Martí descubre a la mujer estadounidense: "Impresiones de América por un español muy fresco"

In this essay, I discuss briefly three magazine sketches written by José Martí\ud during his first prolonged stay in New York City. The essays, entitled collectively\ud “Impressions of America (by a Very Fresh Spaniard)” appeared in the journal The Hour\ud in July 10, August 21, and October 23, 1880. The Cuban essayist summarizes at times\ud in rather piquant manner his initial reaction to the United States. In doing so, he focuses\ud for the first time on American women, establishing a critical and metaphorical outlook\ud that will prevail throughout those North American Scenes (Escenas norteamericanas)\ud penned by him for different Latin American newspapers during his fifteen years in New\ud York. I argue that he approaches his subjects as symbols of a specific historical period\ud rather than as human beings. They are emblems of that Gilded Age which he came to\ud detest. In his essays on manners, Martí portrays women essentially according to four\ud paradigms: corrupt and noxious entities, rebels undergoing a precarious evolution,\ud humble victims of capitalist society, and merely decorative objects lacking concrete\ud personality. By succinctly analyzing their role in the sketches in question, I intend to\ud provide a foundation, questionable though it may be, from which to study Martí’s\ud depiction of U.S. women throughout his North American Scenes.En este estudio, analizo sucintamente tres crónicas escritas por José Martí poco\ud después de llegar a Nueva York en enero de 1880. Dichos ensayos aparecieron\ud originalmente en inglés bajo el título de “Impressions of America (by a Very Fresh\ud Spaniard)” o “Impresiones de América por un español muy fresco” en la revista\ud neoyorquina The Hour. Fechados el 10 de julio, el 21 de agosto y el 23 de octubre de\ud 1880, resumen conforme a la intención satírica del artículo de costumbres la reacción de\ud Martí ante la pujante metrópoli. Al asumir esa perspectiva irónica, el escritor cubano\ud lidia por vez primera con la mujer estadounidense. Así fija en ella desde un comienzo\ud esa visión crítica y metafórica a la par que prevalece a lo largo de sus Escenas\ud norteamericanas, las cuales escribió para una serie de periódicos hispanoamericanos.\ud Arguyo en mi estudio que Martí se acerca a este ente femenino cual si fuera símbolo de\ud un período histórico concreto y no auténtico ser humano, o sea la percibe como emblema\ud de la para él detestable Gilded Age (Edad Dorada). En su crónica Martí imagina cuatro\ud tipos específicos de mujer: la corrupta y perniciosa, la rebelde que representa una\ud evolución ambigua, la víctima del capitalismo rampante, la que deviene mero objeto\ud decorativo carente de genuina personalidad. Al analizar sucintamente el papel que dichos\ud personajes encarnan en estos sencillos textos del cubano, procuraré ofrecer otro punto\ud de partida, por elemental que parezca, para el estudio de la representación de la mujer\ud estadounidense en las Escenas norteamericanas

La autorización de estudio y trabajo a extranjeros en España tras la reforma de la ley orgánica 2/2009 de extranjería

Las recientes modificaciones a la Ley de Extranjería en España, referentes a las personas extranjeras con autorización para realizar estudios en el territorio nacional, han implementado un cambio en relación a la estancia por estudios, movilidad de alumnos, prácticas no laborales y servicio de voluntariado que pueden ejercer los extranjeros en España. A través de las mismas las personas extranjeras titulares de una estancia de estudio y, cumpliendo con los requisitos establecidos en dicha normativa, pueden solicitar la correspondiente autorización de estudio y trabajo ante las oficinas de extranjería durante el tiempo que dure la estancia concedida para los estudios. Así como, la posibilidad de modificación de su estatus legal de estancia por estudios al permiso de residencia y trabajo posterior a los tres años de estancia en territorio español, siempre y cuando se cumplan los requisitos exigidos en la presente normativa de extranjería, a la cual nos referiremos en el presente trabajoThe recent amendments to the Immigration Law in Spain, concerning foreigners with permission to study in the country, have implemented a change in relation to the student residence, mobility of students, not working practices and volunteer service they can exert foreigners in Spain. Through them foreigners who hold a study stay and meet the requirements imposed by that legislation may request authorization to work and study at immigration offices during the duration of stay granted for studies. As well as the possibility of amending its legal status student residence to residence and later work after three years of stay in Spanish territory, provided the required conditions are met in the present law relating to aliens, which we refer in this paper

Nutritional habits in heroin addicts

Objetivos: Analizar el estado nutricional y evaluar el consumo alimentario, conocimientos y actitudes en relación con la alimentación en un grupo de adictos a la heroína. Método: Se trata de un estudio observacional analítico basado en registro de valores antropométricos y entrevista alimentaria a los pacientes que realizan un tratamiento de desintoxicación. Resultado: Se observa disminución significativa de la media del índice de masa corporal, horario de comidas irregular, predominio del consumo de dulces, bollería y comida rápida. Conclusiones: La población compuesta por individuos con dependencia a la heroína se encuentra en una situación de elevado riesgo de desarrollo de problemas relacionados con la malnutrición.Objectives: Analyze the nutritional status and evaluate food consumption, knowledge and attitudes in relation to feeding in a group of addicts to the heroine. Method: Record of anthropometric values and food interview to the patients who realize a treatment of detoxification. Results: Significant decrease of the mean body mass index, irregular meal times, dominance of sweets, pastries and fast-food consumption. Conclusions: The population of individuals with heroin dependence is in a situation of high risk of developing problems associated with malnutrition

Identification of Clinical and Behavioral Outcomes Predictive of FTLD-TDP Pathology

Frontotemporal Lobar Dementia (FTLD) is a neurogenerative disease often misdiagnosed as Alzheimer’s Disease (AD), resulting in poor treatment outcomes (Rascovsky et al., 2011). Multi-factorial approaches are increasingly being applied to yield more accurate and earlier diagnoses. These standard clinical outcomes include MRI imaging, biomarkers, and assessments of cognitive ability. While each of these outcomes are partially predictive of FTLD diagnosis, none alone carry enough power to differentiate FTLD patients from other dementias, including AD. One notable variable is TDP-43, a DNA-binding protein involved in regulating the FTLD risk gene UNC13A, suggested as one of the more effective biomarkers for early FTLD diagnosis. While it is understood that TDP-43 serves as a good diagnostic biomarker, it is less understood what unique clinical outcomes emerge as a consequence of FTLD-TDP pathology compared to other TDP-related diagnoses. To examine best clinical predictivity, exploratory analyses will be run to investigate outcome combinations that most accurately identify TDP-43 pathology. These variables include: CSF tau concentration, level of cognitive ability, and cerebral gray matter volume. Data was extracted from the National Alzheimer’s Coordinating Center (NACC). Inclusion criterion were completeness of the following items/scores: FTD diagnosis, T1 scan (gray matter volumes), Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), CSF tau, and TDP-43 pathology. Structural equation modeling (SEM) - specifically between FTLD-TDP patients compared to FTLD patients investigated the predictiveness of these variables. Data collection is still being conducted and results will be presented and discussed in full during the oral presentation. Overall, the results are expected to shed light on what combination of clinical outcomes are most related to FTLD-TDP pathology over other FTLD cases