Association between CETP Taq1B and LIPC -514C/T polymorphisms with the serum lipid levels in a group of Tehran's population: a cross sectional study

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Low level of high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) has high prevalence in the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS) cohort. About 50% of the inter-individual variation in serum HDL-C levels is genetically determined. Polymorphisms in cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) and hepatic lipase (LIPC) genes have been found to be associated with the metabolism and serum concentration of the HDL-C.</p> <p>Objectives</p> <p>To determine the association between Taq1B polymorphism in CETP gene and -514C/T polymorphism in LIPC gene with serum lipid levels and lipid peroxidation in a subgroup of the TLGS population.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Serum HDL-C level had significant association with CETP Taq1B polymorphism and B2B2 subjects had the highest HDL-C levels compared to B2B1 and B1B1 genotypes (37.9 vs. 36.9 and 35.3 mg/dl, respectively; <it>P </it>= 0.01). However, carriers of "B1" allele, in comparison to the non carriers (B2B2), had significantly lower levels of TC (200.1 vs. 215.2 mg/dl; <it>P </it>= 0.005), HDL-C (35.8 vs. 37.9 mg/dl; <it>P </it>= 0.009) and malondialdehyde MDA (4.5 vs. 5.0 nmol/mL; <it>P</it>=0.031). Carriers of the "T" allele in -514C/T polymorphism in LIPC gene had higher means of HDL-C than non carriers (37.7 vs. 35.7 mg/dl, <it>P </it>= 0.04). No other association was found between -514C/T polymorphism and any other serum lipids or MDA level.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>This study demonstrates the association between Taq1B and -514C/T polymorphisms in the CETP and LIPC genes with the serum HDL-C levels.</p

The influence of feeding linoleic, gamma-linolenic and docosahexaenoic acid rich oils on rat brain tumor fatty acids composition and fatty acid binding protein 7 mRNA expression

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Experimental studies indicate that gamma linolenic acid (GLA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) may inhibit glioma cells growth but effects of oral consumption of these fatty acids on brain tumor fatty acid composition have not been determined in vivo.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>GLA oil (GLAO; 72% GLA), DHA oil (DHAO; 73% DHA) were fed to adult wistar rats (1 mL/rat/day) starting one week prior to C6 glioma cells implantation and continued for two weeks after implantation. Control group were fed same amount of high linoleic acid safflower oil (74–77% linoleic acid). Fatty acid composition of tumor samples was determined in a set of 8–12 animals in each group and serum fatty acid in 6 animals per each group. Gene expression of tumor fatty acid binding protein 7 (FABP7), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ (PPAR-γ) and retinoid × receptor-α (RXR-α) were determined in a set of 18 animals per group.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>DHAO feeding increased EPA of brain tumors and decreased ratio of n-6/n-3 fatty acids. Serum levels of EPA were also increased in DHAO group. A similar trend in serum and tumor levels of DHA were observed in DHAO group but it did not achieve statistical significance. GLAO increased serum concentration of GLA but had no significant effect on tumor GLA or dihomo-gamma linolenic acid (DGLA) concentrations. Gene expression of FABP7 was up-regulated in tumors of DHAO group but no other significant effects were observed on EGFR, PPAR-γ or RXR-α expression, and expression of these genes in tumors of GLAO were not different from SFO group.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Dietary supplementation of DHA containing oil could be an effective way to increase levels of long chain n-3 fatty acids in brain tumors and this increase may be mediated partly by up-regulation of FABP7 expression.</p

Clinical Outcomes and Determinants of Recovery Rates of Pediatric Inpatients Treated for Severe Acute Malnutrition

Background: Though treatment of severe acute malnutrition cases in both the in-patient care and the out-patient care has been going on since 2011 at the Tamale Teaching Hospital, little is known about the clinical treatment outcomes and factors that may be associated with the recovery rate in the in-patient setting. This study investigated the clinical treatment outcomes and determinant factors likely to be associated with recovery rates at the Hospital. Methods: We performed a retrospective chart review (RCR) of all pediatric patients aged (0-11 years of age) who were diagnosed of severe acute malnutrition between March 2011 and December 2013. Logistic regression modeling was used to determine the risk factors of severe malnutrition. Results: Of the 630 cases that were reviewed, only 19.5 % recovered (having mid-upper-arm-circumference measure ≥125 mm, or oedema resolved, or gained 5g/kg/body weight for 2 consecutive days at the time of discharge), 1.7 % defaulted, and 65.2 % were referred to out-patient care units for continued treatment. The observed case fatality rate was 13.5 %. Marasmic cases had more chronic co-morbid conditions at admission compared to kwashiorkor patients (81.7% vs. 69.3%, p=0.01). Conclusions: Case fatality rate in this population was quite high. Case referral to out-patient care unit was appropriately high. Malaria was the most common co-morbid condition diagnosed among the cases reviewed. Younger age, 15% or more increase in weight, and type of malnutrition were the main predictors of recovery from severe acute malnutrition in the in-patient care setting

What do we need to start a multimedia salt reduction campaign?

As reports of the first national study reveal, Iranian salt intake reaches 9.52 g/day (two times more than recommended by World Health Organization). Meanwhile ignoring the consequences of high salt intake has led to an increased rate of cardiovascular diseases (CVD), stroke, stomach cancer, osteoporosis, obesity, etc., To tackle these threatening issues, a nationwide intervention campaign could be an effective solution based on global experiences. A review of previous work in Iran shows that despite numerous efforts conducted in the prevention of CVDs, they were not well reflected in worldwide sources. Furthermore, a comprehensive campaign was not implemented particularly concerning the salt reduction in Iran. As a result, we first reviewed the major successful initiatives conducted in reducing salt intake around the world and Iran. Then we introduced the components of a comprehensive social marketing campaign along with customized actions related to Iranian nutrition habits, their attitude, and behavior toward salt consumption. These employed components were SWOT analysis, identifying target group, determining communication goals and objectives based on models and theories, planning executive plan, designing communication messages and materials, media planning and promotional actions, and determining campaign budget plus monitoring and evaluation

Assessment of antioxidant enzyme activities in erythrocytes of pre-hypertensive and hypertensive women

Background: Few studies that have investigated hypertension have considered a state of oxidative stress that can contribute to the development of atherosclerosis and other hypertension induced organ damage. The aim of this study was to investigate whether pre-hypertension and hypertension status is associated with activities of erythrocyte antioxidant enzymes in a random sample of cardiovascular disease-free women. Methods: In this case-control study, 53 pre-hypertensive women, 32 hypertensive women and 75 healthy controls were included. General information was gathered using questionnaires and face-to-face interviews. Blood pressure and anthropometric measurements were measured for each subject. Venous blood samples were drawn from subjects and plasma was separated. Activities of erythrocyte antioxidant enzymes were also evaluated by measuring activities of copper zinc-superoxide dismutase (CuZn-SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and catalase (CAT) in selected subjects. Results: Fifty-three (33.1%) and 32 (20%) participants were pre-hypertensive and hypertensive, respectively. The hypertensive and pre-hypertensive women had lower CuZn-SOD (p < 0.001) and GPX (p < 0.01) activities compared to normotensives. Furthermore, hypertensive women had lower CAT activity compared to pre-hypertensive and normotensive women (p < 0.001). Moreover, significant differences were also observed between hypertensive and pre-hypertensive women in erythrocyte CAT activity (p < 0.01). Conclusions: The present findings show that activities of erythrocyte antioxidant enzymes decrease in pre-hypertensive and hypertensive women, which may eventually lead to atherosclerosis and other high blood pressure related health problems

THE RELATIONSHIP OF BODY IRON STORES AND OXIDATIVE STRESS MARKERS RELATED TO ATHEROSCLEROSIS IN WOMEN OF REPRO-DUCTIVE AGE

Abstract &nbsp;&nbsp; BACKGROUND: Elevated body iron stores have been suggested to be a risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). We examined whether elevated plasma ferritin concentrations as an indicator of iron stores would affect the oxidative stress markers in women of reproductive age. &nbsp;&nbsp; METHODS: One hundred sixty, women, aged20-45 years, were selected randomly. Samples had no proven heart disease. Demographic data were gathered using check lists and face-to-face interviews. We investigated body iron stores by measuring the concentrations of plasma ferritin. Furthermore, we assessed oxidative stress markers by measuring the concentrations of plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) and activities of erythrocyte cytoprotective enzymes. &nbsp;&nbsp; RESULTS: Subjects in the highest tertile of plasma ferritin presented the highest levels of plasma MDA (p&lt;0.05). Those in the highest tertile of plasma ferritin had also the highest mean values of CAT activity (p&lt;0.05). Furthermore, Subjects in the highest tertile of plasma ferritin presented the lowest levels of CuZn-SOD activity (p&lt;0.05). Those in the highest tertile of plasma ferritin had also the lowest GPX activity but differences were not statistically significant. Plasma ferritin was significantly directly associated with plasma MDA levels and inversely associated with CuZn-SOD activity. Plasma ferritin levels was positively correlated with MDA levels and inversely correlated with CuZn-SOD activity. No associations were found between the tertile of plasma ferritin in GPX activity.&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; CONCLUSION: Our findings revealed an association between body iron stores and oxidative stress markers linked to atherosclerosis process. The results are also in agreement with the concept that iron overload would elevate the risk of coronary artery disease by promoting the lipid peroxidation. &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; Keywords: iron stores, ferritin, oxidative stress, atherosclerosis, women.</p

BODY IRON STORES AND OXIDATIVE STRESS MARKERS IN WOMEN OF REPRODUCTIVE AGE: IS IT RELATED TO ATHEROSCLEROSIS?

Abstract &nbsp;&nbsp; BACKGROUND: Elevated body iron stores have been suggested to be a risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). We examined whether elevated plasma ferritin concentrations as indicator of iron stores, affect the oxidative stress markers in a reproductive age women population. &nbsp;&nbsp; METHOD: One hundred sixty, 20-45-year-old women were randomly selected. We investigated body iron stores by measuring the concentrations of plasma ferritin. Furthermore, we assessed oxidative stress markers by measuring the concentrations of plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) and activities of erythrocyte cytoprotective enzymes, including superoxide dismutase (CuZn-SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) in a random sample of cardiovascular disease-free women in reproductive age. &nbsp;&nbsp; RESULTS: Subjects in the highest tertile of plasma ferritin presented the highest levels of plasma MDA (p&lt;0.001) and CAT activity (P &lt; 0.05). Furthermore, these Subjects presented the lowest levels of CuZn-SOD activity (P &lt; 0.01). No significant associations were found between the tertile of plasma ferritin in GPX activity. Plasma ferritin was significantly directly associated with plasma MDA levels and inversely associated with CuZn-SOD activity. Using multiple regression, Plasma ferritin levels was positively correlated with MDA levels and inversely correlated with CuZn-SOD activity. &nbsp;&nbsp; CONCLUSION: Our findings revealed an association between body iron stores and oxidative stress markers linked to atherosclerosis process. The results emphasize that iron overload would elevate the risk of coronary artery disease by promoting the lipid peroxidation. &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; Keywords: Iron stores, ferritin, oxidative stress, atherosclerosis, women, reproductive age. &nbsp;</p

Assessment of Oxidative Stress Markers Related to Atherosclerosis in Pre-Hypertensive Women

Background: Lipid peroxidation is a free radical-generating process which occurs on every membranous structure of the cell. Free radicals are known to be involved in a number of human pathologies including atherosclerosis. The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to examine the association between pre-hypertension status and oxidative stress markers [total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and malonedialdehyde (MDA) levels] in a random sample of cardiovascular disease-free women. Methods: In this study, 160 women of 20-45 years of age were randomly selected. General information data were gathered from each sample using questionnaires and face-to-face interviews. Blood pressure (BP) was measured for each subject. Body weight, height, and waist and hip circumferences were measured and body mass index (BMI) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) were calculated for each subject. Venous blood samples were drawn from the subjects, and plasma was separated. In this study, the oxidative stress status was assessed by measuring the concentrations of plasma MDA and TAC levels. Results: Our results show that both systolic and diastolic blood pressures were inversely correlated with TAC (p<0.01) and positively correlated with MDA levels (p<0.01). Particularly, compared to the normotensive subjects, the pre-hypertensives had 19% lower TAC (p<0.05) and 22% higher MDA levels (p<0.01), after correcting for multiple comparisons and adjusting for age, body mass index, waist-to-hip ratio, and other potential confounders. Conclusion: Our findings revealed an association between pre-hypertension and oxidative stress markers linked to atherosclerosis process. Thus, the identification of the underlying molecular mechanisms in pre-hypertension, which seem to include oxidative stress, may serve as an important lead for developing potentially new treatment modalities in this group of patients at risk for future cardiovascular complications

بررسی پراکسیداسیون چربیها و فعالیت آنزیمهای آنتی اکسیدانی در گویچه های سرخ زنان مبتلا به کم خونی فقر آهن Assessment of lipid peroxidation and activities of erythrocyte cytoprotective enzymes in women with iron deficiency anemia

&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'B Mitra'"&gt;مقدمه و هدف: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'B Mitra'"&gt;هدف از مطالعه حاضر بررسی وضعیت&lt;strong&gt; &lt;/strong&gt;پراکسیداسیون چربیها و فعالیت آنزیمهای آنتی اکسیدانی در گویچه های سرخ زنان مبتلا به کم خونی فقر آهن بود.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'B Mitra'"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'B Mitra'"&gt;مواد و روشها: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'B Mitra'"&gt;در این مطالعه مقطعی، 43 زن مبتلا به کم خونی فقر آهن &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 14pt"&gt;&lt;font face="Times New Roman"&gt;(IDA)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'B Mitra'"&gt; و 43 زن سالم به عنوان گروه کنترل انتخاب شدند. همچنین، یک گروه از زنان (43 نفر) دچار فقر آهن &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 14pt"&gt;&lt;font face="Times New Roman"&gt;(ID)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'B Mitra'"&gt; نیز انتخاب گردید. سطح پراکسیداسیون چربیها با اندازه گیری غلظت پلاسمایی مالون دی آلدئید &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 14pt"&gt;&lt;font face="Times New Roman"&gt;(MDA)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'B Mitra'"&gt; و میزان فعالیت&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;آنزیمهای آنتی اکسیدانی در گویچه های سرخ با اندازه گیری فعالیت آنزیمهای سوپراکسید دیسموتاز &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 14pt"&gt;&lt;font face="Times New Roman"&gt;(CuZn-SOD)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'B Mitra'"&gt;، گلوتاتیون پراکسیداز &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 14pt"&gt;&lt;font face="Times New Roman"&gt;(GPX)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'B Mitra'"&gt; و کاتالاز &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 14pt"&gt;&lt;font face="Times New Roman"&gt;(CAT)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'B Mitra'"&gt; ارزیابی شد. جهت مقایسه متغیرهای کمی مورد مطالعه بین گروهها از آزمون آنالیز واریانس یکطرفه &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 14pt"&gt;&lt;font face="Times New Roman"&gt;(ANOVA)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'B Mitra'"&gt; استفاده شد. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'B Mitra'"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'B Mitra'"&gt;نتایج:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'B Mitra'"&gt; میانگین غلظت پلاسمایی &lt;/span&gt;&lt;font face="Times New Roman"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 14pt"&gt;MDA&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'B Mitra'"&gt; در گروه زنان &lt;/span&gt;&lt;font face="Times New Roman"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 14pt"&gt;IDA&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'B Mitra'"&gt; بطور معنی داری بیشتر از گروه زنان &lt;/span&gt;&lt;font face="Times New Roman"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 14pt"&gt;ID&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'B Mitra'"&gt; و زنان سالم بود (01/0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;font face="Times New Roman"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 14pt"&gt;&amp;gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 14pt"&gt;p&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 14pt"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'B Mitra'"&gt;. اما تفاوتی بین زنان گروه &lt;/span&gt;&lt;font face="Times New Roman"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 14pt"&gt;ID&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'B Mitra'"&gt; و گروه سالم از نظر غلظت پلاسمایی &lt;/span&gt;&lt;font face="Times New Roman"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 14pt"&gt;MDA&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'B Mitra'"&gt; مشاهده نشد. میانگین فعالیت آنزیم &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 14pt"&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;font face="Times New Roman"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 14pt"&gt;&lt;font face="Times New Roman"&gt;CuZn-SOD&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'B Mitra'"&gt;در گویچه های سرخ زنان گروه &lt;/span&gt;&lt;font face="Times New Roman"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 14pt"&gt;IDA&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'B Mitra'"&gt; بطور معنی داری کمتر از زنان سالم بود&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;(01/0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;font face="Times New Roman"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 14pt"&gt;&amp;gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 14pt"&gt;p&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 14pt"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'B Mitra'"&gt;. علاوه بر این، میانگین فعالیت آنزیم &lt;/span&gt;&lt;font face="Times New Roman"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 14pt"&gt;CAT&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'B Mitra'"&gt; در زنان مبتلا به کم خونی فقر آهن بطور معنی داری کمتر از زنان گروه &lt;/span&gt;&lt;font face="Times New Roman"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 14pt"&gt;ID&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'B Mitra'"&gt; (01/0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;font face="Times New Roman"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 14pt"&gt;&amp;gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 14pt"&gt;p&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 14pt"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'B Mitra'"&gt; و زنان سالم (001/0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;font face="Times New Roman"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 14pt"&gt;&amp;gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 14pt"&gt;p&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 14pt"&gt;) &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'B Mitra'"&gt;بود.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 14pt"&gt;&lt;font face="Times New Roman"&gt; &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'B Mitra'"&gt;میانگین فعالیت آنزیم &lt;/span&gt;&lt;font face="Times New Roman"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 14pt"&gt;GPX&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'B Mitra'"&gt; بین گروههای مورد مطالعه تفاوت آماری معنی داری نداشت.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'B Mitra'"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'B Mitra'"&gt;نتیجه گیری: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'B Mitra'"&gt;یافته های مطالعه حاضر نشان می دهد که میزان پراکسیداسیون چربیها در زنان مبتلا به کم خونی فقر آهن افزایش و میزان فعالیت آنزیمهای آنتی اکسیدانی در گویچه های سرخ کاهش می یابد. پیامد کاهش فعالیت آنزیمهای آنتی اکسیدانی در انسان پیشرفت تخریب بافتی است که ممکن است زمینه ساز بروز بیماریهای دژنراتیو از جمله تصلب شرائین در آنها باشد.&amp;nbsp;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;ul&gt; &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;BACKGROUND&lt;/strong&gt;: The aim of this study was to investigate whether the lipid peroxidation levels and activities of erythrocytecytoprotective enzymes can be affected by iron deficiency anemia (IDA) in menstruating women.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;METHODS&lt;/strong&gt;: In this case-control study, 43 women with IDA, 43 women with iron deficiency (ID) and 43 healthy controls were included. Lipid peroxidation levels were assessed by measuring the concentrations of plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) (as byproduct of lipid peroxidation). We also evaluated the activities of erythrocyte cytoprotective enzymes by measuring activities of copper zinc-superoxide dismutase (CuZn-SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and catalase (CAT) in selected groups. Furthermore, total antioxidant capacity (TAC) of&amp;nbsp; plasma was assessed for each subject.Comparisons between continuous variables across groups were performed by the calculation of one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA).&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;RESULTS&lt;/strong&gt;: Mean plasma concentration of MDA was significantly higher in IDA group than that in ID group (3.49 &amp;plusmn; 0.84 vs. 2.76 &amp;plusmn; 0.59, ?mol/L, respectively, p &lt; 0.01) and healthy group women (3.49 &amp;plusmn; 0.84 vs. 2.94 &amp;plusmn; 0.71 ?mol/L, respectively, p &lt; 0.01). No significant difference was observed between ID and healthy groups in plasma MDA concentration (2.76 &amp;plusmn; 0.59 vs. 2.94 &amp;plusmn; 0.71, respectively). The mean erythrocyte CuZn-SOD activity in IDA group was significantly lower than that in healthy group women (674 &amp;plusmn; 89 vs. 796 &amp;plusmn; 82, respectively, p &lt; 0.01). Furthermore, erythrocyte CAT activity was significantly lower in IDA group compared to both ID (162 &amp;plusmn; 52 vs. 193 &amp;plusmn; 72, respectively, p &lt; 0.01) and healthy women groups (162 &amp;plusmn; 52 vs. 234 &amp;plusmn; 68, respectively, p &lt; 0.001). No significant difference was observed between study groups in erythrocyte GPX activity. In addition, plasma TAC levels were significantly lower in IDA and ID groups compared to healthy women group (1.97 &amp;plusmn; 0.42 and 2.16 &amp;plusmn; 0.64 vs. 3.76 &amp;plusmn; 0.86, respectively, p &lt; 0.01).&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;CONCLUSIONS&lt;/strong&gt;: Our findings showed that activities of erythrocyte cytoprotective enzymes decrease and lipid peroxidation increases in women with IDA. The consequence of the low activity of the cytoprotective enzymes in human is progressive tissue damage, which may eventually lead to atherosclerosis and other degenerative diseases.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;KEYWORDS&lt;/strong&gt;: Lipid peroxidation, iron deficiency anemia, cytoprotective enzymes, women.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ul&gt

The study of dietary patterns and their relationship to anthropometry in female nurses

Background: Nurses are prone to continuous stress due to their job situation that lead to many physical and psychological disorders. this job stress also affects their personal life and career. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between major dietary patterns and anthropometry in nurses. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study from February to October 2014. In this cross-sectional study, 320 female nurses were selected randomly from eight hospitals affiliated to Tehran University of Medical Sciences in 2014. This research project carried out with the code 24371 Tehran University of Medical Sciences in Research Ethics Committee approved. Anthropometry and blood pressure measurement was done. Data on physical activity were obtained using the short version of international physical activity questionnaire. Results: Three dietary patterns were identified using factor analysis and labeled: healthy, unhealthy and traditional. The healthy dietary pattern score was significantly related to weight and body mass index (BMI) of participants after adjusting for confounders (P=0.05, P=0.01, respectively). There was not significant association between the unhealthy dietary pattern and anthropometry measures. The unhealthy dietary pattern score was inversely related to systolic and diastolic blood pressure after adjusting for confounders (P=0.001, P=0.03, respectively). There was not any significant association between the traditional dietary pattern and anthropometry and blood pressure measures (P>0.05). Conclusion: According to the result of this study, three dietary patterns including, healthy, unhealthy and traditional were identified in nurses. The healthy dietary pattern was associated with weight and BMI and the unhealthy dietary pattern was inversely associated with blood pressure. The traditional dietary pattern had no effect on anthropometry and blood pressure measures