3 research outputs found
Identification of a novel cord blood NK cell subpopulation expressing functional programmed death receptor-1
BackgroundNatural Killer cells (NKs) represent the innate counterpart of TCRαβ lymphocytes and are characterized by a high anti-tumor and an anti-viral cytotoxic activity. Recently, it has been demonstrated that NKs can express PD-1 as an additional inhibitory receptor. Specifically, PD-1 was identified on a subpopulation of terminally differentiated NKs from healthy adults with previous HCMV infection. So far it is unknown whether PD-1 appears during NK-cell development and whether this process is directly or indirectly related to HCMV infection.MethodsIn this study, we analyzed the expression and function of PD-1 on Cord Blood derived NKs (CB-NKs) on a large cohort of newborns through multiparametric cytofluorimetric analysis.ResultsWe identified PD-1 on CB-NKs in more than of half the newborns analyzed. PD-1 was present on CD56dim NKs, and particularly abundant on CD56neg NKs, but only rarely present on CD56bright NKs. Importantly, unlike in adult healthy donors, in CB-NKs PD-1 is co-expressed not only with KIR, but also with NKG2A. PD-1 expression was independent of HCMV mother seropositivity and occurs in the absence of HCMV infection/reactivation during pregnancy. Notably, PD-1 expressed on CB-NKs was functional and mediated negative signals when triggered.ConclusionTo our understanding, this study is the first to report PD-1 expression on CB derived NKs and its features in perinatal conditions. These data may prove important in selecting the most suitable CB derived NK cell population for the development of different immunotherapeutic treatments
Peri-Implant Bone Damage Procured by Piezoelectric and Conventional Implant Site Preparation:An In Vitro Comparison
The conventional drill technique is the most commonly used for the implant
site preparation of the desired diameter and length. Ultrasonic implant site preparation (UISP) can also
be used to perform an implant site preparation of the desired dimensions. Methods: Implant sites were
prepared in fresh bone ribs with two di\ufb00erent implant site preparation techniques: implant surgical
drills and piezoelectric tips. Samples were analyzed with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for
evaluating the peri-implant bone damage. Result: In the surgical drills group, the cortical bone surface
showed several cracks and the bone vascular canals were hidden by a dense smear layer. Cancellous
bone showed large irregularities and trabecular fractures. The piezoelectric group showed a clean
and smooth cortical bone surface with opened bone vascular canals; the cancellous bone presented
a regular morphology, and the trabecular spaces, clearly visible, were free of debris. Conclusions:
Ultrasonic implant site preparation showed cleaner bone surfaces and lower bone trauma compared
with the preparation using implant surgical drills
Emerging potential of phototherapy in management of symptomatic oral lichen planus: A systematic review of randomised controlled clinical trials
Phototherapy incorporating photobiomodulation therapy and antimicrobial photodynamic therapy has been utilised as antioxidants in symptomatic oral lichen planus (OLP) management; however, its role of intervention remains controversial. The aim of this systematic review of CRD42021227788 PROSPERO (an international prospective register of systematic reviews in health and social care) registration number was to oversee and determine phototherapy efficacy in patients with symptomatic OLP, identifying and bridging the literature gaps by proposing recommendations for future studies. A search strategy was developed in consistent with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Various electronic databases were exercised to search for randomised controlled clinical trials (RCTs). Several search engines were employed to analyse a total of 177 studies of which nine included. A wide range of utilised laser and light-emitted diode wavelengths between 630 and 808 nm and irradiance ranged between 10 and 13 mW/cm2 were noted. 67% of studies reported a high risk of bias and a high heterogeneity obtained from numerical data for quantitative analysis, therefore meta-analysis was impossible to conduct. Despite inconsistency and diversity in phototherapy parameters, treatment protocols, photosensitiser (type, concentration and method of application) and outcome assessment tools, the majority of the studies showed positive results compared with standard care treatments. Hence, a necessity to perform well-designed RCTs with robust methodology is warranted, after acknowledging the current drawbacks and addressing the suggested recommendations highlighted in our review. Moreover, advanced knowledge in understanding further phototherapy-antioxidants molecular mechanistic in symptomatic OLP is required