A study of Multistage/Multifunction Column for Fine Coal Cleaning CRADA PC93-005, Final Report

The overall objective of the this research project is to explore the potential applicability of a multistage column for fine coal cleaning and other applications in fluid particle separation. The research work identifies the design parameters and their effects on the performance of the separation device. The results of this study provide an engineering data basis for further development of this technology in coal cleaning and in general areas of fluid and particle separations

Lie Symmetry Analysis, Exact Solutions, and Conservation Laws of Variable-Coefficients Boiti-Leon-Pempinelli Equation

In this article, we study the generalized (2+1)-dimensional variable-coefficients Boiti-Leon-Pempinelli (vcBLP) equation. Using Lie’s invariance infinitesimal criterion, equivalence transformations and differential invariants are derived. Applying differential invariants to construct an explicit transformation that makes vcBLP transform to the constant coefficient form, then transform to the well-known Burgers equation. The infinitesimal generators of vcBLP are obtained using the Lie group method; then, the optimal system of one-dimensional subalgebras is determined. According to the optimal system, the (1+1)-dimensional reduced partial differential equations (PDEs) are obtained by similarity reductions. Through G′/G-expansion method leads to exact solutions of vcBLP and plots the corresponding 3-dimensional figures. Subsequently, the conservation laws of vcBLP are determined using the multiplier method

High-Frequency Electromagnetic Interference Diagnostics

Electromagnetic interference (EMI) is becoming more troublesome in modern electronic systems due to the continuous increase of communication data rates. This chapter reviews some new methodologies for high-frequency EMI diagnostics in recent researches. Optical modules, as a typical type of gigahertz radiator, are studied in this chapter. First, the dominant radiation modules and EMI coupling paths in an explicit optical module are analyzed using simulation and measurement techniques. Correspondingly, practical mitigation approaches are proposed to suppress the radiation in real product applications. Moreover, an emission source microscopy (ESM) method, which can rapidly localize far-field radiators, is applied to diagnose multiple optical modules and identify the dominant sources. Finally, when numerous optical modules work simultaneously in a large network router, a formula based on statistical analysis can estimate the maximum far-field emission and the probability of passing electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) regulations. This chapter reviews a systematic procedure for EMI diagnostics at high frequencies, including EMI coupling path analysis and mitigation, emission source localization, and radiation estimation using statistical analysis

FATIGUE LIFE ANALYSIS OF WING WITH HIGH ASPECT RATIO BASED ON BIDIRECTIONAL FLUID-STRUCTURE COUPLING

Based on the Miner linear cumulative damage theory and the finite element analysis method, the fatigue life of the wing with high aspect ratio at different angles of attack was calculated.Firstly, based on the N-S equation, the displacement, stress and strain of the wing structure in cruise state are solved by using the bidirectional fluid-structure coupling method.Secondly, the fatigue life of the wing structure is analyzed, and the fatigue life of the wing structure at the weak position and different angles of attack is obtained.The results show that the fatigue weakness of the wing with high aspect ratio tends to occur at the leading edge and the wing root, and the life of the leading edge increases from the wing tip to the wing root along the wing span.The life of the wing is closely related to the change of Angle of attack and airfoil parameters, and there is generally a maximum life Angle of attack under a given flight condition

Laboratory markers to identify acute histological chorioamnionitis in febrile parturients undergoing epidural analgesia: a retrospective study

Abstract Background This study aimed to investigate the effect of the pathological staging of acute histological chorioamnionitis (HCA) on laboratory indicators and to conduct further studies to reassess the threshold values used by clinicians to identify acute HCA in febrile parturients undergoing epidural analgesia. Methods A retrospective study of febrile mothers receiving epidural analgesia at Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital from January 1, 2018 to December 31, 2018. The participants were grouped by the progression of acute HCA, and the laboratory parameters were compared between groups. The ability of C-reactive protein (CRP), neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), monocyte-lymphocyte ratio (MLR), and monocyte-leukocyte ratio (M%), alone or in combination, to identify acute HCA in febrile parturients undergoing epidural analgesia was assessed using logistic regression and ROC curves. Results The area under the curve (AUC) of the best logistic regression model predicting HCA climbed to 0.706 (CRP + MLR). Maternal CRP, NLR, and MLR significantly and progressively increased with the progression of acute HCA (p < 0.0001). Based on the ROC curves, the following thresholds were selected to define increased laboratory indicators for identifying acute HCA: CRP ≥ 6.90 mg/L, NLR ≥ 11.93, and MLR ≥ 0.57. In addition, the AUC of the best logistic regression model predicting HCA ≥ stage 2 was 0.710, so these inflammatory markers were more precise in predicting HCA ≥ stage 2. Conclusion Increased CRP (≥ 6.90 mg/L), NLR (≥ 11.93), and MLR (≥ 0.57) may help clinicians to identify early potential acute HCA in febrile parturients receiving epidural analgesia and to monitor progression to optimize clinical treatment options. Trial registration The study was registered in the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry on November 24, 2021 ( http://www.chictr.org.cn , ChiCTR2100053554)

Evaluation of the Wind Field and Deposition Effect of a Novel Air-Assisted Strawberry Sprayer

Strawberry is a widely cultivated cash crop in China. In order to control pests and diseases on strawberries, there must be sufficient deposits on the abaxial surfaces of the leaves. Air-assisted technology can effectively increase the deposition on the abaxial surfaces of the leaves; however, most air-assisted equipment is not suitable for application due to the pattern of strawberry planting. Therefore, a novel air-assisted strawberry sprayer was developed, the static and dynamic wind fields were measured using a 3D anemometer, and the effectiveness of the application at different spray angles and wind speeds was evaluated. In addition, a comparison of the deposition effect in the strawberry canopy between the air-assisted strawberry sprayer, knapsack sprayer, and spray gun was conducted. The results showed that in the static wind field test, a difference between the center and edge wind fields was obtained, which was correlated with the distance and the outlet wind speed. In the dynamic wind field test, the wind field was found to be rolling backward during the movement, and an inward vortex was obtained. In the field, the data showed that a spray angle of 30° and a wind speed of 16 m·s−1 had the best deposition on the abaxial surface, with a coverage of 36.5% and 38.3% in the upper canopy and 6.2% and 7.9% in the lower canopy, respectively. Moreover, the air-assisted strawberry sprayer was found to have a higher deposition efficiency on abaxial surfaces than the knapsack sprayer and spray gun at a lower spray volume, the values of which in the upper and lower canopies were 42.8% and 29.7%, respectively. In conclusion, the air-assisted strawberry sprayer has the potential for the crop protection of greenhouse strawberries, and more evaluations are needed to improve the sprayer in the future

A High-Speed Demodulation Technology of Fiber Optic Extrinsic Fabry-Perot Interferometric Sensor Based on Coarse Spectrum

A fast real-time demodulation method based on the coarsely sampled spectrum is proposed for transient signals of fiber optic extrinsic Fabry-Perot interferometers (EFPI) sensors. The feasibility of phase demodulation using a coarse spectrum is theoretically analyzed. Based on the coarse spectrum, fast Fourier transform (FFT) algorithm is used to roughly estimate the cavity length. According to the rough estimation, the maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) algorithm is applied to calculate the cavity length accurately. The dense wavelength division multiplexer (DWDM) is used to split the broadband spectrum into the coarse spectrum, and the high-speed synchronous ADC collects the spectrum. The experimental results show that the system can achieve a real-time dynamic demodulation speed of 50 kHz, a static measurement root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.184 nm, and a maximum absolute and relative error distribution of 15 nm and 0.005% of the measurement cavity length compared with optical spectrum analyzers (OSA)

Effects of high-intensity focused ultrasound combined with levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system on patients with adenomyosis

Abstract It is very important to treat adenomyosis which may cause infertility, menorrhagia, and dysmenorrhea for women at the reproductive age. High-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) is effective in destroying target tumor tissues without damaging the path of the ultrasound beam and surrounding normal tissues. The levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system (LN-IUS) is a medical system which is inserted into the uterine to provide medicinal treatment for temporary control of the symptoms caused by adenomyosis. This study was to investigate the effect of HIFU combined with the LN-IUS on adenomyosis. In the HIFU treatment, the parameters of the ultrasound were transmission frequency 0.8 MHz and input power 50–400 W (350 ± 30), and the temperature in the target tissue under these conditions would reach 60–100 °C (85 °C ± 6.3 °C). Size reduction and blood flow signal decrease were used to assess the effect of combined treatment. In this study, 131 patients with adenomyosis treated with HIFU combined with LN-IUS were retrospectively enrolled. The clinical and follow-up data were analyzed. After treatment, the volume of the uterine lesion was significantly decreased with an effective rate of 72.1%, and the adenomyosis blood flow signals were significantly reduced, with an effective rate of 71.3%. At six months, the menstrual cycle was significantly (P < 0.05) decreased from 31.4 ± 3.5 days before treatment to 28.6 ± 1.9 days, the menstrual period was significantly shortened from 7.9 ± 1.2 days before HIFU to 6.5 ± 1.3 days, and the menstrual volume was significantly (P < 0.05) decreased from 100 to 49% ± 13%. The serum hemoglobin significantly (P < 0.05) increased from 90.8 ± 6.2 g/L before treatment to 121.6 ± 10.8 g/L at six months for patients with anemia. Among seventy-two (92.3%) patients who finished the six-month follow-up, sixty-five (90.3%) patients had the dysmenorrhea completely relieved, and the other seven (9.7%) patients had only slight dysmenorrhea which did not affect their daily life. Adverse events occurred in 24 (18.3%) patients without causing severe consequences, including skin burns in two (1.5%) patients, skin swelling in four (3.1%), mild lower abdominal pain and low fever in 15 (11.5%), and subcutaneous induration in three (2.3%). Six months after treatment, no other serious side effects occurred in any patients with follow-up. In conclusions, the use of high-intensity focused ultrasound combined with the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system for the treatment of adenomyosis is safe and effective even though the long-term effect remains to be confirmed