L’imaginaire en paroles-musique: interprétations phonologiques et diversité

Dans les réseaux virtuels, les internautes mettent en images, transcrivent et diffusent des paroles d’auteur. À l’époque de la polémique sur les droits d’auteur, la langue réclame son but premier de communication. En nous appuyant sur des études sémiologiques, la linguistique génétique et une approche phonologique de l’énonciation, nous récupérons pour la didactique les vidéos des chansons en libre circulation sur Youtube. Dans une perspective de classe inversée, certaines vidéos redéfinissent la syntaxe en interprétant librement les paroles. Le lexique, libéré du métalangage, retrouve ainsi sa valeur iconique primaire. Le plurilinguisme s’accommode bien de l’espace numérique et bouleverse le rapport enseignant/apprenant. L’étude des périodes prosodiques des chansons mises en image sur les medias par divers créateurs suggère une méthodologie pour l’acquisition de la syllabation des langues étrangères dans un but didactique ou traductologique

Médiation et autocorrection des interférences phonologiques : cas d’étudiants en langue-culture française en Espagne

Ce travail présente une expérience de correction d’expression écrite fondée sur un modèle de fiche conçu sur une segmentation phonologique des énoncés. La mobilité professionnelle, les programmes inter-universitaires et les MOOCs suggèrent une réflexion sur le rôle de l’évaluation et de l’évaluateur, surtout en contexte universitaire ou professionnel. L’analyse d’un corpus écrit d’étudiants universitaires de français langue étrangère montre l’influence grandissante des formes d’expression médiatique dans la production des écrits. La variété des atypies constatées invite à faire intervenir l’apprenant dans l’évaluation pour remédier aux difficultés d’expression. Les interférences entre la/les langues dominantes et la langue cible, peuvent être détectées et corrigées à l’aide de fiches ayant pour objectif de rendre évidente l’importance des récurrences phonologiques dans l’acquisition de structures syntaxiques. Le métalangage de la grammaire est alors plus universel car basé sur des processus de syllabation communs à toute mise en verbe

Contextes de liaison et fle: productivité des positions /ʔ/, /t/, /n/ et /z/

Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Filología, Departamento de Filología Francesa, leída el 30/04/2013Depto. de Estudios Románicos, Franceses, Italianos y TraducciónFac. de FilologíaTRUEunpu

HIV coinfection predicts failure of ledipasvir/sofosbuvir in treatment-naïve noncirrhotic patients with HCV genotype

The efficacy of licensed direct-acting antiviral (DAA) regimens is assumed to be the same for hepatitis C virus (HCV)–monoinfected patients (HCV-Mono) and HIV/HCV-coinfected patients (HCV-Co). However, the high sustained viral response (SVR) rates of DAA regimens and the small number of HIV-infected patients included in registration trials have made it difficult to identify predictors of treatment failure, including the presence of HIV. Methods. We compared treatment outcomes for ledipasvir/sofosbuvir (LDV/SOF) against HCV G1 in treatment-naïve HCV-Mono and HCV-Co without cirrhosis in a prospective registry of individuals receiving DAAs for HCV. Results. Up to September 2017, a total of 17 269 patients were registered, and 1358 patients (1055 HCV-Mono/303 HCV-Co) met the inclusion criteria. Significant differences between HCV-Mono and HCV-Co were observed for age, gender, and G1 subtype distribution. Among HCV-Co, 99.0% were receiving antiretroviral therapy. SVR rates for LDV/SOF at 8 weeks did not differ significantly between HCV-Mono and HCV-Co (96.9% vs 94.0%; P = .199). However, the SVR rate for LDV/SOF at 12 weeks was significantly higher for HCV-Mono than HCV-Co (97.2% vs 91.8%; P = .001). A multivariable logistic regression model including age, sex, liver stiffness, G1 subtype, HCV-RNA, HIV, and treatment duration showed the factors associated with treatment failure to be male sex (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 2.49; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.27–4.91; P = .008) and HIV infection (aOR, 2.23; 95% CI, 1.13–4.38; P = .020). Conclusions. The results of this large prospective study analyzing outcomes for LDV/SOF against HCV G1 in treatment-naïve noncirrhotic patients suggest that HIV infection is a predictor of treatment failure in patients with chronic hepatitis C.This work was supported by the Spanish AIDS Research Network (RD16/0025/0017), which is included in the Spanish I+D+I Plan and is co-financed by ISCIII-Subdirección General de Evaluacion and European Funding for Regional Development (FEDER), and the Fondo de Investigación de Sanidad en España (FIS)/Instituto de Salud Carlos III (Spanish Health Research Funds; PI17/00657)

Meeting Point: methods and spaces for the flipped classroom

Desarrollo de programas formativos centrados en los estudiantes gracias a la mejora de la calidad de los recursos materiales y del personal docente e investigador.Vicerrectorado de CalidadFac. de FilologíaFALSEsubmitte

Profundización en metodologías y espacios docentes innovadores

Fac. de FilologíaFALSEsubmitte

Treatment with tocilizumab or corticosteroids for COVID-19 patients with hyperinflammatory state: a multicentre cohort study (SAM-COVID-19)

Objectives: The objective of this study was to estimate the association between tocilizumab or corticosteroids and the risk of intubation or death in patients with coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) with a hyperinflammatory state according to clinical and laboratory parameters. Methods: A cohort study was performed in 60 Spanish hospitals including 778 patients with COVID-19 and clinical and laboratory data indicative of a hyperinflammatory state. Treatment was mainly with tocilizumab, an intermediate-high dose of corticosteroids (IHDC), a pulse dose of corticosteroids (PDC), combination therapy, or no treatment. Primary outcome was intubation or death; follow-up was 21 days. Propensity score-adjusted estimations using Cox regression (logistic regression if needed) were calculated. Propensity scores were used as confounders, matching variables and for the inverse probability of treatment weights (IPTWs). Results: In all, 88, 117, 78 and 151 patients treated with tocilizumab, IHDC, PDC, and combination therapy, respectively, were compared with 344 untreated patients. The primary endpoint occurred in 10 (11.4%), 27 (23.1%), 12 (15.4%), 40 (25.6%) and 69 (21.1%), respectively. The IPTW-based hazard ratios (odds ratio for combination therapy) for the primary endpoint were 0.32 (95%CI 0.22-0.47; p < 0.001) for tocilizumab, 0.82 (0.71-1.30; p 0.82) for IHDC, 0.61 (0.43-0.86; p 0.006) for PDC, and 1.17 (0.86-1.58; p 0.30) for combination therapy. Other applications of the propensity score provided similar results, but were not significant for PDC. Tocilizumab was also associated with lower hazard of death alone in IPTW analysis (0.07; 0.02-0.17; p < 0.001). Conclusions: Tocilizumab might be useful in COVID-19 patients with a hyperinflammatory state and should be prioritized for randomized trials in this situatio

Clonal chromosomal mosaicism and loss of chromosome Y in elderly men increase vulnerability for SARS-CoV-2

The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19) had an estimated overall case fatality ratio of 1.38% (pre-vaccination), being 53% higher in males and increasing exponentially with age. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, we found 133 cases (1.42%) with detectable clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations (mCA) and 226 males (5.08%) with acquired loss of chromosome Y (LOY). Individuals with clonal mosaic events (mCA and/or LOY) showed a 54% increase in the risk of COVID-19 lethality. LOY is associated with transcriptomic biomarkers of immune dysfunction, pro-coagulation activity and cardiovascular risk. Interferon-induced genes involved in the initial immune response to SARS-CoV-2 are also down-regulated in LOY. Thus, mCA and LOY underlie at least part of the sex-biased severity and mortality of COVID-19 in aging patients. Given its potential therapeutic and prognostic relevance, evaluation of clonal mosaicism should be implemented as biomarker of COVID-19 severity in elderly people. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, individuals with clonal mosaic events (clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations and/or loss of chromosome Y) showed an increased risk of COVID-19 lethality