Research progress in surface plasmon resonance technology in exosome characterization and identification

Exosomes are lipid bilayer membrane vesicles that are widely distributed in peripheral blood， saliva， urine， ascites and other fluids. A variety of tumor-related genes in exosomes are involved in the information exchange between cancer cells and normal cells， as well as the process of tumor cell proliferation and metastasis， play an important role in tumor development， and are potential biomarkers for tumor liquid biopsy. In recent years， surface plasmon resonance （SPR） is considered to have great application potential in the characterization of exosomes due to its high sensitivity， small sample size required for testing， short detection time and low background interference， etc. In this article， the basic principle of SPR and the application prospect of SPR-based biosensing platform in exosomes characterization were mainly illustrated

Distinct gut bacterial composition in Anoplophora glabripennis reared on two host plants

Anoplophora glabripennis (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Lamiinae) is an invasive wood borer pest that has caused considerable damage to forests. Gut bacteria are of great importance in the biology and ecology of herbivores, especially in growth and adaptation; however, change in the gut bacterial community of this pest feeding on different hosts is largely unknown. In this study, we investigated the gut bacterial communities of A. glabripennis larvae fed on different preferred hosts, Salix matsudana and Ulmus pumila, using 16S rDNA high-throughput sequencing technology. A total of 15 phyla, 25 classes, 65 orders, 114 families, 188 genera, and 170 species were annotated in the gut of A. glabripennis larvae fed on S. matsudana or U. pumila using a 97% similarity cutoff level. The dominant phyla were Firmicutes and Proteobacteria and the core dominant genera were Enterococcus, Gibbsiella, Citrobacter, Enterobacter, and Klebsiella. There was significantly higher alpha diversity in the U. pumila group than in the S. matsudana group, and principal co-ordinate analysis showed significant differences in gut bacterial communities between the two groups. The genera with significant abundance differences between the two groups were Gibbsiella, Enterobacter, Leuconostoc, Rhodobacter, TM7a, norank, Rhodobacter, and Aurantisolimonas, indicating that the abundance of larval gut bacteria was affected by feeding on different hosts. Further network diagrams showed that the complexity of the network structure and the modularity were higher in the U. pumila group than in the S. matsudana group, suggesting more diverse gut bacteria in the U. pumila group. The dominant role of most gut microbiota was related to fermentation and chemoheterotrophy, and specific OTUs positively correlated with different functions were reported. Our study provides an essential resource for the gut bacteria functional study of A. glabripennis associated with host diet

Depression and health outcomes: An umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses of observational studies

BACKGROUND: Currently, most studies of depression are limited to a single disease endpoint. AIMS: This study aimed to conduct an umbrella review to comprehensively assess the association between depression and health outcomes. METHOD: Until December 17, 2024, we conducted a systematic search of systematic reviews and meta-analyses in PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science. We reanalyzed the summary effects and 95% confidence intervals for each study using random models. We assessed the methodological quality and evidence quality of the research with A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews 2 and Grade of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation, classifying studies into four categories based on evidence classification criteria. RESULTS: We selected a total of 72 articles from 27,150 resulting in 114 meta-analyses and 109 health outcomes. Depression exposure was associated with 23 mortality, 21 cardiovascular outcomes, 15 offspring outcomes, 9cancer outcomes, 9 neurological outcomes, 5 endocrine outcomes, 5 dental outcomes, 3 digestive outcomes, and 19 other health outcomes. Moderate-quality evidence linked depression to specific mortality in bladder cancer (Class IV), all-cause mortality in myocardial infarction (Class III), mortality within 2 years of initial assessment in coronary artery disease (Class IV), major adverse cardiovascular events after percutaneous coronary intervention (Class III), irritable bowel syndrome (insignificant), fear of falling (Class III), and frailty (Class III). CONCLUSIONS: Depression has a significant impact on health outcomes, primarily mortality and cardiovascular outcomes. However, more definitive conclusions still require randomized controlled trials or prospective studies for validation

G2019S LRRK2 Increases Stress Susceptibility Through Inhibition of DAF-16 Nuclear Translocation in a 14-3-3 Associated-Manner in Caenorhabditis elegans

Mutations in leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) are common causes of familial Parkinson’s disease (PD). Oxidative stress plays a key role in the pathogenesis of PD. Mutations in LRRK2 have been shown to increase susceptibility to oxidative stress. To explore mechanisms underlying susceptibility to oxidative stress in LRRK2 mutants, we generated stable Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) strains in which human LRRK2 proteins including wild type LRRK2 (WT), G2019S LRRK2 (G2019S), and G2019S-D1994A kinase-dead LRRK2 (KD) were expressed in all neurons. Human 14-3-3 β was injected into LRRK2 transgenic worms to allow co-expression of 14-3-3 β and LRRK2 proteins. We found that G2019S transgenic worms had increased sensitivity to stress (heat and juglone treatment) and impaired stress-induced nuclear translocation of DAF-16. In addition, G2019S inhibited ftt2 (a 14-3-3 gene homolog in C. elegans) knockdown-associated nuclear translocation of DAF-16. Comparably, overexpression of human 14-3-3 β could attenuate G2019S-associated toxicity in response to stress and rescued G2019S-mediated inhibition of sod-3 and dod-3 expression. Taken together, our study provides evidence suggesting that 14-3-3-associated inhibition of DAF-16 nuclear translocation could be a mechanism for G2019S LRRK2-induced oxidative stress and cellular toxicity. Our findings may give a hint that the potential of 14-3-3 proteins as neuroprotective targets in PD patients carrying LRRK2 mutations

Iron-catalyzed oxidative sp³ carbon–hydrogen bond functionalization of 3,4-dihydro-1,4-benzoxazin-2-ones

Iron-catalyzed sp3 C–H bond functionalization of benzoxazinones has been developed and applied for the synthesis of natural product cephalandole A.</p

Design of NB-IoT smoke sensing terminal based on photovoltaic and supercapacitor power supply

Abstract The common smoke detection terminal designed for fire detection is mainly based on wireless communication technology and sensor technology. With the development and application of 5G technology in recent years, the Internet of Everything will become a historical inevitability. Compared with the traditional wireless networking technology, the application of NB-IoT technology can greatly reduce the power consumption and cost of the equipment, and also increase the service life of the equipment. Under the background of more and more mature communication network technology in the future, how to make the equipment more durable and lower power consumption has become one of the key issues to improve the performance of the equipment. Therefore, the power equipment charging with polycrystalline silicon photovoltaic cells and storing energy with supercapacitors can supply energy for the detection equipment continuously. The photovoltaic charging circuit uses the variable step length conductance increment method to track the maximum power point to improve the utilization rate of solar energy. As a communication technology, narrow-band IoT can reduce more power consumption. The narrow-band bandwidth allows devices to be widely placed in a fixed area. Under the premise of realizing the functional requirements, the principle of hardware and software design is mainly to realize the low power consumption in all aspects, and the design of the upper computer is mainly to realize the real-time understanding of the detection equipment.</jats:p