Pediatric Response to Second-Line Antiretroviral Therapy in South Africa

Background: With improved access to pediatric antiretroviral therapy (ART) in resource-limited settings, more children could experience first-line ART treatment failure. Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort analysis using electronic medical records from HIV-infected children who initiated ART at McCord Hospital's Sinikithemba Clinic in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, from August 2003 to December 2010. We analyzed all records from children who began second-line ART due to first-line treatment failure. We used logistic regression to compare viral outcomes in Protease Inhibitor (PI)-based versus Non-Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor (NNRTI)-based second-line ART, controlling for time on first-line ART, sex, and whether HIV genotyping guided the regimen change. Results: Of the 880 children who initiated ART during this time period, 80 (9.1%) switched to second-line ART due to therapeutic failure of first-line ART after a median of 95 weeks (IQR 65–147 weeks). Eight (10%) of the failures received NNRTI-based second-line ART, all of whom failed a PI-based first-line regimen. Seventy (87.5%) received PI-based second-line ART, all of whom failed a NNRTI-based first-line regimen. Two children (2.5%) received non-standard dual therapy as second-line ART. Six months after switching ART regimens, the viral suppression rate was significantly higher in the PI group (82%) than in the NNRTI group (29%; p = 0.003). Forty-one children (51%) were tested for genotypic resistance prior to switching to second-line ART. There was no significant difference in six month viral suppression (p = 0.38) between children with and without genotype testing. Conclusion: NNRTI-based second-line ART carries a high risk of virologic failure compared to PI-based second-line ART

Internationalising the Curriculum for Hospitality and Tourism Students through Language Integration

This paper seeks to explore the internationalisation of the curriculum, firstly in its broadest sense, secondly within the context of a TU4D and finally through the presentation and review of a practice-based research project carried out among students of Hospitality and Tourism Studies in the Institute of Technology Tallaght. The project was driven by two related but separate motivations which are mirrored by the background of the contributors outlined below. On the one hand we have the linguist’s motivation which stems from a desire to make students at IT Tallaght not only more competent in their spoken language skills but also more engaged with the language through the affirmation that their language skills can be particularly useful in an international environment. On the other hand, we have the industry practitioner’s motivation which originates in a desire for students to become outward looking in terms of their skills development and a recognition that such skills are most useful when considered in terms of global employability

Language Integration into Gastronomic Education: A Revolutionary Approach?

In an increasingly globalised world, hospitality and culinary arts educators seek to further internationalise the curriculum in an effort to better prepare graduates to work and live in a rapidly changing and intercultural workplace. Jane Knight’s commonly accepted working definition for internationalization is ‘the intentional process of integrating an international, intercultural or global dimension into the purpose, functions and delivery of post-secondary education, in order to enhance the quality of education and research for all students and staff, and to make a meaningful contribution to society’ (Knight, 2003). One of the main barriers to increased internationalisation in the epicurean world is that of language proficiency levels and the nature of teaching and learning engagement. Traditionally hospitality and culinary arts students have often had some difficulty accepting the relevance of modern languages despite the historic role that the language has played in gastronomic discourse down through the centuries. This paper explores a pilot initiative carried out among students on the Wine and Beverage Studies module of a BA programme in International Hospitality and Tourism Management. Students registered on this programme choose to study a language and in year three participate in an internship period abroad. Anecdotally some students in the past have perceived the study of language as something ‘apart’ from their core area of study. While these students are not language students, the pilot had as its objective to better integrate the language component into the core practical area of wine and beverage studies. The aim was to enhance the experience and ultimately improve performance while at the same time making the language more relevant to the student’s learning. As part of the pilot, language lecturers liaised with the programme team involved with delivering of core vocational modules. They designed lesson plans, and co-delivered parts of the module. Our language specialists were asked to leave the language laboratory behind and move into Real Work Environment (RWE) of the training bar and restaurant. This paper presents the qualitative and quantitative findings of this pilot initiative

The Grizzly, March 1, 1985

Students Recapture Bear • Road Crews Close Route 29 • Future of Greeks Depends Upon Pledging • Letters: Softball Team Wants Recognition; Inconsiderate Students Annoy Peers; Students Must Grow Up • Springsteen Wins His First Grammy • A Passage to India Deserves a Ten Rating • Van Morrison Comes Back • Profile: Local Man Leads Different Sort of Life • Campus Priest Popular with Students • Men\u27s Track Goes to MAC\u27s • Choir, Orchestra to Perform Handel • Scenes From the Show • Nobel Prize Winner to Speak Tuesday • Fraternity Pledging Underwayhttps://digitalcommons.ursinus.edu/grizzlynews/1135/thumbnail.jp

The Grizzly, February 1, 1985

Ursinus Dodges Enrollment Drought • USGA Candidate Petitions Due • Letter: Spanish Prof Encounters Alumnus • New Fogerty Album a Hit • The Beat Goes Public • pro Theatre • Swimmin\u27 Women Boost Record to 3-2 • Grapplers Win 6, Lose 1 • Injured Matman Won\u27t Quit • Mers and Vers Compete During Break • Men\u27s B-ball Defeat Moravian • Lady Bears Trying to Pull Out of Slump • Chinese Star Talks to Bootershttps://digitalcommons.ursinus.edu/grizzlynews/1131/thumbnail.jp

The Grizzly, October 12, 1984

Students and Administrators Disagree on Effectiveness of Existing Alcohol Policies • Former Economics Chairman Now ACE Fellow • Twisted Sister and the State of Modern Youth Dissidence • News of Yesteryear: War Brings Feminine Touch to Freeland Hall • UC Welcomes Three Foreign Students • Gridders Handle Hopkins • Off-Campus Entertainment: Pulsations! • Shorts: Ferguson Concert; Thurber Carnival; Trivia-thon Scheduled • New Faculty: Math Welcomes Shaw • Some Keystone Factshttps://digitalcommons.ursinus.edu/grizzlynews/1124/thumbnail.jp