(In)voluntary entrepreneurs. A study of tradition usage as a departure for rural entrepreneurship

People from Kenozerje ceased to be citizens of the Soviet state on December 26, 1991, and two days later received a citizenship of the Kenozersky National Park, a new incredible country stretched on the borders of the Arkhangelsk region in Russia. The Park uses traditions established on its territory as a departure for activities and constructing an everyday life in Kenozerje. The Park is constantly facing the dilemmas – how to preserve local culture and how to involve people into handling and initiating projects in Kenozerje

Synthesis and X‑ray Crystallography of [Mg(H₂O)₆][AnO₂(C₂H₅COO)₃]₂ (An = U, Np, or Pu)

Synthesis and X-ray crystallography of single crystals of [Mg­(H₂O)₆]­[AnO₂(C₂H₅COO)₃]₂, where An = U (<b>I</b>), Np (<b>II</b>), or Pu (<b>III</b>), are reported. Compounds <b>I</b>–<b>III</b> are isostructural and crystallize in the trigonal crystal system. The structures of <b>I</b>–<b>III</b> are built of hydrated magnesium cations [Mg­(H₂O)₆]²⁺ and mononuclear [AnO₂(C₂H₅COO)₃]⁻ complexes, which belong to the AB⁰¹₃ crystallochemical group of uranyl complexes (A = AnO₂²⁺, B⁰¹ = C₂H₅COO^–). Peculiarities of intermolecular interactions in the structures of [Mg­(H₂O)₆]­[UO₂(L)₃]₂ complexes depending on the carboxylate ion L (acetate, propionate, or <i>n</i>-butyrate) are investigated using the method of molecular Voronoi–Dirichlet polyhedra. Actinide contraction in the series of U­(VI)–Np­(VI)–Pu­(VI) in compounds <b>I</b>–<b>III</b> is reflected in a decrease in the mean AnO bond lengths and in the volume and sphericity degree of Voronoi–Dirichlet polyhedra of An atoms

Reconstruction of interactions in the ProtoDUNE-SP detector with Pandora

International audienceThe Pandora Software Development Kit and algorithm libraries provide pattern-recognition logic essential to the reconstruction of particle interactions in liquid argon time projection chamber detectors. Pandora is the primary event reconstruction software used at ProtoDUNE-SP, a prototype for the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment far detector. ProtoDUNE-SP, located at CERN, is exposed to a charged-particle test beam. This paper gives an overview of the Pandora reconstruction algorithms and how they have been tailored for use at ProtoDUNE-SP. In complex events with numerous cosmic-ray and beam background particles, the simulated reconstruction and identification efficiency for triggered test-beam particles is above 80% for the majority of particle type and beam momentum combinations. Specifically, simulated 1 GeV/$c$ charged pions and protons are correctly reconstructed and identified with efficiencies of 86.1$\pm0.6$% and 84.1$\pm0.6$%, respectively. The efficiencies measured for test-beam data are shown to be within 5% of those predicted by the simulation

DUNE Offline Computing Conceptual Design Report

This document describes Offline Software and Computing for the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) experiment, in particular, the conceptual design of the offline computing needed to accomplish its physics goals. Our emphasis in this document is the development of the computing infrastructure needed to acquire, catalog, reconstruct, simulate and analyze the data from the DUNE experiment and its prototypes. In this effort, we concentrate on developing the tools and systems thatfacilitate the development and deployment of advanced algorithms. Rather than prescribing particular algorithms, our goal is to provide resources that are flexible and accessible enough to support creative software solutions as HEP computing evolves and to provide computing that achieves the physics goals of the DUNE experiment

Reconstruction of interactions in the ProtoDUNE-SP detector with Pandora

International audienceThe Pandora Software Development Kit and algorithm libraries provide pattern-recognition logic essential to the reconstruction of particle interactions in liquid argon time projection chamber detectors. Pandora is the primary event reconstruction software used at ProtoDUNE-SP, a prototype for the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment far detector. ProtoDUNE-SP, located at CERN, is exposed to a charged-particle test beam. This paper gives an overview of the Pandora reconstruction algorithms and how they have been tailored for use at ProtoDUNE-SP. In complex events with numerous cosmic-ray and beam background particles, the simulated reconstruction and identification efficiency for triggered test-beam particles is above 80% for the majority of particle type and beam momentum combinations. Specifically, simulated 1 GeV/$c$ charged pions and protons are correctly reconstructed and identified with efficiencies of 86.1$\pm0.6$% and 84.1$\pm0.6$%, respectively. The efficiencies measured for test-beam data are shown to be within 5% of those predicted by the simulation