2,2′-(p-Phenyl­enedithio)diacetic acid

The complete molecule of the title compound, C10H10O4S2, is generated by a crystallographic inversion centre. In the crystal, mol­ecules are linked into a one-dimensional chain by inter­molecular O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds

The power and statistical behaviour of allele-sharing statistics when applied to models with two disease loci

We have evaluated the power for detecting a common trait determined by two loci, using seven statistics, of which five are implemented in the computer program SimWalk2, and two are implemented in GENEHUNTER. Unlike most previous reports which involve evaluations of the power of allele-sharing statistics for a single disease locus, we have used a simulated data set of general pedigrees in which a two-locus disease is segregating and evaluated several nonparametric linkage statistics implemented in the two programs. We found that the power for detecting linkage using the S(all) statistic in GENEHUNTER (GH, version 2.1), implemented as statistic E in SimWalk2 (version 2.82), is different in the two. The P values associated with statistic E output by SimWalk2 are consistently more conservative than those from GENEHUNTER except when the underlying model includes heterogeneity at a level of 50% where the P values output are very comparable. On the other hand, when the thresholds are determined empirically under the null hypothesis, S(all) in GENEHUNTER and statistic E have similar powe

Therapeutic Applications of Herbal Medicines for Cancer Patients

Medicinal herbs and their derivative phytocompounds are being increasingly recognized as useful complementary treatments for cancer. A large volume of clinical studies have reported the beneficial effects of herbal medicines on the survival, immune modulation, and quality of life (QOL) of cancer patients, when these herbal medicines are used in combination with conventional therapeutics. Here, we briefly review some examples of clinical studies that investigated the use of herbal medicines for various cancers and the development of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in this emerging research area. In addition, we also report recent studies on the biochemical and cellular mechanisms of herbal medicines in specific tumor microenvironments and the potential application of specific phytochemicals in cell-based cancer vaccine systems. This review should provide useful technological support for evidence-based application of herbal medicines in cancer therapy

Aqua­chlorido{1-[1-(4-hydroxy­phen­yl)-1H-tetra­zol-5-ylsulfan­yl]acetato}(methanol)(1,10-phenanthroline)manganese(II)

The title complex, [Mn(C9H7N4O3S)Cl(C12H8N2)(CH4O)(H2O)], contains an MnII ion six-coordinated by one O atom from the 2-[1-(4-hydroxy­phen­yl)-1H-tetra­zol-5-ylsulfan­yl]­acetate ligand, two N atoms from a chelating 1,10-phenanthroline ligand, one O atom from a methanol mol­ecule, one Cl atom and one water mol­ecule in a distorted octa­hedral coordination geometry. The existence of O—H⋯Cl, O—H⋯N and O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds further produces a two-dimensional structure