Factores pronósticos y mortalidad de la infección por SARS-CoV-2

La infección por Sars-CoV-2 ha causado más de 318,6 millones de casos y 5,5 millones de fallecidos a nivel mundial. En este estudio se analizan diferentes variables médicas y analíticas con el objetivo de identificar factores de mal pronóstico y mortalidad asociados a la infección por SARS-CoV-2, además de la búsqueda de un perfil clínico, en los pacientes que ingresan en la Unidad COVID del Hospital Universitario de Canarias entre septiembre y diciembre del 2020. Para la recogida de datos se ha utilizado el registro basal del Servicio de Infecciones del HUC a través del acceso a historias clínicas en el programa informático SAP, y se analizaron con el programa SPSS. Se analizaron 417 pacientes que ingresaron entre el 01/09/2020 y el 31/12/2020. Se describe un análisis detallado de los datos recogidos cuyos resultados muestran que, de los 417 pacientes, con predominio de varones, las mujeres eran de mayor edad (67±18 vs 71±18 años, t=2,29; p=0,022). Un total de 57 pacientes (13,7%) fallecieron en el ingreso, sin diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre ambos sexos. Se encontró una asociación entre un aumento de la mortalidad y los siguientes factores: pacientes con edad superior a los 73 años, enfermedad cardiovascular, diabetes mellitus, síndrome metabólico, deterioro cognitivo, pacientes institucionalizados, sintomáticos con presencia de disnea y neumonía. En definitiva, se ha comprobado la relación entre la mortalidad y las variables descritas. Con esto, se ha podido describir claros factores de mal pronóstico y a su vez, se han descartado aquellos sin hallazgos significativos.Sars-CoV-2 infection has caused more than 318.6 million cases and 5.5 million deaths worldwide. This study examines different medical and analytical variables with the aim of identifying factors of poor prognosis and mortality associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection, in addition to the search for a clinical profile, in patients admitted to the COVID Unit of the Hospital Universitario de Canarias (HUC) between September and December 2020. For data collection, the baseline registry of the HUC Infectious Diseases Service was used by accessing the clinical records in the SAP computer program. These analyses were performed with SPSS®-IBM software (25.0). A total of 417 patients were included, admitted between 09/01/2020 and 12/31/2020 were observed. A detailed analysis of the obtained data is provided, the results of which show that of the 417 patients, with a predominance of men, women were older (67±18 vs 71±18 years, t=2.29; p=0.022). A total of 57 patients (13.7%) died during on admission, with no statistically significant differences between genders. An association was found between increased mortality and the following factors: patients above average age, cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome, cognitive impairment, institutionalized patients, symptomatic patients with dyspnea and pneumonia. In conclusion, the relationship between mortality and the many variables described has been confirmed. With this, it has been possible to describe clear factors of poor prognosis and, in turn, those without significant findings have been ruled out

Vulnerability and environmental risk in the Sierra Otomí Tepehua (Hidalgo, México)

Extreme geomorphological and hydrometeorological events cause landslides (gravitational processes) in vulnerable and marginalized communities, where the risk and effects of a natural disaster reduce responsiveness to environmental adversities. In the state of Hidalgo (Mexico) exists dangers as slope instability and processes of massive removal of soil, but in some municipalities of the Sierra Otomí-Tepehua (SOT) does not exist a municipal instrument that provides information on high-risk localities. This study evaluated landslide risk in 220 localities located in three municipalities of the Sierra Otomí-Tepehua region (SOT) using information from the 2020 national census. A geospatial analysis was built in localities with landslide risk, further social vulnerability was evaluated in 33 localities located on hillsides, and the Social Vulnerability Index of Housing (IVSV) was determined. 109 localities with a high and very high level of social vulnerability were identified due to the physical condition of the dwellings located in areas with landslide risk. Finally, risk map of landslides was developed through multi-criteria analysis to focus on mitigate and prevent disasters in the most vulnerable localities of the SOT

Sistema para la gestión de información de embarazadas en el Policlínico “Ramón Heredia” de Veguita (Original)

In the "Ramón Heredia" Polyclinic of the Veguita locality, in the Yara municipality, the information corresponding to the pregnant women of the neighborhoods is managed. For each of them, the result of the care provided by the different specialists and the risk indexes they present is recorded per quarter. Consultations are also planned taking into account the risks and the number of accumulated weeks. On a monthly basis, qualified personnel must give a generalized report on registered pregnant women, as well as offer information to specialists when they require it. The reports that are provided see their reliability limited. Faced with these needs, the present research aims to develop a web application to favor the information management of pregnant women. With its use, the control and processing of information is facilitated quickly and safely, with greater consistency, which raises the level of efficiency from the organizational, control and analysis point of view. For its implementation, the XP software development methodology is used, such as PHP 5.5.11, HTML 5, CCS3, JavaScript programming languages; as Apache 2.0 web server, MySQL 5.20 as database manager and Yii 1.9 as development framework.En el Policlínico “Ramón Heredia” de la localidad Veguita, en el municipio Yara, se gestiona la información correspondiente a las embarazadas de los repartos de la cercanía. De cada una de ellas se registra por trimestre el resultado de la atención brindada por los diferentes especialistas y los índices de riesgos que presentan. También se planifican las consultas atendiendo los riesgos y la cantidad de semanas acumuladas. Mensualmente el personal calificado debe dar un reporte generalizado sobre las embarazadas registradas, así como ofrecer información a los especialistas cuando lo requieran. Los informes que se brindan ven su confiabilidad limitada. Ante estas necesidades, la presente investigación tiene como objetivo desarrollar una aplicación web para favorecer la gestión de información de las embarazadas. Con su empleo se facilita el control y procesamiento de la información de forma rápida y segura, con mayor consistencia, lo que eleva el nivel de eficiencia desde el punto de vista organizativo, de control y análisis. Para su implementación se emplea la metodología de desarrollo de software XP, como lenguajes de programación PHP 5.5.11, HTML 5, CCS3, JavaScript; como servidor web Apache 2.0, MySQL 5.20 como gestor de base de datos y Yii 1.9 como framework de desarrollo

Hormigas (hymenoptera: formicidae) asociadas a palma camedor (Chamedorea radicalis Mart.) en el bosque tropical, Gómez Farías, Tamaulipas, México

La diversidad de hormigas asociadas al cultivo de la palmillao palma camedor Chamaedorea radicalis Mart., bajo un sistemaagroforestal, ha sido estudiado en el bosque tropical de la Reservade la Biosfera El Cielo (RBEC). Se colectaron en las frondas mediante red entomológica de golpeo, las siguientes especies en dos épocas estacionales: Odontomachus laticeps, Crematogaster cerasi, Camponotus atriceps, Temnothorax texanus, Tapinoma sp., y Pheidole arctos en época lluviosa. Wasmannia auropuntata, Camponotus atriceps, Monomorium floricola, Pheidole arctos y Solenopsis geminata en época seca. Se comparan las especies reportadas por otros autores en la RBEC. En conjunto los géneros encontrados son colonizadores de agroecosistemas, con hábitos forrajeadores, cazadoras, recolectoras de néctar, semillas y restos de animales muertos. El conocimiento de los organismos asociados a la palma camedor y su ambiente, permitirá establecer un manejo integrado de plagas para la sustentabilidad de este importante biorrecurso

Rapid evolutionary change of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L) plastome, and the genomic diversification of legume chloroplasts

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Fabaceae (legumes) is one of the largest families of flowering plants, and some members are important crops. In contrast to what we know about their great diversity or economic importance, our knowledge at the genomic level of chloroplast genomes (cpDNAs or plastomes) for these crops is limited.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>We sequenced the complete genome of the common bean (<it>Phaseolus vulgari</it>s cv. Negro Jamapa) chloroplast. The plastome of <it>P. vulgaris </it>is a 150,285 bp circular molecule. It has gene content similar to that of other legume plastomes, but contains two pseudogenes, <it>rpl</it>33 and <it>rps</it>16. A distinct inversion occurred at the junction points of <it>trn</it>H-GUG/<it>rpl</it>14 and <it>rps</it>19/<it>rps</it>8, as in adzuki bean <abbrgrp><abbr bid="B1">1</abbr></abbrgrp>. These two pseudogenes and the inversion were confirmed in 10 varieties representing the two domestication centers of the bean. Genomic comparative analysis indicated that inversions generally occur in legume plastomes and the magnitude and localization of insertions/deletions (indels) also vary. The analysis of repeat sequences demonstrated that patterns and sequences of tandem repeats had an important impact on sequence diversification between legume plastomes and tandem repeats did not belong to dispersed repeats. Interestingly, <it>P. vulgaris </it>plastome had higher evolutionary rates of change on both genomic and gene levels than <it>G. max</it>, which could be the consequence of pressure from both mutation and natural selection.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Legume chloroplast genomes are widely diversified in gene content, gene order, indel structure, abundance and localization of repetitive sequences, intracellular sequence exchange and evolutionary rates. The <it>P. vulgaris </it>plastome is a rapidly evolving genome.</p

Using the emotional functioning in clinical practice to detect psychological distress in patients with advanced thoracic and colorectal cancer

Purpose: Patients with advanced cancer suffer significant decline of their psychological state. A rapid and reliable evaluation of this state is essential to detect and treat it and improve quality of life. The aim was to probe the usefulness of the emotional function (EF) subscale of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire C30 (EF-EORTC-QLQ-C30) to assess psychological distress in cancer patients. Methods: This is a multicenter, prospective, observational study involving 15 Spanish hospitals. Patients diagnosed with unresectable advanced thoracic or colorectal cancer were included. Participants completed the Brief Symptom Inventory 18 (BSI-18), the current the gold standard, and the EF-EORTC-QLQ-C30 to assess their psychological distress prior to initiating systemic antineoplastic treatment. Accuracy, sensitivity, positive predictive value (PPV), specificity, and negative predictive value (NPV) were calculated. Results: The sample comprised 639 patients: 283 with advanced thoracic cancer and 356 with advanced colorectal cancer. According to the BSI scale, 74% and 66% displayed psychological distress with an EF-EORTC-QLQ-C30 accuracy of 79% and 76% in detecting psychological distress in individuals with advanced thoracic and colorectal cancer, respectively. Sensitivity was 79 and 75% and specificity was 79 and 77% with a PPV of 92 and 86% and a NPV of 56 and 61% (scale cut-off point, 75) for patients with advanced thoracic and colorectal cancer, respectively. The mean AUC for thoracic cancer was 0.84 and, for colorectal cancer, it was 0.85. Conclusion: This study reveals that the EF-EORTC-QLQ-C30 subscale is a simple and effective tool for detecting psychological distress in people with advanced cancer

Caracterización de la microbiota intestinal en pacientes con Enfermedad de Alzheimer prodrómica respecto a un grupo control en una cohorte de La Rioja: relación con la dieta

Trabajo presentado en la LXXV Reunión anual de la Sociedad Española de Neurología, celebrada en Valencia (España), del 31 de octubre al 4 de noviembre de 2023Objetivo: Caracterizar microbiota intestinal en pacientes con Enfermedad de Alzheimer prodrómica (EA) y grupo control (C), su relación con adherencia a dieta Mind (Mediterranean-DASH Intervention Diet for Neurodegenerative Delay)) y factores de riesgo cardiovascular. Sujetos y metodología: 99 individuos, entre 52 y 78 años (49 controles, 50 EA). Se recogieron variables clínicas. Secuenciación del gen del ARNr 16S bacteriano (Illumina MiSeq, 2x300 pb). Análisis de alfa y beta diversidad y abundancia diferencial (plataforma QIIME2). Resultados: Grupo (C): mujeres (61,22%), edad media (64,86), nivel educativo (superiores 39%), HTA (26,53%), hipercolesterolemia (53,06%), DM (4,08%), MMSE (29,43 media), consumo de vino (69,39%), adherencia a Mind-Diet (46,9%). Grupo EA: mujeres (68%), edad media (70,02), nivel educativo (primarios 51%), HTA (44%), Hipercolesterolemia (52%), DM (20%), consumo de vino (45,1%), adherencia a Mind-Diet (24%), MMSE (26,66 media). Mayor proporción de DM y niveles de glucemia en EA (p=0,03 y p=0,02 respectivamente) y de HTA, sin diferencias estadísticamente significativas. Menor adherencia a dieta Mind y menor consumo de vino (p=0,02 y p=0,01 respectivamente) en EA. Mayor alfa diversidad en controles (índices observed features y chao). Cuando casos y controles se clasificaron en función de adherencia a Mind, el análisis beta-diversidad por Bray-Curtis rozó significación (p=0,059) y el género Lachnospiraceae_FCS020 resultó en menor abundancia en EA con menor adherencia a la Mind. Conclusión: Los pacientes con EA presentan mayor incidencia de DM e HTA, menor consumo de vino, menor adherencia a dieta Mind y menor diversidad bacteriana. El género bacteriano Lachnospiraceae_FCS020 en EA y su asociación con dieta Mind necesita ser investigado

Application of multiple proxies in Mexican tropical coasts to prove evidence of tsunami deposits

"The study of tsunami deposits has significantly advanced since the Chilean 2010 and Tohoku 2011 tsunamis providing opportunities to analyze tsunami deposits and their characteristics (Rubin et al., 2017)." (fragm.

Can Oncologists Prompt Patient Prognostic Awareness to Enhance Decision-Making? Data From the NEOetic Study

Introduction: Anti-neoplastic therapy improves the prognosis for advanced cancer, albeit it is not curative. An ethical dilemma that often arises during patients’ first appointment with the oncologist is to give them only the prognostic information they can tolerate, even at the cost of compromising preference-based decision-making, versus giving them full information to force prompt prognostic awareness, at the risk of causing psychological harm. Methods: We recruited 550 participants with advanced cancer. After the appointment, patients and clinicians completed several questionnaires about preferences, expectations, prognostic awareness, hope, psychological symptoms, and other treatment-related aspects. The aim was to characterize the prevalence, explanatory factors, and consequences of inaccurate prognostic awareness and interest in therapy. Results: Inaccurate prognostic awareness affected 74%, conditioned by the administration of vague information without alluding to death (odds ratio [OR] 2.54; 95% CI, 1.47-4.37, adjusted P = .006). A full 68% agreed to low-efficacy therapies. Ethical and psychological factors oriented firstline decision-making, in a trade-off in which some lose quality of life and mood, for others to gain autonomy. Imprecise prognostic awareness was associated with greater interest in low-efficacy treatments (OR 2.27; 95% CI, 1.31-3.84; adjusted P = .017), whereas realistic understanding increased anxiety (OR 1.63; 95% CI, 1.01-2.65; adjusted P = 0.038), depression (OR 1.96; 95% CI, 1.23-3.11; adjusted P = .020), and diminished quality of life (OR 0.47; 95% CI, 0.29-0.75; adjusted P = .011). Conclusion: In the age of immunotherapy and targeted therapies, many appear not to understand that antineoplastic therapy is not curative. Within the mix of inputs that comprise inaccurate prognostic awareness, many psychosocial factors are as relevant as the physicians’ disclosure of information. Thus, the desire for better decision-making can actually harm the patient