Uso de la robótica y la tecnología en la rehabilitación de la marcha en niños con parálisis cerebral infantil

Introducción. La parálisis cerebral infantil (PCI) se define como un grupo de trastornos del movimiento y de la postura debido a una lesión sobre un cerebro en desarrollo. Es la principal causa de discapacidad infantil, cuya prevalencia es de 2 niños por cada 1000 nacidos vivos, lo que supone que en España cada año aparezcan 1500 nuevos casos. El 75 % de los niños con PCI desarrollan el tipo espástico. Justificación y objetivos. Realizar una búsqueda bibliográfica que permita analizar los últimos estudios e identificar los principales sistemas robóticos, pudiendo así determinar si aportan beneficios en la rehabilitación de la marcha de los niños con PCI. Material y métodos. Se ha realizado una revisión narrativa en las bases de datos Medline, PEDro, Google Académico y Dialnet. Se ha desarrollado una búsqueda durante los meses de febrero a mayo de 2019, cuya estrategia de búsqueda incluía diferentes términos Mesh, como “cerebral palsy”, “robotics”, “gait”,”technology” y “therapy”.Tras cumplir una serie de criterios de inclusión y exclusión, se seleccionaron un total de 10 artículos para la realización de este trabajo. Resultados y discusión. Durante las últimas décadas se han diseñado diferentes sistemas robóticos para la rehabilitación de los pacientes con enfermedades neurológicas. En pediatría está siendo una novedad y se está comenzando a estudiar en la actualidad. El principal beneficio que presentan estos sistemas es que promueven la neuroplasticidad a través de un aprendizaje mediante repeticiones continuadas. Pese a las limitaciones encontradas en los estudios se puede establecer que el tratamiento mediante órtesis robóticas mejora la velocidad de la marcha, la distancia caminada, el control motor y postural y la movilidad de los pacientes con PCI. Los estudios apenas comparan los resultados con fisioterapia convencional. Conclusiones. Se necesita un mayor número de estudios, con muestras de población más grandes y una estandarización del protocolo respecto al número de sesiones con las órtesis activas, el tiempo de tratamiento y grupos más homogéneos.Grado en Fisioterapi

Proyecto de intervención Invernadero de Exhibición (Real Jardín Botánico Madrid) : análisis y modificación de los materiales del edificio para la mejora de su ciclo de vida

La intervención consistirá en una sustitución parcial o total de los materiales preexistentes con el objetivo de poder reducir en lo posible el consumo energético y la huella de CO2 producidas por el edificio debido a estos materiales, a su procesamiento, a su transporte y su fin de vid

Waste-based materials in residential house construction

Waste from the construction sector has been increasing considerably in recent years, making it urgent to find alternatives to this waste that will enable us to preserve the environment and ecosystems. Many studies demonstrate the viability of using this and other waste in the construction sector, such as wood, ashes, and plastics. This article presents a review of research works where residual materials have been applied in the construction sector. To achieve this objective, a total of 35 articles were reviewed, published in English-speaking journals between 2015 and 2023. This review shows that, although in recent years efforts have been made for the application of waste materials in the construction sector has been significant, however, there is still work to be done in the study of the behavior of these residual materials, such as the emission of greenhouse gases, as well as the importance of residual materials pretreatment to ensure compatibility with the rest of the components. Another important aspect is that most studies consider environmental aspects without taking into account social and economic issues surrounding them in the construction sector

Protective effects of exercise on cardiotoxicity induced by breast cancer treatments: A systematic review and meta-analysis

[EN] Objective Currently, one of the main causes of death in women with breast cancer is cardiovascular disease caused by the oncologic therapies. Exercise has demonstrated positive effects on cardiovascular fitness in individuals without cancer. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the cardioprotective effects of exercise in women with breast cancer, during and after the application of their treatments. Methods Systematic search was done in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, CINAHL, MEDLINE, SPORTDiscus, and PEDro. The articles must have been published in the last ten years; the intervention to be evaluated was to consist of an exercise program; the sample had to comprise women who were undergoing breast cancer treatment or who had completed it at the time of the intervention; and the outcome variables had to include at least one parameter for the assessment of cardiac function and/or structure. Results Of the 28 articles identified, nine reported non-randomized controlled studies, 16 randomized clinical trials and three quasi-experimental studies. The effects of exercise on left ventricular ejection fraction, global longitudinal strain and the E/A waveforms ratio were not significant. However, its effect on VO2max was significant. Conclusions Exercise does not seem to be effective in avoiding the cardiotoxic effects of oncological treatment for breast cancer. Although exercise seems to mitigate the symptomatology, reflected in improved functional capacity, more long-term studies are needed.S

Role of Eu2+ and Dy3+ Concentration in the Persistent Luminescence of Sr2MgSi2O7 Glass-Ceramics

In this study, glass-ceramics based on Sr2MgSi2O7 phosphor co-doped with Eu/Dy were obtained from the sintering and crystallisation of glass powders. The glasses were melted in a gas furnace to simulate an industrial process, and the dopant concentration was varied to optimise the luminescence persistence times. The doped parent glasses showed red emission under UV light excitation due to the doping of Eu3+ ions, while the corresponding glass-ceramics showed persistent blue emission corresponding to the presence of Eu2+ in the crystalline environment. The dopant concentration had a strong impact on the sintering/crystallisation kinetics affecting the final glass-ceramic microstructure. The microstructures and morphology of the crystals responsible for the blue emission were observed by scanning electron microscopy–cathodoluminescence. The composition of the crystallised phases and the distribution of rare-earth (RE) ions in the crystals and in the residual glassy phase were determined by X-ray diffraction and energy dispersive X-ray analysis. The emission and persistence of phosphorescence were studied by photoluminescence.This research was funded by MICINN under projects PID2020-115419GB-C-21/C-22/AEI/ 10.13039/501100011033 and PID2019-107439GB-I00 and by the project PIE-CSIC 201960E016. And The APC was funded by PID2020-115419GB-C-21/C-22/AEI/ 10.13039/501100011033

Supported Bifunctional Chiral Thioureas as Catalysts in the Synthesis of 3‐Amino‐2‐Oxindoles through Enantioselective aza‐Friedel‐Crafts Reaction: Application in Continuous Flow Processes

Producción CientíficaSupported cinchone‐derived thioureas promote highly enantioselective aza‐Friedel‐Crafts reaction of different naphthols with a variety of N‐Boc ketimines derived from isatin. The catalysts are recoverable and reusable, and one of the supported catalysts has been used in a flow process allowing the synthesis of 3‐amino‐2‐oxindole derivatives in multigram scale with high yield and enantioselectivity.Junta de Castilla y León (programa de apoyo a proyectos de investigación - Ref. VA115P17)Junta de Castilla y León (programa de apoyo a proyectos de investigación - Ref. VA149G18

Structure and luminescent properties of Sm/Dy-doped Sr2MgSi2O7 glass-ceramics

Sm3+-doped and Sm3+/Dy3+ codoped SiO2–SrO–MgO glasses were prepared by conventional melt quenching and Sr2MgSi2O7 based glass–ceramics from sintering and crystallization of the glass powders. The thermal, structural, and optical properties of the glasses and glass–ceramics were investigated as a function of the dopant concentration. The optical characterization includes the photoluminescence spectra and the lifetimes of the 4G5/2 (Sm3+) and 4F9/2 (Dy3+) excited states. In Sm3+ single-doped samples, the emission intensity increases up to a concentration of 0.3 mol% Sm3+ ions and then decreases due to nonradiative energy transfer processes. The emission spectra in the glass–ceramics show a more resolved structure and higher intensity compared to the glass samples, suggesting a different and crystalline environment for the Sm3+ ions. The non-radiative processes also influence the experimental decays of the glass samples which deviate from a single exponential with lifetimes decreasing as Sm3+ concentration increases. The emission and excitation spectra of the codoped samples do not show significant energy transfer between Sm3+ and Dy3+ ions. Different emitting colors can be obtained in the codoped glasses by changing the excitation wavelength. The studied glass–ceramics could be applied as enamels on ceramic or metallic substrates.Funding from MICINN under projects PID2020-115419GB-C-21/C-22/AEI/ 10.13039/501100011033, PID2019-107439GB-I00 and PIE-CSIC 201960E016 is acknowledged

Privacy and security by design

Trabajo de Fin de Grado en Ingeniería del Software (Universidad Complutense, Facultad de Informática, curso 2016/2017)Este proyecto aborda el diseño de una metodología para la realización de la evaluación de impacto a la protección de datos, que partiendo de la guía elaborada por la Agencia Española de Protección de datos a tal efecto, incorpora como requisitos de seguridad de los datos, aquellos obtenidos a partir de un análisis de riesgos realizado en base a las normas ISO 27001 (1) e ISO 27002 (2). El proyecto implementa una solución para la parte de seguridad que ya contempla el enfoque a riesgos que propone el nuevo Reglamento Europeo de Protección de datos (R 679/2016) cuya entrada en vigor será en mayo de 2018 (3). El proyecto presenta un modelo conceptual que recoge los requisitos funcionales de la solución, estructurada en fases y que cuenta con roles relacionados entre sí en un diagrama de flujo. Además, como ejemplo de implementación de la solución propuesta, se ha desarrollado una herramienta web para ayudar, tanto a empresas como a administraciones, a completar el informe de evaluación de impacto a la protección de datos, que contiene las fases de la metodología junto con la identificación de riesgos y el tratamiento de los mismos.This project is about the design of a methodology for the accomplishment of the Privacy Impact Assessment (PIA) (4), which, based on the guide developed by the Spanish Agency for Data Protection, incorporates as data security requirements those obtained from a risk analysis carried out on the basis of ISO 27001 (1) and ISO 27002 (2) standards. This project implements a solution for the security part that already contemplates the risk approach proposed by the new European Data Protection Regulation (R 679 2016) which will come into force in May 2018 (3). The project presents a conceptual model that includes the functional requirements of the solution, structured in phases and with roles related in a flow diagram. In addition, as an example of the proposed solution implementation, a web tool has been developed to help, companies and public administrations, to complete the Privacy Impact Assessment report, which contains the phases of the methodology as well as the risks identification and treatment.Depto. de Arquitectura de Computadores y AutomáticaFac. de InformáticaTRUEunpu

Systematic review of potential causes of intraocular lens opacification

Intraocular lens (IOL) opacification is an infrequent complication of cataract surgery. Surface analysis has demonstrated that the opacification of IOLs is related to calcium or phosphate precipitation on or within the lenses, but the associated mechanisms are unknown, and the scientific literature is heterogeneous and limited to case series and retrospective studies. The purpose of this systematic review was to analyse the most frequent conditions associated with opacification of IOLs reported by studies. A search was carried out using the PubMed MEDLINE, Web of Science and Scopus databases. The quality of the studies selected was evaluated using the Pierson tool. The search provided a total of 811 articles, of which 39 were selected following the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The most common opacified lenses were hydrophilic IOLs according to our analysis. The mean time of appearance of lens opacification was 14.93 ± 17.82 months. The most frequent conditions associated with opacification of the IOLs were Descemet Stripping with Automated Endothelial Keratoplasty (DSAEK/DSEK) and diabetes mellitus (DM), followed by pars plana vitrectomy (PPV), blood hypertension (HT), and glaucoma. Concerning the quality analysis, the mean score was 7.00 ± 1.43 (scoring range from 0 to 10), indicating an acceptable quality of the case reports and retrospective studies. In conclusion, DSAEK/DSEK, DM, PPV, glaucoma and hypertension are conditions with potential risk of IOL opacification after cataract surgery, especially when implanting hydrophilic acrylic IOLs.Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness of Spain, Grant/Award Number: RYC‐2016‐20471