactive platform accessible through mobile devices—Ecofisio—using ultrasound imaging for the development of professional competencies in the evaluation and diagnosis of sports pathologies. Methods: Participants included 110 undergraduate students who were placed into one of two groups of a randomized controlled multicenter study: control group (ie, traditional learning) and experimental group (ie, Ecofisio mobile app). Participants’ theoretical knowledge was assessed using a multiple-choice questionnaire (MCQ); students were also assessed by means of the Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE). Moreover, a satisfaction survey was completed by the students. Results: The statistical analyses revealed that Ecofisio was effective in most of the processes evaluated when compared with the traditional learning method: all OSCE stations, P<.001; MCQ, 43 versus 15 students passed in the Ecofisio and control groups, respectively, P<.001. Moreover, the results revealed that the students found the app to be attractive and useful. Conclusions: The Ecofisio mobile app may be an effective way for physiotherapy students to obtain adequate professional competencies regarding evaluation and diagnosis of sports pathologies.This study was funded by a grant from the Educational Innovation Unit of the University of Granada, Spain (PID 14-56

Fetal pancreatic b-cell growth and insulin-like growth factors relationship in undernourished rats

Resumen del trabajo presentado al 38th EASD Annual Meeting of the European Association for the Study of Diabetes, celebrado en Budapest (Humgria) del 1 al 5 de septiembre de 2002.[Background and Aims] We have previously shown that Wistar fetuses from protein- caloric undernourished pregnant rats (U) at 21 days post coitum (dpc) exhibit increased β cell-mass. This alteration is correlated with increased insulinemia and total pancreatic insulin content, a pattern reminiscent to that reported in infants of mild diabetic mothers. Both Insulinlike Growth Factor (IGF)-I and -2 are essential players for growth and development during the fetal period. The aim of the present study was to investigate in the U fetuses at 21 dpc: 1) serum IGFs levels, 2) IGFs gene expression in the liver and pancreas, and 3) in vitro mitogenic effect of IGFs in isolated fetal islets using BrdU labelling index (LI). All values were compared to those in Wi star control fetuses (C). [Methods] Serum concentrations of IGF-I and IGF-2 were measured by radioimmuno assay and radioreceptor assay respectively. RNase protection assay was performed using RNA from pancreas and liver to evaluate IGFs or IGFBPs gene expression in both tissues. [Results] Similar serum IGF-I and-2levels were observed in U and C. IGF-I and IGF-2 mRNAs were detected in liver and pancreas of both C and U fetuses. Despite being decreased in the liver, IGF-l mRNA level was increased in U pancreases as compared to C. Concerning IGF-2 gene expression it was diminished in U pancreas while being normal in the liver as compared to C. No difference in IGFBP-I, -2 and -3 mRNA levels was detected in U liver when compared to C. However, gene expression of IGFBP-2 was increased and that of IGFBP-3 was decreased in U pancreases. Finally, the in vitro study showed a normal BrdU LI in U isolated fetal islets under basal conditions while it was found significantly increased twice in response to both IGF-I and IGF-2 (lOOng/ml) as compared to fetal C islets. [Conclusion] Our data suggest that in U fetuses at 21 dpc: I) the increased β-cell mass can be related to the stimulation of replicative β-cell response due to locally increased IGF-I in the pancreas 2) such IGF-I action is perhaps favored by an enhanced IGFBP-2 gene expression in pancreas, and 3) at variance with previous reports in several models of decreased intrapancreatic IGF-2 expression in fetuses, the low IGF-2 mRNA level as it is observed in the present U model does not correlate with a decreased β-cell growth.Peer Reviewe

Resumen ejecutivo de la Declaración de consenso del Grupo de Estudio de la Infección en el Trasplante (GESITRA) de la Sociedad Española de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología Clínica (SEIMC) y la Organización Nacional de Trasplantes (ONT) sobre los criterios de selección de donantes de órganos sólidos en relación con las enfermedades infecciosas

The immunosuppressive treatment that recipients receive from a solid organ transplantation hinders the defensive response to infection. Its transmission from the donor can cause dysfunction or loss of the graft and even death of the recipient if proper preventive measures are not established. This potential risk should be thoroughly evaluated to minimise the risk of infection transmission from donor to recipient, especially with organ transplantation from donors with infections, without increasing graft dysfunction and morbidity and mortality in the recipient. This document aims to review current knowledge about infection screening in potential donors and offer clinical and microbiological recommendations about the use of organs from donors with infection based on available scientific evidence.This work was supported by GESITRA/SEIMC, ONT and‘Plan Nacional de I+D+I’ and Instituto de Salud Carlos III(Fondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias 12/02269 and ProyectoIntegrado de Excelencia 13/00045), Subdirección General de Redesy Centros de Investigacion Cooperativa, Spanish Ministry of Econ-omy and Competitiveness, Spanish Network for Research inInfectious Diseases (REIPI RD16/0016), co-financed by the Euro-pean Development Regional Fund A way to achieve Europe

Differences in the clinical management of women and men after detection of a solitary pulmonary nodule in clinical practice

Objectives To explore differences in the clinical management of men and women in the 5 years after detecting a solitary pulmonary nodule (SPN) by chest radiograph or CT in routine clinical practice. Methods We followed up 545 men and 347 women with an SPN detected by chest radiograph or CT in a retrospective cohort of 25,422 individuals undergoing routine thoracic imaging in 2010–2011.We compared the frequency of each management strategy (no further test, immediate intervention or follow up) according to sex by means of chi-squared.We estimated the relative risk of women versus men of having been followed up instead of an immediate intervention using multivariate logistic regression. We compared by sex the time between detection of the nodule and lung cancer diagnosis, the time between diagnosis and death by means of Mann-Whitney U test and the cumulative effective dose of radiation in each management strategy by means of t test. Results Women were more likely than men to have follow-up rather than immediate intervention (aRR = 1.8, CI 1.3–2.7, p = 0.002), particularly in those who underwent CT (aRR = 4.2, CI 1.9–9.3, p < 0.001). The median time between SPN detection and lung cancer diagnosis was higher in women (4.2 months, interquartile range (IQR) 5.1) than in men (1.5 months, IQR 16.2). The mean cumulative effective dose was 21.3 mSv, 19.4 mSv in men and 23.9mv in women (p = 0.023). Conclusions Our results could reflect decisions based on a greater suspicion of lung cancer in men. The incidental detection of SPNs is increasing, and it is necessary to establish clear strategies aimed to reduce variability in their management according to patient’s sex

Papel del péptido insulinotrópico dependiente de glucosa en la programación nutricional del síndrome metabólico

Early nutritional restriction has been associated with increased incidence of metabolic syndrome-associated pathologies in adulthood. However, the underlying mechanisms that determine the development of these diseases are not yet fully known. In the present work, we explored the relevance of glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) in the development of these pathologies in a model of Wistar rats. Two groups of dams were fed ad libitum (C) or food-restricted (U) during pregnancy and suckling. At that time, rats were refed a high-fat diet (HFD; CHF and UHF) for 22 weeks. Both male and female UHF rats showed an obese phenotype characterized by hyperphagia, visceral fat accumulation and adipocyte hypertrophy, which was more pronounced than in CHF rats. Oral glucose tolerance tests showed that female UHF rats experienced glucose intolerance, insulin hypersecretion and an exacerbated GIP secretion. Administration of the GIP receptor antagonist, (Pro3)GIP, to UHF female rats markedly reduced visceral fat mass and adipocyte hypertrophy, and these changes were accompanied by improvement of glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity. In conclusion, the exacerbated production and secretion of GIP seems to represent the stimulus for insulin hypersecretion and insulin resistance shown by UHF female rats, suggesting that GIP may play a critical role in the development of metabolic disturbances related to nutritional rehabilitation.La restricción nutricional precoz ha sido asociada con una mayor incidencia de patologías relacionadas con el síndrome metabólico durante la edad adulta. Sin embargo, los mecanismos subyacentes que determinan el desarrollo de dichas patologías aún no se conocen en su totalidad. En el presente trabajo, se analizó el papel del péptido insulinotrópico dependiente de glucosa (GIP) en el desarrollo dichas patologías en un modelo de rata Wistar. Las ratas gestantes fueron alimentadas ad libitum (C) o sometidas a restricción nutricional (S) durante el embarazo y la lactancia, al final de la cual las crías fueron realimentadas con dieta grasa (CR, SR) durante 22 semanas. Tanto los machos como las hembras SR mostraron un fenotipo obesogénico caracterizado por hiperfagia, acumulación de grasa visceral e hipertrofia adipocitaria, de manera más pronunciada que la población CR. Los test de tolerancia oral a la glucosa mostraron que las hembras SR experimentaron intolerancia a la glucosa e hipersecreción de insulina y GIP. La administración del antagonista del receptor de GIP, (Pro3)GIP, a las hembras SR dio lugar a una significativa reducción del tejido adiposo y del tamaño adipocitario, junto a una mejora de la tolerancia a la glucosa y de la sensibilidad a la insulina. En conclusión, la exacerbada secreción de GIP parece representar el estímulo para la hipersecreción de insulina y el desarrollo de resistencia a la misma en las hembras SR, lo que sugiere que GIP jugaría un papel esencial en el desarrollo de alteraciones metabólicas asociadas a la rehabilitación nutricional