Two schemes of the branch-and-bound method for a flow shop total weighted tardiness minimization problem

Two schemes of the branch-and-bound method for a flow shop total weighted tardiness minimization problem are proposed that differ in that a schedule in one scheme is constructed in a natural order (first, one chooses the first job in the schedule, then the second, etc.), whereas, in the second scheme, a schedule is constructed in the reverse order (first, one chooses the last job in the schedule, then the penultimate job, etc.). It is shown by numerical experiments that the efficiency of the methods essentially depends on the parameters of the problem, which can be easily calculated from the initial data. A criterion for choosing the most efficient method (from among the two) is proposed for any particular problem. © 2013 Pleiades Publishing, Ltd

Об оценке сверху функции распределения

При изучении эллиптических операторов возникает необходимость исследования вложения весовых пространств Соболева в пространство Лебега. Существует ряд численных характеристик для данных вложений, одной из которых являются аппроксимативные числа. В статье доказана оценка сверху функции распределения аппроксимативных чисел вложения весового пространства Соболева в пространство Лебега. Рассмотрены основные определения, связанные с понятием функции распределения аппроксимативных чисел, и для этой функции показаны оценки соответствующего оператора вложения. Данный результат может быть применен в исследовании спектральных свойств самосопряженных дифференциальных операторов

Clinical and immunological characteristic of natural course at the early stages of HIV infection

An early-stage infection induces the most powerful reactions of immune system. 137 clinical histories of patients with HIV infection, and HCV/HIV-infected at the early stages of HIV infection were subjected to analysis. Patients and methods: a group of 45 patients at early terms of HIV infection included 25 cases of HCV/HIV-infected patients (first group), and 20 cases with HIV mono-infection (second group). Duration of infection was less than 1 year (with positive ELISA test), with mean terms of HIV immunoblot positivity of 5.5±0.6 months. For comparative analysis, the natural course group was examined, i.e., 43 patients with combined HCV/HIV infection (third group), and 49, with HIV monoinfection (fourth group) with a duration of HIV infection for 4.4±0.21 years. The group of healthy controls included 52 persons. We aimed to perform a comparative evaluation of clinical course and immunological features from the early stages of infection in the patients with combined HCV/HIV and HIV infection. Results: at early stages of infection, clinical pattern in HCV/HIV-infected patients was dominated by purulent-inflammatory, fungal infections and secondary diseases, along with more pronounced inhibition of cellular immunity and increased viral load of RNA HIV, as compared to data on HIV-infected patients

Preparation of encapsulated α-tocopherol acetate and study of its physico-chemical and biological properties

The article discusses the results of research for obtaining encapsulated vitamin E using a water-soluble oligosaccharide (cyclodextrin). The inclusion complexes of β-CD with α-tocopherol were obtained in an aqueousalcoholic medium by coprecipitation and microwave activation. The highest yields of target clathrate inclusion complexes of vitamin E with cyclodextrin were obtained under microwave synthesis conditions. Molecular modeling of inclusion complexes of α-tocopherol acetate with β-cyclodextrin in the ratios of 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, and 1:4 was performed using the MM+ method. Based on semi-empirical PM3 calculations, without taking into account the influence of the environment, the total energy of the systems under study was estimated. Data on the study of the structure of the clathrate complex of α-tocopherol acetate with β-cyclodextrin was presented. The surface morphology of the resulting “guest-host” clathrate complex was described using a scanning electron microscope. The spectral properties of the inclusion complex were characterized by FT-IR and 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy data. The study of the 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectra of β-CD in the free and bound state in the form of the β-CD: VE clathrate made it possible to reveal the displacements of the signals of the nuclei (± ∆δ) 1H and 13C of the host molecule both in the region of weak and strong fields. The experimental results confirmed the possibility of the formation of inclusion complexes of α-tocopherol acetate with β-cyclodextrin at various ratios. The data on the study of the effect of encapsulated α-tocopherol acetate on the safety of food meat products was presented

Clinical and epidemiological characteristic of chronic brucellosis

Aim. To study clinical epidemiological and laboratory features of chronic brucellosis in the Republic of Tatarstan in ten-year aspect. Methods. 59 patients infected with various forms of brucellosis in 2007-2017 were examined. Clinical laboratory and instrumental diagnosis of brucellosis was confirmed by the immunoassay (EIA) with determination of IgM and IgG antibodies, passive hemagglutination test with a brucellar diagnosticum, Coombs test, Wright and Hedelson agglutination test. Results. Clinically 91 % of patients had asthenic-vegetative syndrome, 55 % - mild intoxication symptoms, 89 % - articular syndrome, 49 % - fibrositis. EIA revealed in 91 % of patients IgG (38 %) and IgM (53 %) antibodies to causative agents of brucellosis, 25 % of patients had positive Wright agglutination test, and 30 % - positive Hedelson agglutination test. In 9 % of cases the diagnosis was confirmed by Coombs test and in 26 % by passive hemagglutination test with brucellar diagnosticum. The retrospective analysis with clinical cases of patients with chronic brucellosis indicates introduced cases in 19 % (from the republics of Central Asia and Transcaucasia), local cases in 81 % (from the Republic of Tatarstan), their occupational character (57 %), the mixed (contact and alimentary) route of infection (21 %), and 64 % with clinically primary involvement of the musculoskeletal system and peripheral nervous system, i.e. prevalence of the mixed form of chronic brucellosis. Conclusion. Chronic brucellosis in the Republic of Tatarstan is characterized by high risk of introduced cases, occupational history, prevalence of the mixed route of infection in females and working-age patients; with the features of systemic disease involving the musculoskeletal and peripheral nervous system against the background of mild syndrome of intoxication and moderate asthenic-vegetative syndrome. Divergence of the results of serological diagnostics requires careful studying of duration of infection, features of the immune response in each case on follow-up

FUNCTIONALLY ENRICHED MEAT PRODUCT WITH INCAPSULATED VITAMIN SUPPLEMENT

The article presents the study results of the functionally enriched meat product from lamb and ostrich meat with a biologically active additive. The fat-soluble vitamin complex "aevit" encapsulated with the food oligosaccharide β-cyclodextrin (E459) has been used as a functional ingredient. The use of poultry meat in the recipe allowed to obtain a product with high consumer properties. Based on the conducted experiments, a comparative characteristic of the physicochemical, energy, amino acid and organoleptic parameters of the obtained semi-smoked sausage products is given

Synthesis and Antibacterial Activity of Hydrazones of Isonicotinic and Salicylic Acids Based on Acetyl Derivatives of Coumarin and Benzo[g][1,3,5]Oxadiazocine

In recent decades, the efforts of many researchers in the sphere of organic chemistry, physics and pharmacol-ogy have been focused on the search for new agents with pronounced antibacterial and especially antifungal activity. This is due to the widespread increase in the resistance of many bacterial strains and fungi to antibi-otics and antifungal drugs available in medical practice. In this regard, the number of works related to the synthesis of new potential antibiotics from the most diverse class of organic derivatives, which either include known pharmacophore groups or represent a new structural class of compounds with unknown and unex-plored activity, is increasing in the scientific literature. In this work, new previously undescribed hydrazones derivatives were obtained on the basis of physiologically active isonicotinic and salicylic acid hydroxides and laboratory-available acetyl-substituted heterocycles, namely 3-acetyl-2H-chromen-2-one 3,2-acetyl-3H-benzo[f]chromen-3-one 4 and 2,6-methanobenzo[g][1,3,5]oxadiazocine 5. The obtained hydrazones structure is explicitly proved by IR and 1H, 13C NMR spectroscopy data. The synthesized six new hydrazones under-went biological screening for antibacterial and antifungal activity on strains of microorganisms, namely gram-positive bacterium Staphylococcus aureus 209P, gram-negative bacterium Pectobacterium carotovorum VKM-B1247, and yeast-like fungus Candida albicans ATCC 10231. Screening revealed three compounds with antimicrobial activity and one promising compound — (E)-2-hydroxy-N’-(1-(2-oxochroman-3-yl)ethylidene)benzohydrazide 9, which also exhibits antifungal activity along with antimicrobial activity

Cost-Effectiveness of Surgically Induced Weight Loss for the Management of Type 2 Diabetes: Modeled Lifetime Analysis

OBJECTIVE--To estimate the cost-effectiveness of surgically induced weight loss relative to conventional therapy for the management of recently diagnosed type 2 diabetes in class VII obese patients. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS--This study builds on a within-trial cost-efficacy analysis. The analysis compares the lifetime costs and quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) between the two intervention groups. Intervention costs were extrapolated based on observed resource utilization during the trial. The proportion of patients in each intervention group with remission of diabetes at 2 years was the same as that observed in the trial. Health care costs for patients with type 2 diabetes and outcome variables required to derive estimates of QALYs were sourced from published literature. A health care system perspective was adopted. Costs and outcomes were discounted annually at 3%. Costs are presented in 2006 Australian dollars (AUD) (currency exchange: 1 AUD = 0.74 USD). RESULTS--The mean number of years in diabetes remission over a lifetime was 11.4 for surgical therapy patients and 2.1 for conventional therapy patients. Over the remainder of their lifetime, surgical and conventional therapy patients lived 15.7 and 14.5 discounted QALYs, respectively. The mean discounted lifetime costs were 98,900 AUD per surgical therapy patient and 101,400 AUD per conventional therapy patient. Relative to conventional therapy, surgically induced weight loss was associated with a mean health care saving of 2,400 AUD and 1.2 additional QALYs per patient. CONCLUSIONS--Surgically induced weight loss is a dominant intervention (it both saves health care costs and generates health benefits) for managing recently diagnosed type 2 diabetes in class IBI obese patients in Australia. <br /

Features of the course of manifest forms of acute hepatitis C

Aim. To identify clinical, epidemiological and laboratory-instrumental features of acute hepatitis C at the present stage according to the infectious hospital data. Methods. The study included 111 patients with acute hepatitis C aged from 18 to 79 years who were hospitalized in Republican Clinical Infectious Diseases Hospital named after A.F. Agafonov in 2011 - I quarter of 2017. Acute hepatitis C was diagnosed in accordance with the guidelines of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. Results. In the study group, females aged 21 to 40 years, non-working, predominantly living in Kazan with medical transmission of infection (34 %) prevailed. The disease was mild and moderately severe (71 %). The icteric form was observed in 94 % of patients, in 3.6 % - with a cholestatic component. When comparing laboratory parameters, markers of cytolysis and cholestasis differed significantly in patients depending on the severity (p<0.001). Changes in the gallbladder walls (an ultrasound marker of cholestasis) were revealed in 21.4 % of patients. On specific examination, the viral RNA was detected in 100 % of patients. Analysis of serological markers revealed predominance of antibodies to core and NS3 proteins, M class antibodies were detected only in half of the patients. Specific antibodies were absent (“dark diagnostic window”) in 3 % of patients with mild and 6 % of moderate form of the disease. Conclusion. The feature of the course of acute viral hepatitis C was the predominance of moderate forms (71 %) with medical transmission of infection. Icteric forms of acute viral hepatitis C were diagnosed in 94 % of patients (in 3.6 % cases with the development of cholestatic component). PCR is a mandatory method of specific diagnosis of acute viral hepatitis C, and in case of a “dark diagnostic window” becomes the leading method