4 research outputs found
The Religious Policy of Emperor Heraclius (610-641) in regards to Hebrews
Our study sets out to discuss the religious policy of Emperor Heraclius ( 610-641) in regards to Hebrews. Before the relic of the Holy Cross was reinstalled in Jerusalem (31 March 630), Emperor Heraclius's relations with the Hebrews do not seem to be tense. Starting with 630, Heraclius retaliates against the Hebrews as a punishment for their collaboration with the Persians, as well as for their involvement in the massacre of Christians when Jerusalem was conquered by the Persians (614). The Emperor issued an edict for the forced conversion of Hebrews to Christianity. The scope of this edict covered the entire Byzantine Empire, but it was only enforced in Cartagena (May 31, 632). Saint Maximus the Confessor condemns Heraclius's decision to forcibly convert Cartagena Hebrews to Christianity. Heraclius's decree was contested among the Hebrews. Their forced christening caused their migration to Persia. Also, Heraclius's anti-Hebrew policy determined them to facilitate the Arab expansion in Byzantine territories.
Keywords: religious policy, emperor Heraclius, Hebrews, conversion, baptis
FĂȘtes civiques et calendriers dans les colonies milĂ©siennes du Pont-Euxin
Civic Festivals and Calendars in the Milesian Pontic Colonies of the Pontus Euxinus.
This study deals with civic festivals dedicated to the divinities worshipped in the Milesian Pontic colonies and their calendars. Religious festivals celebrated in the Milesian cities of Pontus Euxinus were crucial landmarks for the organization of their calendars. Milesian Pontic cities adopted the cycle of festivities established by Milesian tradition, which unquestionably gave prime place to the cult of Apollo. In Milesian Pontic cities there were celebrations of Taurea (in honor of Poseidon Taureos), Thargelia (in honor of Apollo Thargelios), Metageitnia (in honor of Apollon Metageitnios), Boedromia (in honor of Apollo Boedromios), Pyanopsia (in honor of Apollo), Apatouria (in honor of Zeus Phratrios and Athena Phratria), Lenaia, Anthesteria, and the Great Dionysia (in honor of Dionysos). Most holidays celebrated in the Milesian Pontic colonies were related to traditions of agricultural society. They were held, as everywhere in the Greek world, in the first half of the month, the preferred dates being a full moon and the 1st and 7th of each month.LâĂ©tude porte sur les fĂȘtes civiques consacrĂ©es aux divinitĂ©s vĂ©nĂ©rĂ©es dans les colonies pontiques milĂ©siennes et leurs calendriers. Les fĂȘtes religieuses cĂ©lĂ©brĂ©es dans les citĂ©s milĂ©siennes du Pont-Euxin reprĂ©sentaient des repĂšres fondamentaux pour lâorganisation de leurs calendriers. Les citĂ©s milĂ©siennes du Pont-Euxin ont adoptĂ© le cycle de fĂȘtes fixĂ© par la tradition milĂ©sienne, donnant sans doute la place essentielle au culte dâApollon. Dans les citĂ©s pontiques milĂ©siennes Ă©taient cĂ©lĂ©brĂ©es les TaurĂ©a (en lâhonneur de PosĂ©idon TaurĂ©os), les ThargĂ©lies (en lâhonneur dâApollon ThargĂšlios), MĂ©tageitnia (en lâhonneur dâApollon MĂ©tageitnios) les BoĂ©dromies (en lâhonneur dâApollon BoĂ©dromios), les Pyanepsies (en lâhonneur dâApollon), les Apatouries (en lâhonneur de Zeus Phratrios et dâAthĂ©na Phratria), les LĂ©naia, les AnthestĂ©ries et les Grandes Dionysies (en lâhonneur de Dionysos). La plupart des fĂȘtes cĂ©lĂ©brĂ©es dans les colonies pontiques milĂ©siennes sont liĂ©es (rattachĂ©es) aux traditions de la sociĂ©tĂ© agricole. Elles se dĂ©roulaient, comme partout dans le monde grec, dans la premiĂšre moitiĂ© du mois, les dates prĂ©fĂ©rĂ©es Ă©tant la pleine lune, le premier et le sept de chaque mois.Mihai Feraru Remus. FĂȘtes civiques et calendriers dans les colonies milĂ©siennes du Pont-Euxin. In: Dialogues d'histoire ancienne, vol. 41, n°1, 2015. pp. 13-45
FĂȘtes civiques et calendriers dans les colonies milĂ©siennes du Pont-Euxin
Civic Festivals and Calendars in the Milesian Pontic Colonies of the Pontus Euxinus.
This study deals with civic festivals dedicated to the divinities worshipped in the Milesian Pontic colonies and their calendars. Religious festivals celebrated in the Milesian cities of Pontus Euxinus were crucial landmarks for the organization of their calendars. Milesian Pontic cities adopted the cycle of festivities established by Milesian tradition, which unquestionably gave prime place to the cult of Apollo. In Milesian Pontic cities there were celebrations of Taurea (in honor of Poseidon Taureos), Thargelia (in honor of Apollo Thargelios), Metageitnia (in honor of Apollon Metageitnios), Boedromia (in honor of Apollo Boedromios), Pyanopsia (in honor of Apollo), Apatouria (in honor of Zeus Phratrios and Athena Phratria), Lenaia, Anthesteria, and the Great Dionysia (in honor of Dionysos). Most holidays celebrated in the Milesian Pontic colonies were related to traditions of agricultural society. They were held, as everywhere in the Greek world, in the first half of the month, the preferred dates being a full moon and the 1st and 7th of each month.LâĂ©tude porte sur les fĂȘtes civiques consacrĂ©es aux divinitĂ©s vĂ©nĂ©rĂ©es dans les colonies pontiques milĂ©siennes et leurs calendriers. Les fĂȘtes religieuses cĂ©lĂ©brĂ©es dans les citĂ©s milĂ©siennes du Pont-Euxin reprĂ©sentaient des repĂšres fondamentaux pour lâorganisation de leurs calendriers. Les citĂ©s milĂ©siennes du Pont-Euxin ont adoptĂ© le cycle de fĂȘtes fixĂ© par la tradition milĂ©sienne, donnant sans doute la place essentielle au culte dâApollon. Dans les citĂ©s pontiques milĂ©siennes Ă©taient cĂ©lĂ©brĂ©es les TaurĂ©a (en lâhonneur de PosĂ©idon TaurĂ©os), les ThargĂ©lies (en lâhonneur dâApollon ThargĂšlios), MĂ©tageitnia (en lâhonneur dâApollon MĂ©tageitnios) les BoĂ©dromies (en lâhonneur dâApollon BoĂ©dromios), les Pyanepsies (en lâhonneur dâApollon), les Apatouries (en lâhonneur de Zeus Phratrios et dâAthĂ©na Phratria), les LĂ©naia, les AnthestĂ©ries et les Grandes Dionysies (en lâhonneur de Dionysos). La plupart des fĂȘtes cĂ©lĂ©brĂ©es dans les colonies pontiques milĂ©siennes sont liĂ©es (rattachĂ©es) aux traditions de la sociĂ©tĂ© agricole. Elles se dĂ©roulaient, comme partout dans le monde grec, dans la premiĂšre moitiĂ© du mois, les dates prĂ©fĂ©rĂ©es Ă©tant la pleine lune, le premier et le sept de chaque mois.Mihai Feraru Remus. FĂȘtes civiques et calendriers dans les colonies milĂ©siennes du Pont-Euxin. In: Dialogues d'histoire ancienne, vol. 41, n°1, 2015. pp. 13-45
Nouvelles contributions à l'étude des cadrans solaires découverts dans les cités grecques de Dobroudja
Remus Mihai Feraru, New contributions to the study of the sundials discovered in the Greek cities of Dobruja,
DHA 34/2, 2008, 65-80.
Abstract : Among the artefacts found in the Greek cities of the West coast of the Euxine Sea are a fragment of a sundial from Istros and a whole one from CumpÄna, in the territory of Tomi. The Istros marble fragment was probably part of a hemispheric collecting area sundial ; he was set for the latitude of Istros (44°31'), and has been dated to the end of the IVth century or the beginning of the IInd B. C. The sundial discovered at CumpÄna has a cylindrical collecting area, and lias been set at the latitude of Tomi (44°07'). It has been dated to the IInd century A. C. It is difficult to identify the origin of the marble used for the production of these instruments ; it may come from the Proconnesus' marble quarries which belonged to the city of Cyzicus. Another possible origin could be the quarries of Dokimcion (Asia Minor).Remus Mihai Feraru, Nouvelles contributions Ă l'Ă©tude des cadrans solaires dĂ©couverts dans les citĂ©s grecques de Dobroudja, DHA 34/2, 2008, 65-80.
RĂ©sumĂ© : Parmi les documents archĂ©ologiques dĂ©couverts dans les citĂ©s grecques situĂ©es sur la cĂŽte ouest du Pont-Euxin figurent un fragment d'un cadran solaire provenant d'Istros et un cadran solaire dĂ©couvert Ă CumpÄna, dans le territoire rural de la citĂ© de Tomi. Il semble que le fragment de marbre dĂ©couvert Ă Istros ait appartenu Ă un cadran solaire Ă surface de rĂ©ception hĂ©misphĂ©rique. Le cadran Ă©tait conçu pour la latitude d'Istros (44°31'). La piĂšce a Ă©tĂ© datĂ©e fin du IVe siĂšcle ou au plus tard, dĂ©but du IIIe av. J.-C. Le cadran dĂ©couvert Ă CumpÄna a une surface de rĂ©ception cylindrique. Il a Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ© pour la latitude de la ville de Tomi (44°07'). La piĂšce a Ă©tĂ© datĂ©e IIe siĂšcle ap. J.-C. Il est difficile d'identifier la provenance du marbre utilisĂ© pour la construction de ces deux instruments ; il est possible que le marbre provienne des marbriĂšres de ProconnĂšse qui appartenaient Ă la citĂ© de Cyzique. Une autre source de provenance du marbre pourrait ĂȘtre la marbriĂšre de Dokimeion (Asie Mineure).Mihai Feraru Renius. Nouvelles contributions Ă l'Ă©tude des cadrans solaires dĂ©couverts dans les citĂ©s grecques de Dobroudja. In: Dialogues d'histoire ancienne, vol. 34, n°2, 2008. pp. 65-80