3-Penta­none 2,4-dinitro­phenyl­hydrazone

Crystals of the title compound, C11H14N4O4, were obtained from a condensation reaction of 2,4-dinitro­phenyl­hydrazine and 3-penta­none. In the crystal structure, the mol­ecule, except one methyl group, displays a nearly planar structure. The imino group links to the adjacent nitro group via intra­molecular hydrogen bonding. The partially overlapped arrangement and face-to-face separation of 3.410 (9) Å between parallel benzene rings indicate the existence of π–π stacking between adjacent mol­ecules. The crystal structure also contains weak inter­molecular C—H⋯O hydrogen bonding

Theoretical study of the synthesis of superheavy nuclei with Z= 119 and 120 in heavy-ion reactions with trans-uranium targets

By using a newly developed di-nuclear system model with a dynamical potential energy surface---the DNS-DyPES model, hot fusion reactions for synthesizing superheavy nuclei (SHN) with the charge number Z = 112-120 are studied. The calculated evaporation residue cross sections are in good agreement with available data. In the reaction 50Ti+249Bk -> (299-x)119 + xn, the maximal evaporation residue (ER) cross section is found to be about 0.11 pb for the 4n-emission channel. For projectile-target combinations producing SHN with Z=120, the ER cross section increases with the mass asymmetry in the incident channel increasing. The maximal ER cross sections for 58Fe+244Pu and 54Cr + 248Cm are relatively small (less than 0.01 pb) and those for 50Ti+249Cf and 50Ti+251Cf are about 0.05 and 0.25 pb, respectively.Comment: 6 pages, 5 figures; Phys. Rev. C, in pres

Selenium in the Prevention and Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: From Biomedical Investigation to Clinical Application

Selenium is a micronutrient that had been suggested to reduce the risk of cancer. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), a prevalent disease and one of the most lethal cancers in the world, awaits new alternative treatment strategies to improve patients’ survival. As an essential trace element, selenium has been studied for its anticancer properties in both oxidative stress and inflammatory-related mechanisms that may contribute to HCC growth and metastasis. In recent decades, increasing studies have investigated the potential role of selenium in liver cancer involving several major cancer-associated signaling pathways, metabolic pathways, and antioxidant defense systems both in vitro and in preclinical models. It was also observed that there was an increase in the trend of development of novel selenium nanoparticles and selenium-containing inhibitors aiming to improve the therapeutic efficacy and relative potency of selenium. However, controversies remain with whether a relationship exists between serum selenium level and HCC risk. This chapter aims to summarize the multi-target and multi-pathway in vitro and in vivo pharmacological effects of selenium in HCC, to provide a more comprehensive view and to highlight the recently discovered molecular mechanisms We hope this chapter could outline the correlation of selenium level and the risk of HCC in patients and discuss the clinical application of selenium in HCC prevention and treatment

Allosteric p97 inhibitors can overcome resistance to ATP-competitive p97 inhibitors for potential anti-cancer therapy

A major challenge of targeted cancer therapy is the selection for drug‐resistant mutations in tumor cells leading to loss of treatment effectiveness. p97/VCP is a central regulator of protein homeostasis and a promising anti‐cancer target because of its vital role in cell growth and survival. One ATP‐competitive p97 inhibitor, CB‐5083, has entered clinical trials. Selective pressure on HCT116 cells treated with CB‐5083 identified 5 different resistant mutants. Identification of p97 inhibitors with different mechanisms of action would offer the potential to overcome this class of resistance mutations. Our results demonstrate that two CB‐5083 resistant p97 mutants, N660K and T688A, were also resistant to several other ATP‐competitive p97 inhibitors, whereas inhibition by two allosteric p97 inhibitors NMS‐873 and UPCDC‐30245 were unaffected by these mutations. We also established a CB‐5083 resistant cell line that harbors a new p97 double mutation (D649A/T688A). While CB‐5083, NMS‐873, and UPCDC‐30245 all effectively inhibited proliferation of the parental HCT116 cell line, NMS‐873 and UPCDC‐30245 were 30‐fold more potent than CB‐5083 in inhibiting the CB‐5083 resistant D649A/T688A double mutant. Our results suggest that allosteric p97 inhibitors are promising alternatives when resistance to ATP‐competitive p97 inhibitors arises during anti‐cancer treatment

Detonation Output Properties of D-shape Structure

The detonation wave propagation and output properties have been analyzed for D-shape structure. Four initiation modes were designed to compare wavefront profiles and output pressure distribution. Simulation results show that three-array-nine-point initiation mode (Mode-III) brings about the most match-up wave front for D-shape structure. Detonation output properties have great influence on fragment ejection velocity and distribution density. The statistical results reveal that fragment parameters of Mode-III are the largest. Compared with Mode-III, the kinetic energies of other three modes decrease by 31.6 per cent, 19.6 per cent, 4.5 per cent, respectively. The computational values and normal curve of fragments distribution are obtained. From these analyses, it can be concluded that initiation mode has great influence on output parameters of fragments. With the optimal initiation Mode-III, ideal hitting angle should be within the range of -10° to 10°, the probability of distribution density would be close to 70 per cent.Defence Science Journal, Vol. 64, No. 5, September 2014, pp.484-489, DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.14429/dsj.64.474

Valley-dependent gauge fields for ultracold atoms in square optical superlattices

We propose an experimental scheme to realize the valley-dependent gauge fields for ultracold fermionic atoms trapped in a state-dependent square optical lattice. Our scheme relies on two sets of Raman laser beams to engineer the hopping between adjacent sites populated by two-component fermionic atoms. One set of Raman beams are used to realize a staggered \pi-flux lattice, where low energy atoms near two inequivalent Dirac points should be described by the Dirac equation for spin-1/2 particles. Another set of laser beams with proper Rabi frequencies are added to further modulate the atomic hopping parameters. The hopping modulation will give rise to effective gauge potentials with opposite signs near the two valleys, mimicking the interesting strain-induced pseudo-gauge fields in graphene. The proposed valley-dependent gauge fields are tunable and provide a new route to realize quantum valley Hall effects and atomic valleytronics.Comment: 5+ pages, 2 figures; language polished, references and discussions added; accepted by PR