126 research outputs found
Universal Conductance Fluctuations of Topological Insulators
As an exotic quantum condensed matter, the topological insulator (TI) is a
bulk-insulating material with a Dirac-type conducting surface state. Such
dissipationless transport of topological surface states (TSSs) is protected by
the time-reversal symmetry, which leads to the potential applications in
spintronics and quantum computations. Understanding the topological symplectic
transport of the Dirac fermions is a key issue to study and design the TI-based
devices. In this review, we introduce the progress on the universal conductance
fluctuation (UCF) of TSSs. Firstly, we report the two dimensional UCF
phenomenon in TIs, and its topological nature is demonstrated based on the
investigations of UCF by angle-varying, in-plane field tuning and scaling
analysis. Secondly, we discuss the statistical symmetry of UCF in TIs. For a
single TSS, the applied magnetic field will drive the system from a Gaussian
symplectic ensemble into a Gaussian unitary ensemble. It results a 2^0.5 fold
increase of the UCF amplitude. However, the experiment reveals a decreasing of
the UCF amplitude of 2^0.5 times. This is contradictory to the theoretical
prediction. Actually, there are two TSSs and they are coherently coupled to
each other in TIs since the sample's thickness is shorter than its bulk
dephasing length. This leads to a Gaussian orthogonal ensemble of the interface
coupling system without an external field. In such situation, the UCF amplitude
will decrease by 2^0.5 times with the field increasing. It is consistent with
the experimental results. Finally, the other progress on UCFs is also
discussed
Free-standing Graphene as Gold Standard
We demonstrate using graphene sheets as a novel mass standard in the scanning
transmission electron microscopy (STEM) based mass spectrometry. Here,
free-standing graphene sheets are investigated by STEM. The discrete number of
graphene layers enables an accurate calibration of STEM intensity, as performed
over an extended thickness and with single atomic layer sensitivity. This leads
to the direct and accurate measurement of the electron mean free path. As an
application, we gain the insight of carbon nanoparticles of complex structure
Weak antilocalization in Cd3As2 thin films
Recently, it has been theoretically predicted that Cd3As2 is a three
dimensional Dirac material, a new topological phase discovered after
topological insulators, which exhibits a linear energy dispersion in the bulk
with massless Dirac fermions. Here, we report on the low-temperature
magnetoresistance measurements on a ~50nm-thick Cd3As2 film. The weak
antilocalization under perpendicular magnetic field is discussed based on the
two-dimensional Hikami-Larkin-Nagaoka (HLN) theory. The electron-electron
interaction is addressed as the source of the dephasing based on the
temperature-dependent scaling behavior. The weak antilocalization can be also
observed while the magnetic field is parallel to the electric field due to the
strong interaction between the different conductance channels in this
quasi-two-dimensional film
Diagnosing the magnetic field-tuned symmetry nature of the topological electrons by conductance fluctuations in bulk-insulating BiSbTeSe2 devices
We extract the quantum conductance fluctuations and study its magnetic field
dependence in the gate-dependent transport of the topological electrons in
bulk-insulating BiSbTeSe2 devices. While increasing the magnetic field from 0
to 12 Tesla, the fluctuation magnitudes are found reduced by a ratio of sqrt(2)
and form a quantized step. The step is observed both in n-type and p-type
transport. It is also confirmed in the nonlocal measurements. This essentially
demonstrates the breaking of the time reversal symmetry of the
three-dimensional Z2 topological insulators
Quantum oscillations and nontrivial transport in (Bi0.92In0.08)2Se3
Quantum phase transition in topological insulators has drawn heightened
attention in condensed matter physics and future device applications. Here we
report the magnetotransport properties of single crystalline
(Bi0.92In0.08)2Se3. The average mobility of about 1000 cm2/Vs is obtained from
the Lorentz law at the low field up to 50 K. The quantum oscillations rise at a
field of about 5 T, revealing a high mobility of 1.4*10^4 cm2/Vs at 2 K. The
topological Dirac fermions are evident by the nontrivial Berry phase in the
Landau Fan diagram. The properties make the (Bi0.92In0.08)2Se3 a promising
platform for the investigation of quantum phase transition in topological
insulators.Comment: 8 pages, 3 figure
Non-topological Origin of the Planar Hall Effect in Type-II Dirac Semimetal NiTe2
Dirac and Weyl semimetals are new discovered topological nontrivial materials
with the linear band dispersions around the Dirac/Weyl points. When applying
non-orthogonal electric current and magnetic field, an exotic phenomenon called
chiral anomaly arises and negative longitudinal resistance can be detected.
Recently, a new phenomenon named planer Hall effect (PHE) is considered to be
another indication of chiral anomaly which has been observed in many
topological semimetals. However, it still remains a question that is the PHE
only attributed to chiral anomaly? Here we demonstrate the PHE in a
new-discovered type-II Dirac semimetal NiTe2 by low temperature transport.
However, after detailed analysis, we conclude that the PHE results from the
trivial orbital magnetoresistance. This work reveals that PHE is not a
sufficient condition of chiral anomaly and one need to take special care of
other non-topological contribution in such studies
Two-step splitting the expandable graphite for few-layer graphene
Few-layer graphene sheets are prepared by splitting the expanded graphites
using a high-power sonication. Atomic-level quantitative scanning transmission
electron microscopy (Q-STEM) is employed to carry out the efficient layer
statisticsm, enabling global optimization of the experimental conditions. A
two-step splitting mechanism is thus revealed, in which the mean layer number
was firstly reduced to less than 20 by heating to 1100{\deg}C and then tuned to
the few-layer region by a 5-minute 104W/litre sonication. Raman spectroscopic
analysis confirms the above mechanism and demonstrates that the sheets are
largely free of defects and oxides
Three-Dimensional Anisotropic Magnetoresistance in the Dirac Node-Line Material ZrSiSe
The family of materials defined as ZrSiX (X = S, Se, Te) has been established
as Dirac node-line semimetals, and subsequent study is urgent to exploit the
promising application of unusual magnetoresistance property. In this work, we
systematically investigated the anisotropic magnetoresistance in the
newly-discovered Dirac node-line material ZrSiSe. By applying a magnetic field
of 3 T by a vector field, the three-dimensional (3D) magnetoresistance (MR)
shows strong anisotropy. The MR ratio of maximum and minimum directions can
reach 7 at 3 T and keeps increasing at the higher magnetic field. The
anisotropic MR forms a butterfly-shaped curve, which indicates the quasi-2D
electronic structures. This is further confirmed by the angular-dependent
Shubnikov-de Haas (SdH) oscillations. The first-principles calculations
establish the quasi-2D tubular-shaped Fermi surface near the X point in the
Brillouin zone. Our findings shed light on the 3D mapping of MR and the
potential applications in magnetic sensors based on ZrSiSe Dirac materials
Oscillating planar Hall response from the surface electrons in bulk crystal Sn doped Bi1.1Sb0.9Te2S
We report the low-temperature magneto-transport in the bulk-insulating single
crystal of topological insulator Sn doped Bi1.1Sb0.9Te2S. The Shubnikov-de Haas
oscillations appear with their reciprocal frequency proportional to cos/theta ,
demonstrating the dominant transport of topological surface states. While the
magnetic field is rotating in the sample surface, the planar Hall effect arises
with sizeable oscillations following a relation of cos/theta sin/theta . Its
amplitude reaches the maximum at the lowest temperature and drops to nearly
zero at the temperature higher than 100 K. All these evidences consolidate such
planar Hall oscillations as a new golden criterion on the topological surface
transport
Experimental observation of nanojets formed by heating the PbO-coated Pb clusters
In this article, we will present the first experimental observation of
nanojets formed by heating PbO-coated Pb clusters, which has been predicted
theoretically by M. Moseler and U Landman. During the heating, the hot liquid
ejects through the broken orifice into vacuum, and forms a condensed trail in
the tadpole shape as shown in the TEM micrographs. The temperature-variable
Raman spectra indicates that the nanojet formation is closely related to the
heating temperature and thus essentially to the internal pressure in the coated
clusters. The pressure inside the shell, which rises from the inner core's
melting and its confined volume expansion and then drops after the final
explosion, dominates the whole nanojetting process
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