7,706 research outputs found
The Back-Door to Prison: Waiver Reform, Blended Sentencing, and the Law of Unintended Consequences
The Back-Door to Prison: Waiver Reform, Blended Sentencing, and the Law of Unintended Consequences
The Minnesota innovation, Extended Jurisdiction Juvenile Prosecution (EJJ), allowed judges simultaneously to impose a delinquency disposition and an adult criminal sentence, the execution of which the judge stayed pending successful completion of the delinquency sentence. Podkapacz and Feld analyze the implementation of Minnesota\u27s new EJJ blended sentencing law in Hennepin County, the largest metropolitan county in the state
Bayesian Surprise in Indoor Environments
This paper proposes a novel method to identify unexpected structures in 2D
floor plans using the concept of Bayesian Surprise. Taking into account that a
person's expectation is an important aspect of the perception of space, we
exploit the theory of Bayesian Surprise to robustly model expectation and thus
surprise in the context of building structures. We use Isovist Analysis, which
is a popular space syntax technique, to turn qualitative object attributes into
quantitative environmental information. Since isovists are location-specific
patterns of visibility, a sequence of isovists describes the spatial perception
during a movement along multiple points in space. We then use Bayesian Surprise
in a feature space consisting of these isovist readings. To demonstrate the
suitability of our approach, we take "snapshots" of an agent's local
environment to provide a short list of images that characterize a traversed
trajectory through a 2D indoor environment. Those fingerprints represent
surprising regions of a tour, characterize the traversed map and enable indoor
LBS to focus more on important regions. Given this idea, we propose to use
"surprise" as a new dimension of context in indoor location-based services
(LBS). Agents of LBS, such as mobile robots or non-player characters in
computer games, may use the context surprise to focus more on important regions
of a map for a better use or understanding of the floor plan.Comment: 10 pages, 16 figure
Calibration of second-order correlation functions for non-stationary sources with a multi-start multi-stop time-to-digital converter
A novel high-throughput second-order-correlation measurement system is
developed which records and makes use of all the arrival times of photons
detected at both start and stop detectors. This system is suitable particularly
for a light source having a high photon flux and a long coherence time since it
is more efficient than conventional methods by an amount equal to the product
of the count rate and the correlation time of the light source. We have used
this system in carefully investigating the dead time effects of detectors and
photon counters on the second-order correlation function in the two-detector
configuration. For a non-stationary light source, distortion of original signal
was observed at high photon flux. A systematic way of calibrating the
second-order correlation function has been devised by introducing a concept of
an effective dead time of the entire measurement system.Comment: 7 pages, 6 figure
Observation of sub-Poisson photon statistics in the cavity-QED microlaser
We have measured the second-order correlation function of the cavity-QED
microlaser output and observed a transition from photon bunching to
antibunching with increasing average number of intracavity atoms. The observed
correlation times and the transition from super- to sub-Poisson photon
statistics can be well described by gain-loss feedback or enhanced/reduced
restoring action against fluctuations in photon number in the context of a
quantum microlaser theory and a photon rate equation picture. However, the
theory predicts a degree of antibunching several times larger than that
observed, which may indicate the inadequacy of its treatment of atomic velocity
distributions.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure
Ultrahigh frequency oscillations and multimode dynamics in vertical cavity surface emitting lasers
Includes bibliographical references (page 187).We report the observation of ultrahigh frequency oscillations of up to 240 GHz in optically gain switched vertical cavity surface emitting lasers. These oscillations are shown to be produced by multimode emission through mode competition (10-30 GHz) or mode beating (above 100 GHz). Although these oscillations are not related to the intrinsic modulation bandwidth, some of them could be mistaken for relaxation oscillations, calling for careful interpretation of the results of this type of experiments. The highest frequencies observed for single mode relaxation oscillations were about 9 GHz in agreement with values of modulation bandwidth reported in the literature
The Back-Door to Prison: Waiver Reform, "Blended Sentencing," and the Law of Unintended Consequences
Transverse mode dynamics in vertical cavity surface emitting lasers excited by fast electrical pulses
Includes bibliographical references (page 592).We report measurements of the transient multimode dynamics of vertical cavity surface emittin glasers excited by short (100-200 ps rise times, 1 ns duration) electrical pulses. Fast changes on the spatial distribution of the output power and strong mode competition are observed. Numerical simulations show that the observed dynamics are due to the partial overlap of the different transverse modes through spatial hole burning
ATLAS silicon module assembly and qualification tests at IFIC Valencia
ATLAS experiment, designed to probe the interactions of particles emerging
out of proton proton collisions at energies of up to 14 TeV, will assume
operation at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN in 2007. This paper
discusses the assembly and the quality control tests of forward detector
modules for the ATLAS silicon microstrip detector assembled at the Instituto de
Fisica Corpuscular (IFIC) in Valencia. The construction and testing procedures
are outlined and the laboratory equipment is briefly described. Emphasis is
given on the module quality achieved in terms of mechanical and electrical
stability.Comment: 23 pages, 38 EPS figures, uses JINST LaTeX clas
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