TRASPLANTE SIMULTÿNEO DE PANCREAS-RIÿÿN. CONCEPTOS ACTUALES Y EXPERIENCIA EN CLÿNICA LAS CONDES

RESUMENEl trasplante de páncreas-riñón (TPR) para pacientes portadores de diabetes mellitus tipo 1 (DM1) con insuficiencia renal crónica terminal, ha demostrado ser una terapia eficaz para alcanzar el estado de normoglicemia de manera estable, con la consecuente disminución de las complicaciones crónicas de la DM y mejoría de la expectativa y calidad de vida. Actualmente, en casos seleccionados, se ha planteado el trasplante de páncreas (TP) como una alternativa para los pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM2) considerando la diferencia entre los pacientes del tipo 1 y 2. Si bien es menos frecuente en la experiencia mundial, trasplantar pacientes con DM2 demuestra cifras alentadoras y comparables con el TP en enfermos portadores de DM1. En general, pacientes que desarrollan enfermedad renal terminal secundaria a diabetes 1 o 2 que requieren insulina, no obesos, deben ser considerados para el trasplante de páncreas con riñón simultáneo o secuencial. Clínica Las Condes es la de mayor experiencia en Chile, con resultados muy comparables a centros de gran importancia a nivel internacional.ObjetivoDar a conocer la situación actual del trasplante de páncreas y sus modalidades en el mundo y mostrar la experiencia en TPR en Clínica Las Condes en la sobrevida de los pacientes, de injerto de páncreas e injerto de riñón en 10 años y sus complicaciones, además de las técnicas quirúrgicas realizadas.MétodoSe recolectó la información de 16 pacientes sometidos a trasplante páncreas-riñón en Clínica Las Condes entre 1994-2014, analizando las variables con estadística descriptiva.ResultadosDe los 16 enfermos, 9 de ellos fueron hombres, la edad promedio fue 38,7 años al momento del trasplante, el tiempo promedio de diabetes fue 23,5+/-7.3 años. Todos los injertos pancreáticos fueron anastomosados a los vasos ilíacos comunes derechos en forma término-terminal y el duodeno fue anastomosado en 8 casos a la vejiga y en los últimos 8 al íleon. La sobrevida de los pacientes a 10 años fue del 81%, del injerto de páncreas el 82% y del injerto renal el 65%. La complicación post operatoria más importante fue sepsis, causando la muerte en 2 pacientes. Y entre las complicaciones de tipo inmunológico, 8 pacientes presentaron rechazo agudo, siendo manejados con terapia esteroidal de rescate o timo globulina.SUMMARYCombined kidney pancreas trasplant (PKT) in diabetes mellitus type 1 (DM1) patients with end stage renal disease, has proven to be an effective therapy to reach normoglicemia stability, with the consequent reduction of diabetes chronic complications an improvement in life expectancy and Quality of Life. Currently in selected cases of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) patients with terminal nephropathy it has been proposed pancreas transplantation (PT) as an effective alternative. The results have been comparable between DM1 and DM2 patients. Patients who develop end stage renal disease secondary to type 1 or 2 DM, insulin dependent, non obese, should be considered for PKT. Clínica Las Condes has one of the mayor experience in Chile, in PKT, with comparable results to centers of great importance of International Level.ObjectiveTo show the situation of Pancreas Transplantation and its different modalities in the world. Also to show the experience in PKT at Clinica Las Condes, in 10 years patient's survival, in pancreas and kidney graft survival and complications and the surgical techniques.MethodInformation collected from 16 patients undergoing PKT at Clinica Las Condes between 1994-2014, analyzing the variables with descriptive statistics.ResultsOf the 16 patients, 9 were men, average age 38.7 years at transplant time; the average time of diabetes was 23.5+/-7.3 years. All pancreatic grafts were term-terminal to anastomosed the right iliac common vessels and duodenum was anastomosed is 8 cases to the bladder and in the last 8 to the ileum. Patient survival at 10 years was 81%, pancreatic graft 82% and 65% renal graft. The most relevant postoperative complication was sepsis, killing two patients. The immune complications were presented in eight patients. It was acute rejection, being managed with steroid therapy or thymoglobuline

Genetic characterization by amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers and morphochemical traits of Carica papaya L. genotypes

Carica papaya L. is a native fruit from Central America and Mexico and it is an economically important fruit. As a pre-breeding genetic study, the variability of both parents (L7 and M22) and the F1 individuals derived from their crosses (L7 × M22), was evaluated in terms of 32 morphochemical traits, and contrasted with their genetic diversity indicated by amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers. According to morphochemical traits, L7 and M22 were grouped in two different clades. The first group included L7 and 13 genotypes from the F1, while a second group included the parent M22 and 15 other genotypes from the F1 progeny. The analysis based on morphochemical traits showed an average correlation of 0.652 among genotypes. For AFLP analysis the combination of the primers E-ACA/M-CTA had the best polymorphic index (72.73%). When they were grouped based on AFLPs markers, it was confirmed that both parents are genetically distant, and they were again grouped in two different clades. Five genotypes from the F1 population were grouped in the same clade as L7 and shared 55% similarity. Twenty six genotypes were grouped in the same clade as M22, showing 63.3% similarity. Another 12 genotypes (mainly female genotypes) were grouped in a third independent clade. This relative general agreement between the grouping based on a large number of morphochemical traits (including both plant and fruit traits) and that based on its genetic diversity using AFLPs, suggests that morphochemical characterization, together with genetic analysis by AFLPs, can be complementary and useful techniques for the identification and assessment of genetic diversity within C. papaya L. genotypes, that should be useful for genetic breeding programs of this important species.Key words: Morphological markers, AFLP markers, genetic similarity, Carica papaya L

Proyectos de Integración profesional en despachos contables

El proyecto desarrollado trata de resolver uno de los problemas que tienen los despachos contables, específicamente los de auditoria respecto del traspaso de información de una persona a otra, lo que genera un retraso al momento de concluir el trabajo de auditoría. El proyecto buscó convencer a los despachos de implementar una plataforma en línea para optimizar el desempeño, eficiencia y rapidez dentro de la organización mejorando tanto la comunicación entre el auditor y el cliente como la productividad de los auditores.ITESO, A.C

The complete mitochondrial genome of the strawberry aphid Chaetosiphon fragaefolii Cockerell, 1901 (Hemiptera: Aphididae) from California, USA

The aphid Chaetosiphon fragaefolii Cockerell, 1901 is an agricultural pest and known vector of strawberry viruses. To better understand its biology and systematics, we performed a genomic analysis on C. fragaefolii collected from Quinalt strawberry plants from Pacific Grove, Monterey county, California, USA using Oxford Nanopore and Illumina sequencing. The resulting data were used to assemble the aphids complete mitogenome. The mitogenome of C. fragaefolii is 16,108 bp in length and contains 2 rRNA, 13 protein-coding, and 22 tRNA genes (GenBank accession number LC590896). The mitogenome is similar in content and organization to other Aphididae. Phylogenetic analysis of the C. fragaefolii mitogenome resolved it in a fully supported clade in the tribe Macrosiphini. Analysis of the cox1 barcode sequence of C. fragaefolii from California found exact and nearly identical sequences to C. fragaefolii and Chaetosiphon thomasi Hille Ris Lambers, 1953, suggesting the two species are conspecific

30-Day morbidity and mortality of bariatric metabolic surgery in adolescence during the COVID-19 pandemic – The GENEVA study

Background: Metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS) is an effective treatment for adolescents with severe obesity. Objectives: This study examined the safety of MBS in adolescents during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Methods: This was a global, multicentre and observational cohort study of MBS performed between May 01, 2020, and October 10,2020, in 68 centres from 24 countries. Data collection included in-hospital and 30-day COVID-19 and surgery-specific morbidity/mortality. Results: One hundred and seventy adolescent patients (mean age: 17.75 ± 1.30 years), mostly females (n = 122, 71.8%), underwent MBS during the study period. The mean pre-operative weight and body mass index were 122.16 ± 15.92 kg and 43.7 ± 7.11 kg/m2, respectively. Although majority of patients had pre-operative testing for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) (n = 146; 85.9%), only 42.4% (n = 72) of the patients were asked to self-isolate pre-operatively. Two patients developed symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection post-operatively (1.2%). The overall complication rate was 5.3% (n = 9). There was no mortality in this cohort. Conclusions: MBS in adolescents with obesity is safe during the COVID-19 pandemic when performed within the context of local precautionary procedures (such as pre-operative testing). The 30-day morbidity rates were similar to those reported pre-pandemic. These data will help facilitate the safe re-introduction of MBS services for this group of patients

30-Day Morbidity and Mortality of Bariatric Surgery During the COVID-19 Pandemic: a Multinational Cohort Study of 7704 Patients from 42 Countries.

BACKGROUND There are data on the safety of cancer surgery and the efficacy of preventive strategies on the prevention of postoperative symptomatic COVID-19 in these patients. But there is little such data for any elective surgery. The main objectives of this study were to examine the safety of bariatric surgery (BS) during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and to determine the efficacy of perioperative COVID-19 protective strategies on postoperative symptomatic COVID-19 rates. METHODS We conducted an international cohort study to determine all-cause and COVID-19-specific 30-day morbidity and mortality of BS performed between 01/05/2020 and 31/10/2020. RESULTS Four hundred ninety-nine surgeons from 185 centres in 42 countries provided data on 7704 patients. Elective primary BS (n = 7084) was associated with a 30-day morbidity of 6.76% (n = 479) and a 30-day mortality of 0.14% (n = 10). Emergency BS, revisional BS, insulin-treated type 2 diabetes, and untreated obstructive sleep apnoea were associated with increased complications on multivariable analysis. Forty-three patients developed symptomatic COVID-19 postoperatively, with a higher risk in non-whites. Preoperative self-isolation, preoperative testing for SARS-CoV-2, and surgery in institutions not concurrently treating COVID-19 patients did not reduce the incidence of postoperative COVID-19. Postoperative symptomatic COVID-19 was more likely if the surgery was performed during a COVID-19 peak in that country. CONCLUSIONS BS can be performed safely during the COVID-19 pandemic with appropriate perioperative protocols. There was no relationship between preoperative testing for COVID-19 and self-isolation with symptomatic postoperative COVID-19. The risk of postoperative COVID-19 risk was greater in non-whites or if BS was performed during a local peak