The dynamics of currency substitution, asset substitution and de facto dollarization and euroization in transition countries

currency substitutioneconomic reform;externalities

Algorithmic Aspects of Minimum Energy Edge-Disjoint Paths in Wireless Networks

The problem of finding k minimum energy, edge-disjoint paths in wireless networks (MEEP) arises in the context of routing and belongs to the class of range assignment problems. A polynomial algorithm which guarantees a factor-k-approximation for this problem has been presented before, but its complexity status was open. In this paper we prove that MEEP is NP-hard and give new lower and upper bounds on the approximation factor of the k-approximation algorithm. For MEEP on acyclic graphs we introduce an exact, polynomial algorithm which is then extended to a heuristic for arbitrary graphs