A methane monitoring station siting method based on WRF-STILT and genetic algorithm

Reducing methane emissions in the oil and gas industry is a top priority for the current international community in addressing climate change. Methane emissions from the energy sector exhibit strong temporal variability and ground monitoring networks can provide time-continuous measurements of methane concentrations, enabling the rapid detection of sudden methane leaks in the oil and gas industry. Therefore, identifying specific locations within oil fields to establish a cost-effective and reliable methane monitoring ground network is an urgent and significant task. In response to this challenge, this study proposes a technical workflow that, utilizing emission inventories, atmospheric transport models, and intelligent computing techniques, automatically determines the optimal locations for monitoring stations based on the input quantity of monitoring sites. This methodology can automatically and quantitatively assess the observational effectiveness of the monitoring network. The effectiveness of the proposed technical workflow is demonstrated using the Shengli Oilfield, the second-largest oil and gas extraction base in China, as a case study. We found that the Genetic Algorithm can help find the optimum locations effectively. Besides, the overall observation effectiveness grew from 1.7 to 5.6 when the number of site increased from 1 to 9. However, the growth decreased with the increasing site number. Such a technology can assist the oil and gas industry in better monitoring methane emissions resulting from oil and gas extraction

Experimental Study on the Bending Resistance of Hollow Slab Beams Strengthened with Prestressed Steel Strand Polyurethane Cement Composite

In order to explore the toughening performance and failure mechanism of hollow slab beams strengthened with prestressed steel strand polyurethane cement composite, three test beams (L1–L3) were strengthened and one test beam (L0) was used as a comparison. The influence of different tensile stresses of steel strand and fiber additions on the flexural bearing capacity of the hollow slab beams, was studied. The cracking characteristics, load deflection relationship, ductility and strain of each test beam were compared and analyzed. The test results showed that the toughened material was well bonded to the hollow slab beam and the steel strand, which effectively inhibited the development of cracks in the test beams. The flexural bearing capacity of the strengthened test beams was significantly improved. The use of prestressed steel strand polyurethane cement composite material effectively improved the flexural bearing capacity of the test beams, and this reinforcement process can be further extended to engineering applications

Rational Engineering of 2D Materials as Advanced Catalyst Cathodes for High‐Performance Metal–Carbon Dioxide Batteries

Given the unique characteristic of integrating CO2 conversion and renewable energy storage, metal–CO2 batteries (MCBs) are expected to become the next‐generation technology to address both environmental and energy crises. As involving complex gas–liquid–solid three‐phase interfacial reactions, cathodes of MCBs can significantly affect the overall battery operation, thus attracting much research attention. Compared to conventional materials, 2D materials offer great opportunities for the design and preparation of high‐performance catalyst cathodes, especially showing superior bifunctional electrocatalytic capacity for rechargeable MCBs. The inherent high‐specific‐surface area and diverse structural architectures of 2D materials enable their flexible and rational engineering designs toward kinetically favorable metal–CO2 electrochemistry. Herein this review, the cutting‐edge progresses of 2D materials‐based catalyst cathodes are presented in MCBs. The reaction mechanisms of various MCBs, including both nonaqueous and aqueous systems, are systematically introduced. Then, the design criteria of catalyst cathodes, and the merits and demerits of 2D materials‐based catalyst cathodes are discussed. After that, three representative engineering strategies (i.e., defect control, phase engineering, and heterostructure design) of 2D materials for high‐performance MCBs are systematically described. Finally, the current research advances are briefly summarized and the confronting challenges and opportunities for future development of advanced MCB cathodes are proposed