Avaliação da brotação de tubérculos de Cyperus rotundus pelo teste de respiração

The breath test is a indirect biochemical test that means to measure the amount of oxygen consumed, has been extensively used in measuring the respiration rate of seeds and soil respiration. The objective was to develop and validate a methodology to assess sprouting of purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus) tubers by breathing test. In order to develop the methodology, tests were carried out with the objective of homogenizing the sprouting. In these tests the tubers suffered a preconditioning with glucose, gibberelic acid or with distilled water. In addition to validate the methodology it was used the glyphosate in five rates that was sprayed in pots infested with C. rotundus at the full development (before flowering). The results obtained showed that there is no significant difference in the sum of the breathed amount considering the use of glucose or water in the preconditioning and a reduction in use of gibberellic acid. In the period of 48-96 hours the CO2 production was decreased with the increased glyphosate rate, as well as the percentage of sprouting. Therefore the proposal methodology can be used as a fast and simple technique to foresee the percentage of sprouting tubers.      O teste de respiração é um teste bioquímico, indireto, que permite medir a quantidade de oxigênio consumida, sendo bastante utilizado na medição da taxa de respiração de sementes e na respiração edáfica. O objetivo do trabalho foi desenvolver e validar uma metodologia para verificar a brotação de tubérculos de tiririca (Cyperus rotundus) através de teste de respiração. Para o desenvolvimento da metodologia, foram realizados testes em que os tubérculos sofreram um pré-condicionamento com glicose, ácido-giberélico ou com água destilada, na tentativa de homogeneizar a brotação. O CO2 produzido pela respiração dos tubérculos era capturado por NaOH e a taxa de respiração foi determinada por titulação utilizando HCl. Para a validação da metodologia utilizou-se o herbicida glyphosate em cinco dosagens, o qual foi aplicado em vasos infestados com C. rotundus no estágio de pré-florescimento. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram que não houve diferença significativa na somatória da taxa respiratória quanto ao uso de glicose ou água no pré-condicionamento e uma redução com uso de ácido-giberélico. No período de 48-96 horas, a produção de CO2 foi decrescente com o aumento da dose de glyphosate, assim como a porcentagem de brotação dos tubérculos. Portanto a metodologia proposta pode ser utilizada como uma técnica rápida e simples para prever a porcentagem de brotação de tubérculos

Metodologia para determinar a viabilidade de tubérculos de Cyperus rotundus

This work aimed to develop and to validate a methodology based on tetrazolium test to determine the viability of purple nutsedge tubers (Cyperus rotundus). The treatments for methodology development were combined in factorial design 3 x 4 x 5, three tubers conditions (dead as control, conditioning with water and conditioning for loss of moisture), four concentrations of tetrazolium (0.1, 0.25, 0.5 , and 1%) and 5 assessment periods (8, 16, 24, 32 and 48 hours after immersion in solution). For methodology validation the treatments were arranged in factorial design 2 x 5, with two methods to evaluate the tubers (tetrazolium test and sprouting) and five rates of glyphosate: 0, 180, 360, 720 and 1440 g a e ha-1, applied to C. rotudus at the pre-flowering. At 30 days after glyphosate application the tubers were collected for evaluation by tetrazolium test and sprouting. The concentration of tetrazolium used for validation was 1%, keeping the tubers in the solution for a period of 24 hours. At the end of each studied period, the tubers were removed, washed and cut to conduct visual assessment, determining the presence and intensity of coloration along the surface of them. The best treatments were those in which the tubers were previously dehydrated, indicating that tetrazolium entrance predominantly occurs by mass flow. The treatments results for methodology validation indicated that the coloration percentage decreased as the glyphosate rates increased. Tetrazolium test is a good indicator of the viability of purple nutsedge tubers, with satisfactory results when immersed in 1% concentration for at least 8 hours.        Este trabalho teve como objetivo desenvolver e validar uma metodologia fundamentada no uso de tetrazólio para determinar a viabilidade de tubérculos de tiririca (Cyperus rotundus). Os tratamentos para o desenvolvimento da metodologia foram combinados em esquema fatorial 3 x 4 x 5, sendo 3 condições de tubérculos (mortos como testemunha, condicionamento com água e para perda de umidade); 4 concentrações de tetrazólio (0,1; 0,25; 0,5; e 1%); e 5 períodos de avaliação (8, 16, 24, 32 e 48 horas após imersão na solução). Para a validação da metodologia, os tratamentos foram combinados em esquema fatorial 2 x 5, sendo 2 métodos para avaliação dos tubérculos (teste de tetrazólio e brotação) e 5 doses de glyphosate: 0, 180, 360, 720 e 1440 g e.a. ha-1, aplicado sobre C. rotudus no estádio de pré-florescimento. Aos 30 dias após a aplicação do glyphosate os tubérculos foram coletados para as avaliações pelos testes de tetrazólio e brotação. A concentração de tetrazólio utilizado para validação foi de 1%, mantendo os tubérculos na solução por um período de 24 horas. Ao término de cada período estudado os tubérculos foram retirados, lavados e cortados para proceder a avaliação visual, determinando a presença e intensidade de coloração ao longo da superfície dos mesmos. Os melhores tratamentos foram aqueles nos quais os tubérculos foram previamente desidratados, indicando que a entrada do tetrazólio ocorre predominantemente por fluxo de massa. Os resultados dos tratamentos para validação da metodologia indicaram que a porcentagem de coloração foi decrescente em resposta ao aumento da dose de glyphosate. O teste de tetrazólio é um bom indicador da viabilidade de tubérculos de tiririca, com resultados satisfatórios quando imersos em solução de 1% de concentração por no mínimo 8 horas

Optimasi Portofolio Resiko Menggunakan Model Markowitz MVO Dikaitkan dengan Keterbatasan Manusia dalam Memprediksi Masa Depan dalam Perspektif Al-Qur`an

Risk portfolio on modern finance has become increasingly technical, requiring the use of sophisticated mathematical tools in both research and practice. Since companies cannot insure themselves completely against risk, as human incompetence in predicting the future precisely that written in Al-Quran surah Luqman verse 34, they have to manage it to yield an optimal portfolio. The objective here is to minimize the variance among all portfolios, or alternatively, to maximize expected return among all portfolios that has at least a certain expected return. Furthermore, this study focuses on optimizing risk portfolio so called Markowitz MVO (Mean-Variance Optimization). Some theoretical frameworks for analysis are arithmetic mean, geometric mean, variance, covariance, linear programming, and quadratic programming. Moreover, finding a minimum variance portfolio produces a convex quadratic programming, that is minimizing the objective function ðð¥with constraintsð ð 𥠥 ðandð´ð¥ = ð. The outcome of this research is the solution of optimal risk portofolio in some investments that could be finished smoothly using MATLAB R2007b software together with its graphic analysis

Search for heavy resonances decaying to two Higgs bosons in final states containing four b quarks

A search is presented for narrow heavy resonances X decaying into pairs of Higgs bosons (H) in proton-proton collisions collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC at root s = 8 TeV. The data correspond to an integrated luminosity of 19.7 fb(-1). The search considers HH resonances with masses between 1 and 3 TeV, having final states of two b quark pairs. Each Higgs boson is produced with large momentum, and the hadronization products of the pair of b quarks can usually be reconstructed as single large jets. The background from multijet and t (t) over bar events is significantly reduced by applying requirements related to the flavor of the jet, its mass, and its substructure. The signal would be identified as a peak on top of the dijet invariant mass spectrum of the remaining background events. No evidence is observed for such a signal. Upper limits obtained at 95 confidence level for the product of the production cross section and branching fraction sigma(gg -> X) B(X -> HH -> b (b) over barb (b) over bar) range from 10 to 1.5 fb for the mass of X from 1.15 to 2.0 TeV, significantly extending previous searches. For a warped extra dimension theory with amass scale Lambda(R) = 1 TeV, the data exclude radion scalar masses between 1.15 and 1.55 TeV

Measurement of the top quark mass using charged particles in pp collisions at root s=8 TeV

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Measurement of the Splitting Function in &ITpp &ITand Pb-Pb Collisions at root&ITsNN&IT=5.02 TeV

Data from heavy ion collisions suggest that the evolution of a parton shower is modified by interactions with the color charges in the dense partonic medium created in these collisions, but it is not known where in the shower evolution the modifications occur. The momentum ratio of the two leading partons, resolved as subjets, provides information about the parton shower evolution. This substructure observable, known as the splitting function, reflects the process of a parton splitting into two other partons and has been measured for jets with transverse momentum between 140 and 500 GeV, in pp and PbPb collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 5.02 TeV per nucleon pair. In central PbPb collisions, the splitting function indicates a more unbalanced momentum ratio, compared to peripheral PbPb and pp collisions.. The measurements are compared to various predictions from event generators and analytical calculations.Peer reviewe

Measurement of nuclear modification factors of gamma(1S)), gamma(2S), and gamma(3S) mesons in PbPb collisions at root s(NN)=5.02 TeV

The cross sections for ϒ(1S), ϒ(2S), and ϒ(3S) production in lead-lead (PbPb) and proton-proton (pp) collisions at √sNN = 5.02 TeV have been measured using the CMS detector at the LHC. The nuclear modification factors, RAA, derived from the PbPb-to-pp ratio of yields for each state, are studied as functions of meson rapidity and transverse momentum, as well as PbPb collision centrality. The yields of all three states are found to be significantly suppressed, and compatible with a sequential ordering of the suppression, RAA(ϒ(1S)) > RAA(ϒ(2S)) > RAA(ϒ(3S)). The suppression of ϒ(1S) is larger than that seen at √sNN = 2.76 TeV, although the two are compatible within uncertainties. The upper limit on the RAA of ϒ(3S) integrated over pT, rapidity and centrality is 0.096 at 95% confidence level, which is the strongest suppression observed for a quarkonium state in heavy ion collisions to date. © 2019 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Funded by SCOAP3.Peer reviewe

Search for supersymmetry in events with one lepton and multiple jets in proton-proton collisions at root s=13 TeV

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Electroweak production of two jets in association with a Z boson in proton-proton collisions root s =13 TeV

A measurement of the electroweak (EW) production of two jets in association with a Z boson in proton-proton collisions at root s = 13 TeV is presented, based on data recorded in 2016 by the CMS experiment at the LHC corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb(-1). The measurement is performed in the lljj final state with l including electrons and muons, and the jets j corresponding to the quarks produced in the hard interaction. The measured cross section in a kinematic region defined by invariant masses m(ll) > 50 GeV, m(jj) > 120 GeV, and transverse momenta P-Tj > 25 GeV is sigma(EW) (lljj) = 534 +/- 20 (stat) fb (syst) fb, in agreement with leading-order standard model predictions. The final state is also used to perform a search for anomalous trilinear gauge couplings. No evidence is found and limits on anomalous trilinear gauge couplings associated with dimension-six operators are given in the framework of an effective field theory. The corresponding 95% confidence level intervals are -2.6 <cwww/Lambda(2) <2.6 TeV-2 and -8.4 <cw/Lambda(2) <10.1 TeV-2. The additional jet activity of events in a signal-enriched region is also studied, and the measurements are in agreement with predictions.Peer reviewe